Chapter 2: Code of ethics

DO AND DON’TS AS ENGINEERS

1. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.
2. Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competence.
3. Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
4. Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees.
5. Engineers shall avoid deceptive acts.

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF ENGINEERS?

FUNCTIONS OF ENGINEERS
 Engineers act as a leader to technicians, craftsmen and workers
 Engineers should be:
•Familiar with the skills of his/her subordinates, and in addition to that,
•Innovate,
•Design,
•Make decisions,
•And foresee,
•Identify,
•Assess, and
•Solve problems
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENT BETWEEN PROFESSION AND PROFESSIONALISM?

PROFESSION PROFESSIONALISM
•Involve the application  Professional status, methods,
of specialized knowledge character, or standards.
of a subject, field, or  Refer to member’s common way
science to fee-paying of thinking and living
clientele  Sense of moral and vocational
•Claim authority on (profession) satisfaction
specific professional  Professional attitudes and
knowledge and skill motivation based on community
•Possess criteria for recognition and level of reward
membership privilege,  A self-imposed standard of
obligation and rights excellence in its performance
 Sharing advances in professional
knowledge by rendering gratuitous
services to society
 Professional activity carrying
high-level responsibility
 Motivation for service
Characteristics Of Profession  Having specialized  Engineers practice as members
knowledge and skill of teams led and managed by
 Have undergone a senior engineers.
 recognized educational  Senior engineers-tended and
process successfully managed large resources of man,
 Having acquired a materials and finance
standard of specialized  Junior engineers-involved in
qualification based on a detailed technical practice
specific discipline of  Technical direction came from
education and proven middle-level engineers
competence  Generally in the client-
 Action guided by a practitioner characteristic, the
standard of conduct individual role is taken over by the
based upon ethical code engineering management
 Status recognition
 Involved actively in an
organization devoted to
common advancement

Chapter 3: Human Relations in Engineering Management

Human element theory

Theory X

1. The average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if possible.
2. Because of this human characteristic of dislike of work, most people must be coerced,
controlled, directed and threatened with punishment to get them to put for the adequate
effort toward the achievement of organization objectives.
3. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has
relatively little ambition and wants security above all.

Theory Y

1. The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest. The
average human being does not inherently dislike work. Depending upon controllable
conditions, work maybe a source of satisfaction (and will be voluntarily performed) or a
source of punishment (and will be avoided if possible).
2. External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means for bringing about
effort toward organizational objectives. People will exercise self-direction and self-control in
the service of objectives to which they are committed.
3. Commitment to objectives is a function of the rewards associated with their achievement.
The most significant of such rewards, the satisfaction of ego and self-actualization needs,
can be direct products of effort directed toward organizational objectives.
4. The average human being learns, under proper conditions, not only to accept but to seek
responsibility. Avoidance of responsibility, lack of ambition, and emphasis on security are
generally consequences of experiences, not inherent human characteristics.
5. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity, and creativity in
the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the
population.
Delegation as leader

The topic of delegation is closely related to leadership and communication. It involves giving people
things to do. There are at least four benefits from proper delegation:

1. Expands results from what a manager can do to what he or she can control,
2. Releases the manager’s time for more important work,
3. Develops subordinates’ skill, competence, and initiative, and
4. Provides for decision making at the lowest possible level.

Chapter 7: Green Technology

Waste Management

Definition

 Waste management is all those activities and action required to manage waste from its
inception to its final disposal.
 Waste management means the collection, transport, recovery & disposal of waste including
supervision of such operations & aftercare of disposal sites
 Waste management means the collection, transport, recovery & disposal of waste including
supervision of such operations & aftercare of disposal sites (European Union Directive on
waste)
 This includes, amongst other things, collection, transport, treatment disposal of waste
together with monitoring regulation. It also encompasses the legal, regulatory framework
the relates to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling etc

Chapter 4a: Route to Be Professional Engineer

1. The weightage factor (WF) and the allowable maximum CPD Hours for each of the
recognized CPD Activities
i.
2. Graduate Engineer Registered with BEM and the organization without PE inside, the
candidate must use IEM Logbook regularly.
3. The applicants are required to fulfil 3 years registration as Graduate Engineer before being
eligible to apply for Professional Engineer via Route 3 (Section 10(2)(d) of the Registration of
Engineers Act 1967 (Revised 2015).
4. Your name is Alfa Romeo, and you just get a professional engineer recently. Please write
your name indicates you met the standard can be respected as a professional. My respected
name is Ir. Alfa Romeo (P.Eng)
5. The Professional Interview (PI) which comprises an oral interview and essay writing remains
unchanged.
6. For MIEM, candidate must do a presentation for 15 minutes (3 slides only) regarding
Competency A & B before proceed for interview session.
7. Only Ir/P.Eng (Tier-2/PEPC) can sign and seal the engineering document is that are submitted
to a public and private clients
8. Continuing education is required for professional engineer.
9. Currently, there have some criteria are not being applicable in Route 1 & 2 requirement
which is compulsory courses attendance
10. A professional engineer is person who is licensed to practice engineering in Malaysia after
meeting all requirements of the law
11. There are 3 routes existed to be a Professional Engineer in Malaysia.
i. Route 1: PAE
ii. Route 2: IEM
iii. Route 3: Chartered Engineer
12. The CPD policy is aimed to further improve and broaden the knowledge and skill of
engineers in performing their duties in line with current practice and regulations

Chapter 5: Science and Technology Development

Patent Patentable
Definition A right granted to anyone Whoever invents or
who invents or discovers any discovers any new and
new and useful process, useful process, machine,
machine, article of manufacture, or
manufacture, or composition of matter, or
composition of matter, or any new and useful
any new and useful improvement thereof, may
improvement thereof. obtain a patent thereof,”
subject to certain
conditions.

Example of Patentable
Subject Matter
 Machine —screwdriver
 Improved machine —
better screw driver
 Compositions —new drugs
 Methods of making
 Methods of Using
 Methods of Treatment
 Business Methods
Advantage  Patenting is Prestigious —I What Cannot Be Patented?
did it! and I was first! ①Any artistic creation
 Easy Publication —no ②Mathematical methods
editors. ③Business scheme
 Licensing possibilities. ④Anything prohibited by
 Recoup money spent on the National Patent Laws
R&D How is a Patent Obtained?
 Expanded collaborations. Inventor files the full
 Commercial advantage disclosure of invention in
over competitors Patent Office
 Provide valuable trading Patent Office
assets to help assure conducts search to
freedom to operate ascertain the prerequisites
publishes the application
conducts in-depth
examination
raises objection to the
application
 grants the patent
Patent Application Process
①Conceive the invention
②Write the application
③File the application
④Meet the application
formalities —
e.g., declaration. formal
drawings
⑤Examination process
begins
⑥Restriction requirement
issued —sometimes
⑦Substantive Office Action
issued
⑧Reply filed (usually there
will be multiple iterations of
this and the above step
before an allowance is
obtained)
⑨Appeal filed
⑩Application Allowed
Patent Application Process

Chapter 5b Technology Transfer

How about innovation in Malaysia ?

Issues

• Lack of an innovation culture

• Focus areas to develop indigenous capabilities in strategic and key technologies are too broad

•Improved efforts to strengthen SME technological capability

•Inadequate technology diffusion activities

•Mismatch of R&D activities with market trends

•Low rate of commercialization of R&D findings

•Insufficient attention to the growth and needs of knowledge-intensive service sectors

Action for Innovation and Growth

•Implementation of the S&T Policy

•Enhance National Innovation System (Specific Committee and study for technology forsight)

•Increase rate of commercialization of R&D findings: accord priority of projects; enhance public-
private sector collaboration

•Improve the entire value chain from R&D to commercialization

 •Review funding mechanism

•Greater emphasis on demand-driven approach

•Increase development of technopreneurs

•Emphasis on HRD development

•Develop new area of growth

Chapter 7: Sustainable

Sustainable Development:

1. 3 Pillar Model of Sustainable Development

i. Economic Growth
ii. Environment Protection
iii. Social Equity

What is to be sustained? What is to be developed?

Life support Economy
•Ecosystem services •Wealth
•Resources •Productive sectors
•Environment •Consumption

Nature People
•Earth •Life expectancy
•Biodiversity •Education
•Ecosystems •Equity
•Equal opportunity

Community Society
•Cultures/Groups •Institutions
•Places •Social capital
•States/ Regions
Chapter 7: Green Technology

What is Energy Management (EM)?

Energy Management Is the process of monitoring, controlling and conserving energy in a building or
organization to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or reducing
total costs of producing the output. It is also defined as method of achieving quality product at least
energy cost without affecting environment.

Objective?

1. To achieve & maintain optimum energy procurement & utilization, throughout the
organization
2. To minimize energy costs / waste without affecting production & quality
3. To minimise environmental effects.
4. To increase efficiency & performance

Principles of EM?
 1. Eliminating unnecessary energy use
2. Improving efficiency or energy use
3. Buying energy at lower cost
4. Adjusting operation to allow purchasing energy at lower prices

Why reduction & control of energy usage is vital for an organization?

1. Reduce Cost
i. The most convincing reason for saving energy
ii. Save up to 20 on fuel cost by managing energy use
2. Reduce Risk
i. Helps to reduce risk of energy price fluctuations supply shortages
3. Reduce undesirable Environmental effects
i. Reduce carbon emissions (CE from energy use dominate the total greenhouse gas
emission of most organizations
ii. Reducing carbon footprint
iii. Sound energy management, integral part of carbon management to helps organizations