Personality, in psychology, the patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion unique to an individual, and the ways they interact to help or hinder the adjustment of a person to other people and situations. This document consist of the major determinants of personality like Biological, Cultural, Family, social, etc......
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Personality, in psychology, the patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion unique to an individual, and the ways they interact to help or hinder the adjustment of a person to other people and situations. This document consist of the major determinants of personality like Biological, Cultural, Family, social, etc......
Personality, in psychology, the patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion unique to an individual, and the ways they interact to help or hinder the adjustment of a person to other people and situations. This document consist of the major determinants of personality like Biological, Cultural, Family, social, etc......
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Personality, in psychology, the patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion unique to an individual, and the ways they interact to help or hinder the adjustment of a person to other people and situations. This document consist of the major determinants of personality like Biological, Cultural, Family, social, etc......
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PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Personality, in psychology, the patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion
unique to an individual, and the ways they interact to help or hinder the adjustment of a person to other people and situations. A number of theories have attempted to explain human personality. In his psychoanalytic interpretation, Sigmund Freud state that the human mind could be divided into three significant components - the id, the ego, and the superego - which work together (or come into conflict) to shape personality.
The word "personality" originates from the Latin persona, which means mask. Significantly, in the theatre of the ancient Latin - speaking world, the mask was not used as a plot device to disguise the identity of a character, but rather was a convention employed to represent or typify that character.
Major determinants of personality
• Biological Factors • Cultural Factors • Family Factors • Social Factors • Situational Factors
Biological Factors
Heredity:
• It refers to physical stature, facial attractiveness, sex, temperament,
muscle composition and reflexes, energy level, and biological rhythms are characteristics that are considered to be inherent. • It plays an important part in determining an individual's personality. • Heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual's personality is the molecular structures of the genes, which are located in the chromosomes. • Recent research studies shows that young children lend strong support to the power of heredity and finding shows that some personality traits may be built into the same genetic code that affects factors like height and hair color.
Brain: • Brain is the second biological approach to determine personality. • It plays an important role in determining personality. • Electrical Stimulation of the Brain (ESB) and Split brain psychology results indicates that a better understanding of human personality and behavior might come from a closer study of the brain. • The definite areas of the human brain are associated with pain and pleasure. Research study shows that these things are true.
Biofeedback:
• It is third biological approach to determine personality.
• Physiologists and psychologists felt that biological functions like brainwave patterns, gastric and hormonal secretions, and fluctuations in blood pressure and skin temperature were beyond conscious control. Recent research shows that these functions can be consciously controlled through biofeedback techniques. • For this purpose, individual can learns the internal rhythms of a particular body process through electronic signals that are feedback from equipment which is wired to body. • In this process, the person can learn to control the body process through questions. • It is one of the interesting topics to do future research work in personality.
Physical Features:
• It is third biological approach to determine personality.
• It is vital ingredient of the personality, it focus an individual person's external appearance which also determined the personality. • Physical features like tall or short, fat or skinny, black or white. These physical features will be influenced the personal effect on others and also affect self concept of individual. • Recent research studies shows that definitely this features influence to individual personality in an organization. In totally, heredity would be fixed at birth and no amount of experience can be altering them through creation of suitable environment. Apart from this, personality characteristics are not completely dictated by heredity.
There are other factors also influenced to determining personality.
Cultural Factors
"Each culture expects, and trains, its members to behave in ways that are acceptable to the group. To a marked degree, the child's cultural group defines the range of experiences and situations he is likely to encounter and the values and personality characteristics that will reinforce and hence learned". -Paul H Mussen • Cultural factors are also major factors which influence to determine individual personality. • It refers to traditional practice, customs, procedure, norms and rules and regulation followed by the society. • It significantly influence to individual behavior compare to biological factors. • Cultural factors determine attitudes towards independence, aggression, competition, cooperation, positive thinking, team spirit, and a host of the human being and discharge his/her duties towards valuable responsibilities to society. • Western culture influence to Indian society. It is best example of the cultural factors also determine the personality.
Family Factors
• Family factors are also major factors which influence to determine
individual personality. • Family consists of husband and wife and their children's. • Family role is very important for nurturing and personality development of their children. • Family will be guided, supervised, take care of all family members, cooperation, 52 Organizational Behavior coordination and cooperation in work and also explained the role and responsibilities towards the family, society and real life. • Family either directly or indirectly influence to person for development of individual personality.
Social Factors • Social factors are also major factors which influence to determine individual personality. • It involves the reorganization of individual's in an organization or society. • It refers to acquiring of wide range of personality by acquiring and absorbed by themselves in the society or an organization. • Socialization process is starting from home and extending to work environment in an organization or society. • It focuses on good relationships, cooperation, coordination and interaction among the members in the society or an organization or a family. In totally, environment factors consist of cultural factors, family factors, and social factors.
Situational Factors
• Situational factors also influence to determine of personality.
• Situational factors are very important to change the individual behavior in a different circumstance at different situations, it also influence to personality of individual person. • In general term, personality is stable and consistent and it does change in different situations. The Interaction of Personality and Situational Factors are outlined: • Strong situational pressures • Personality may not predict behavior • Example: enforcement of rules • Weak Situational pressures • Personality may predict behavior • Example: Customer sales representative • A strong situation can overwhelm the effects of individual personalities by providing strong cues for appropriate behavior. TERMINOLOGY
Psychology - The study of human behavior and mental processes.
Behavior – activities, manners
Pattern – model, example
Thought – thinking
Emotion – feeling
Unique – exclusive, only one of its kind
Interact - act together
Interpretation – explanation
Significant – important
Component – part
Conflict – quarrel, clash
Disguise – mask, costume
Typify – characterize
Biofeedback – Bio response
Biofeedback means feeding back information about life responses:
temperature, heart rate, brain wave activity, and/or muscle tension. Biofeedback include electromyography (EMG's) that measures muscle tension, electroencephalographs (EEGs) that measure brain-wave activity, and electrocardiographs (ECG's) known to measure heart rate.
