Salman Mureed

MEEN19111032
Submitted to: Sir Dr. Liaquat Ali Khan
SECTION: BS – MEEN – 2B
Mechanical Enginnering

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 QUESTION NO. 1
Problem Statement:
A particle moving in the x-y plane has a velocity at time given t = 6s given by 4i+5j ms-1, and at t = 6.1s its
velocity has become 4.3i + 5.4j ms-1. Calculate the magnitude aav of its average acceleration during the 0.1-s
interval and the angle 𝜃 it makes with the x-axis.
Given Data:
 Velocity of a particle along the s-axis = 4i+5j ms-1
 Time taken = t = 6.1sec
 Displacement = s = 2 millimeters
To Find:
 Acceleration = a =?
 Angle = 𝜃 = ?
Calculations:
As, the velocity is provided in the problem statement:
Δ𝑣
aav = Δ𝑡
(4.3𝑖+5.4𝑗)−(4𝑖+5𝑗)
aav = (0.1)

aav = 0.3i +04j/0.1

aav = 3i + 4j ms-1
For the acceleration 𝑎 ∶
a = √3 + 4 = 5ms-2
a = 5ms-2
For the angle 𝜃 :
𝜃 = ay / ax
4
𝜃 = tan−1 3

𝜃 = 53.1o
Conclusion:
The calculated value of acceleration 5ms-2 and angle is 𝜃 = 53.1o.

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 QUESTION NO. 2
Problem Statement:
The center of mass G of a high jumper follows the trajectory shown. Determine the component vo, measured in
the vertical plane of the figure, of his takeoff velocity and angle 𝜃 if the apex of the trajectory just clears the bar
at A. (In general, must the mass center G of the jumper clear the bar during a successful jump?)

To Find:
 Component measured in the vertical plane = vo =?
Calculations:
As, we set up x-y axes at the initial location of G:
X = Xo + Vxo t ; 3 = ( vo cos𝜃) t
Y = Yo + Vyo t – ½ gt2 ; 3.5 = ( vo sin𝜃) t – 16.1 t2
Vy = Vyo – gt ; o = vo sin𝜃 – 32.2 t
Solving simultaneously
T = 0.466sec
Vo = 16.33ft/sec
𝜃 = 66.8𝑜
Conclusion:
As, the calculated component measured in the vertical plane; vo is 16.33ft/sec.

QUESTION NO. 3
Problem Statement:
The basketball player likes to release his foul shots with an initial speed vo = 23.5 ft/sec. What value(s) of the
initial angle 𝜃 will cause the ball to pass through the center of the rim? Neglect clearance considerations as the
ball passes over the front portion of the rim.

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Given Data:
 Initial Velocity of a particle = vo = 200 m/s
 Velocity of a particle = v = 400 - 16t2
 Time = t = v= 400 - 16t2
To Find:
 Net displacement = s =?
 Total distance = D =?
Calculations:
X = X + VXo t
13.75 = 0 + (vo t)
tf = (21.4/23.5)
now, using the following relation :
Y = Y o + Vyo t - ½ gt2
3 = 0 + 23.5 sin𝜃 (21.4/23.5) – ½ (9.8) (21.4/23.5)
3 + ½ (9.8)(21.4/23.5) = (23.5)sin𝜃(21.4/13.5)
Sin𝜃 = [3 + ½ (9.8)(21.4/23.5)]/21.4
𝜃 = 50𝑜
Conclusion:
Hence, the θ = 50o initial angle θ will cause the ball to pass through the center of the rim.

QUESTION NO. 4
Problem Statement:

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A team of engineering students is designing a catapult to launch a small ball at A so that it lands in the box. If it
is known that the initial velocity vector makes a 30o angle with the horizontal, determine the range of launch
speeds vo for which the ball will land inside the box.

Given Data:
 Angle = 𝜃 = 30 degree
To Find:
 Range of lunch = Vo =?

Calculations:
let A and B be the limits or pint of impact
For point A:
X = 3.5m; Y= 0.2m
For point B
X = 3.5+0.6m; Y = 0.2m
General equation of projectile with “0” as the reference;
𝜃 = 30𝑜 ; Yo=0.3m
𝑔 𝑋2
Y = Yo + tan 𝜃 - 2𝑉 2 cos2 𝜃
6.54𝑋 2
Y = 0.3 + 0.577X - 𝑣2

De-substituting the conditions for A & B:

A) For point A:
6.54 (3.5)2
0.2 = 0.3 + 0.577(3.5) – 𝑉2

VoA = 6.145m/s
B) For point B:

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 6.54(4.1)2
0.2 = 0.3 + 0.577(4.1) - 𝑉 2
VoB = 6.677 m/s
6.115 ≤ Vo ≤ 6.67 m/s
Conclusion:
So, the velocity at point A is 6.145m/s and velocity at point B is 6.677 m/s. Hence, we will consider 6.67
m/s as final answer because; 6.115 ≤ Vo ≤ 6.67 m/s.

QUESTION NO. 5
Problem Statement:
A bicycle is placed on a service rack with its wheels hanging free. As part of a bearing test, the front wheel is
spun at the rate N =45rev/min. Assume that this rate is constant and determine the speed v and magnitude a of
the acceleration of point A.

Given Data:
 Diameter of wheel = D = 27’’
 Angle to point A on rim = 𝜃 = 30 Degree
 Angular speed of wheel = N = 45rev/min
To Find:
 Speed = v =?
 Scalar Acceleration of point A = a =?
Calculations:
Since we are just looking for the speed and the magnitude of the acceleration the angle is not needed.
v = rω or with the book’s notation v = pβ.

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 Need to express the angular velocity in radians.
𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑑
ω = 45 𝑚𝑖𝑛 2π = 282.7 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑟𝑎𝑑
v = (13.5 inches)(282.7𝑚𝑖𝑛)
𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝒇𝒕
v = 3820 = 63.6 = 5.30 𝒔
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑠

Since the wheel is spinning at a constant speed there is no tangential acceleration.

𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
𝑣2 (3820
𝑚𝑖𝑛
)2 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
a= = = 1.08 × 106
𝑟 13.5𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛2

𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 2
(63.6 ) 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
𝑠
a= = 300
13.5𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑠2

𝑓𝑡 2
(5.30 ) 𝒇𝒕
𝑠
a= 13.5 = 25.0 𝒔𝟐
𝑓𝑡
12

Conclusion:
𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
The value of velocity is 5.30 𝑠 and value of scalar acceleration is 25.0 𝑠2 .

QUESTION NO. 6
Problem Statement:
The speed of a car increases uniformly with time from 50 km/h at A to 100 km/h at B during 10 seconds. The
radius of curvature of the hump at A is 40 m. If the magnitude of the total acceleration of the mass center of the
car is the same at B as at A, compute the radius of curvature pB of the dip in the road at B. The mass center of
the car is 0.6 m from the road.

Given Data:
 The speed of a car at point A = v = 50 km/h
 The speed of a car at point B = v = 100 km/h
 Time = t = 10 seconds
 Radius of Hump = r = 40m
 Center of Mass of Car from Road = 0.6m

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To Find:
 Radius of curvature of the dip in the road at B = pB =?
Calculations:
If the total accelerations are the same we can write,
√a2tA + a2nA = √a2tB + a2nB
Tangential acceleration is constant so we are left with,
anA = anB

It does not matter which units we use for velocity (only the ratio of the velocities appear sin the equation).
1002
pB = 0.6 + ( 40 + 0.6 )
502

pB = 163m
Conclusion:
The value of Radius of curvature of the dip in the road at B is 163m.

QUESTION NO. 7
Problem Statement:
The car C increases its speed at the constant rate of 1.5m/s2 as it rounds the curve shown. If the magnitude of the
total acceleration of the car is 2.5m/s2 at the point A where the radius of curvature is 200 m, compute the speed v
of the car.

Given Data:

 Total Acceleration = a = 2.5m/s2

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  Tangential Acceleration = at = 1.5m/s2
 Radius of curvature = r = 200 m

To Find:
 Speed of the car = r =?
Calculations:
The total acceleration has two perpendicular components,

Conclusion:
So, the calculated Speed v of the car is 20 m/s.

QUESTION NO. 8
Problem Statement:
An earth satellite which moves in the elliptical equatorial orbit shown has a velocity v in space of 17 970 km/h
when it passes the end of the semi-minor axis at A. The earth has an absolute surface value of g of 9.821 m/s2
and has a radius of 6371 km. Determine the radius of curvature of the orbit at A.

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Given Data:
 Velocity in space = v = 17 970 km/h
 Earth has an absolute surface value of g = 9.821 m/s2
 Radius = R =6371 km
To Find:
 Radius of curvature of the orbit at A = p =?
Calculations:
The acceleration of the satellite is only due to gravitational attraction between it and the Earth. Gravitational
force falls off with the square of the distance so the gravitational acceleration at distance r follow,
𝑔(𝑅)𝑅 2 𝑔𝑅 2
g(r)= gr = =
𝑟2 𝑟2

The distance r is by Pythagorean theorem,

r = √80002 + 138602
= 16003.11km
The normal acceleration will be facing straight down, while the total is pointing from the satellite to the middle
of Earth;
13860 𝑔𝑅 2 13860 9.821×63712 ×13860
an=a = = = 1.34m/s
𝑟 𝑟3 16003.112

The radius of curvature follows,

179790 2
𝑣2 ( )
3.6
p= =
a𝐧 1.34

p= 18594.58km
Conclusion:
So, Radius of curvature of the orbit at A by using above expressions is 18594.58km.

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