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    Cell (Biology) - Wikipedia 5

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    The document summarizes some of the primary components of cells. The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, surrounds the cell and separates it from the external environment. It is made of a phospholipid bilayer and contains proteins that act as channels and pumps. The cytoskeleton helps maintain the cell's shape and anchors organelles. It is composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules made of proteins like actin and tubulin. Genetic material in cells includes DNA, which stores long-term biological information encoded in its sequence, and RNA, which transports information and aids enzymatic functions through molecules like mRNA and tRNA.

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    Cell (Biology) - Wikipedia 5

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    The document summarizes some of the primary components of cells. The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, surrounds the cell and separates it from the external environment. It is made of a phospholipid bilayer and contains proteins that act as channels and pumps. The cytoskeleton helps maintain the cell's shape and anchors organelles. It is composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules made of proteins like actin and tubulin. Genetic material in cells includes DNA, which stores long-term biological information encoded in its sequence, and RNA, which transports information and aids enzymatic functions through molecules like mRNA and tRNA.

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    Cell (biology) - Wikipedia 5

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    The document summarizes some of the primary components of cells. The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, surrounds the cell and separates it from the external environment. It is made of a phospholipid bilayer and contains proteins that act as channels and pumps. The cytoskeleton helps maintain the cell's shape and anchors organelles. It is composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules made of proteins like actin and tubulin. Genetic material in cells includes DNA, which stores long-term biological information encoded in its sequence, and RNA, which transports information and aids enzymatic functions through molecules like mRNA and tRNA.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    17 views1 page

    Cell (Biology) - Wikipedia 5

    Uploaded by

    piping stress
    The document summarizes some of the primary components of cells. The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, surrounds the cell and separates it from the external environment. It is made of a phospholipid bilayer and contains proteins that act as channels and pumps. The cytoskeleton helps maintain the cell's shape and anchors organelles. It is composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules made of proteins like actin and tubulin. Genetic material in cells includes DNA, which stores long-term biological information encoded in its sequence, and RNA, which transports information and aids enzymatic functions through molecules like mRNA and tRNA.

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    6/17/2020 Cell (biology) - Wikipedia

    hereditary material of genes, and RNA, containing the information necessary to build various proteins
    such as enzymes, the cell's primary machinery. There are also other kinds of biomolecules in cells. This
    article lists these primary cellular components, then briefly describes their function.

    Membrane

    The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is a biological


    membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell. In
    animals, the plasma membrane is the outer boundary of
    the cell, while in plants and prokaryotes it is usually
    covered by a cell wall. This membrane serves to separate
    and protect a cell from its surrounding environment and
    is made mostly from a double layer of phospholipids, Detailed diagram of lipid bilayer cell membrane
    which are amphiphilic (partly hydrophobic and partly
    hydrophilic). Hence, the layer is called a phospholipid
    bilayer, or sometimes a fluid mosaic membrane. Embedded within this membrane is a macromolecular
    structure called the porosome the universal secretory portal in cells and a variety of protein molecules
    that act as channels and pumps that move different molecules into and out of the cell.[4] The membrane
    is semi-permeable, and selectively permeable, in that it can either let a substance (molecule or ion) pass
    through freely, pass through to a limited extent or not pass through at all. Cell surface membranes also
    contain receptor proteins that allow cells to detect external signaling molecules such as hormones.

    Cytoskeleton

    The cytoskeleton acts to organize and maintain the cell's shape;


    anchors organelles in place; helps during endocytosis, the uptake of
    external materials by a cell, and cytokinesis, the separation of
    daughter cells after cell division; and moves parts of the cell in
    processes of growth and mobility. The eukaryotic cytoskeleton is
    composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments and
    microtubules. There are a great number of proteins associated with
    them, each controlling a cell's structure by directing, bundling, and
    aligning filaments.[4] The prokaryotic cytoskeleton is less well-
    A fluorescent image of an
    studied but is involved in the maintenance of cell shape, polarity and
    endothelial cell. Nuclei are stained
    cytokinesis.[19] The subunit protein of microfilaments is a small, blue, mitochondria are stained red,
    monomeric protein called actin. The subunit of microtubules is a and microfilaments are stained
    dimeric molecule called tubulin. Intermediate filaments are green.
    heteropolymers whose subunits vary among the cell types in
    different tissues. But some of the subunit protein of intermediate
    filaments include vimentin, desmin, lamin (lamins A, B and C), keratin (multiple acidic and basic
    keratins), neurofilament proteins (NF–L, NF–M).

    Genetic material

    Two different kinds of genetic material exist: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
    Cells use DNA for their long-term information storage. The biological information contained in an
    organism is encoded in its DNA sequence.[4] RNA is used for information transport (e.g., mRNA) and
    enzymatic functions (e.g., ribosomal RNA). Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are used to add amino acids
    during protein translation.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology) 5/16

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