‫ﺍﻝﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫‪FRESH PROPERTIES OF HIGH STRENGTH SELF – COMPACTING‬‬

‫‪CONCRETE‬‬
‫*‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﻡ ﺨﻠﻴل ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻭﻁﺎﺭﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻻﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺯﻨﻬـﺎ ﺍﻝـﺫﺍﺘﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻬﺯﺍﺯ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﻸ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺠﻭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﺼﻭل ﺍﻻﻨﻌﺯﺍل ﺍﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻀﺢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻭﻩ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﻀﺒﺎﻥ ﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﺼﻭل ﺍﻻﻨﻌﺯﺍل ﺍﻭ ﺤﺸﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺨﻠﻑ ﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ‪ .‬ﻝﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻭﻓﺴﻭﺭ ‪ Okamura‬ﻭ ‪ Kochi‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴـﺔ –‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﺎﺒﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺨﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﻜل ﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻭﺯﻤـﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﻤـﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴـﺎﺌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ )‪ (Sika-viscocrete-1‬ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ )‪ (2.5% , 2.2% , 2%‬ﻤﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻝـﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻭﺘـﻡ ﺍﺠـﺭﺍﺀ ﻋـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﻓﺤﺹ ﻫﻁـﻭل ﺍﻻﻨـﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﻭﺯﻤـﻥ ﺍﻻﻨـﺴﻴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ )‪ (V‬ﻭﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ )‪ (L‬ﻭﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸـﻜل ﺤـﺭﻑ‬
‫)‪ (U‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺤﺼﻠﺔ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺯﻤﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ )‪ (2.5%‬ﻤﻥ )‪ (Sika-viscocrete-1‬ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺎﺀ ‪ /‬ﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ )‪ (0.26‬ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Abstract:‬‬

‫‪Self – compacting concrete (SCC) is a new and emerging technology in the‬‬

‫‪construction industry . SCC is highly workable concrete that can flow through‬‬
‫‪congested reinforced structural elements under its own weight without the need for‬‬
‫‪vibration , and adequately fill voids without segregation or excessive bleeding .‬‬
‫‪The objective of this work is to prepare self – compacting concrete which involves‬‬
‫‪high deformability , ability to flow through spaces between steel reinforcing bars‬‬
‫‪without segregation or blocking . This is achieved by carring out tests employed by‬‬
‫‪professors Okamura and Kochi of university of technology , Japan .‬‬
‫‪Three concrete mixes are produced with high strength , each mix contains‬‬
‫)‪specific dosage of the chemical admixture named Sika Viscocrete-1 (2% , 2.2% , 2.5%‬‬
‫‪by weight of cement , and many tests are made to study the fresh properties for these‬‬
‫– ‪mixes , these tests are slump flow , flow time by using V – Funnel , L – box test and U‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪، ٢٠١٠/١٠/١٩‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ‪. ٢٠١١/٦/٢١‬‬
‫*‬
‫ﻤﺩﺭﺱ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ‪ /‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ – ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫– ‪box test . Results show that dosage 2.5% of Sika Viscocrete-1 can be used with water‬‬
‫‪cement ratio (0.26) in order to produce high strength self – Compacting concrete .‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻲ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻝﺏ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺹ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﺯﺍﺯﺍﺕ ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻫـﻭ ﺭﺹ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﺴﻁﺢ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﻠﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﻜﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻼﻨﻌﺯﺍل ]‪. [١،٢،٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻤل ﻫﻭ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤـﺩ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻀﺢ ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻼﺼﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘـﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﺘﻼﺼﻕ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ 70% - 50%‬ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴـﺎﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺭﺼﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻼﻨﻌﺯﺍل ‪ .‬ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﺨﺭ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝـﺭﺹ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺸﺩ ﺍﻻﻨﻔﻼﻕ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺴﺭ ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺒﺫﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻝـﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻴﺯﻫﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻝﺯﻭﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻝـﻰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻀﺦ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻭﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﻀﺦ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﺏ ]‪ . [٤‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻓﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺨﺘﺯل ﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝـﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴـﺎﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻘﻠل ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻤﻤﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﺸـﻜﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﻅﺔ ﺒﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺼﻌﺏ ﺭﺼﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻬﺯﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ]‪. [٥ ، ٤‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ‬

‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻜﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻀﺎﻓﺎﺕ )ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ( ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺒﻴﹰﺎ ]‪. [٧ ، ٦‬‬

‫‪ - ١‬ﺍﻝﺭﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ ١‬ﺍﻝﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻋﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻋﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻫﻭ ﻨﻔﺱ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤـﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻨﺘـﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻤﺎﺴﻙ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻭﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺍﻻﻨﻌﺯﺍل ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻀﺢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺭﻤل ﺍﻻﺨﻴﻀﺭ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼـﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ )‪. [٨] (١٩٨٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻝﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺸﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺸﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻫﻭ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻨﺘـﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻗﺼﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﺱ ﻝﻠﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺸﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻓﻴﺤـﺩﺩ ﺒﻌـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻭﺍﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻔـﺩﺭﺍﻝﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒـﻲ‬
‫)‪ [٦] (EFNARC‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﻗﺼﻰ ﻝﻠﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺸﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ‪ ٤٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ ‪ .‬ﻝﻜﻥ ﺒـﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺸﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺫﻭ ﻤﻘﺎﺱ ﺍﻗﺼﻰ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺤﺼﻰ ﻤﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﻤﻜﺴﺭ ﺫﻭ ﻤﻘﺎﺱ ﺍﻗﺼﻰ ‪ ١٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺒـﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻝـﺫﻱ ﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪. [٨] ١٩٨٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﻠﺔ ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻤﻴﻨﻭ – ﺴﻠﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻝﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﺴﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺨـﻭﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺴﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻌﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺘﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜـﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻝـﺴﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺴﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻔـﺩﺭﺍﻝﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒـﻲ )‪(EFNARC‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪ ٦٠٠ – ٣٥٠‬ﻜﻐﻡ ‪ /‬ﻡ‪ ٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ‪ .‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻫـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺘﺎﻜﺎﺅﻝﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ )‪ (Highly reactivity meta kaolin‬ﻭﺍﻝﻐﺒﺭﺓ )‪. (limestone powder‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺭﺘﻼﻨﺩﻱ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ )ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺄ( ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ )‪. [٩] (١٩٨٤‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻋﺠﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁ ﻝﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻨﻭﻋﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺩﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻠﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﺘﻔﻭﻗﺔ )‪ (Superplasticizers‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺼﻨﻑ ﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻠﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻜﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻠل ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻡ ﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ . %١٢‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﻤـﻀﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻼﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁ ‪ ١٥٠‬ﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ ‪ /‬ﻤﻠﻡ‪ . ٢‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪ ASTMC 494‬ﻨﻭﻉ ‪. [١٠] F‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻤﻀﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻝﻠﺯﻭﺠﺔ ﻝﻌﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺴﻠﻴﻠﻭﺯﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻭﻝﻴﻤﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻫﻭ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻝﺯﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﺘـﻡ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻠﺩﻥ ﻤﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﻭﻤﺒﻁﻰﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺭﻭﻑ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴـﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﺴـﻡ‬
‫)‪ (Sika-viscocrete-1‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪. [١٠] ASTM C494‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﻝﻠﺸﺭﺏ ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﻝﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ]‪ EFNARC [6] , Tvista [11] , Vachon [12] , Wustholz [13] , JSCE [14‬ﻭﻏﻴـﺭﻫﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻭﺍ ﺍﻥ ﺨﻠﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻴﺼﻨﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﻪ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺘﻭﻓﺭﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ‪- :‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻰﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ )‪. (Filling ability‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻌﺯﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ) ‪. (Segregation resistance‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ )‪. (passing ability‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻰﺀ )‪(Filling ability‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺠﺎﻨﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺼﺒﻬﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻝـﺏ ﻭﺍﺜﻨـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﻀﺒﺎﻥ ﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻭﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﺍﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺯﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٧‬ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻌﺯﺍل )‪(Segregation Resistance‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺍﻥ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﻭﺍﻝﺼﺏ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻤﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻻﻨﻌﺯﺍل ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٨‬ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ )‪(passing ability‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻀﻴﻘﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﻀﺒﺎﻥ ﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻨﻌﺯﺍل ﺍﻭ ﺍﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﻓﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ‬

‫ﻝﺤﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻝﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ‪ .‬ﻝﺫﺍ ﻭﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻜل ﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺤﺹ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻌﺯﺍل ﻭﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻰﺀ ﻭﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻐـﺭﺽ ]‪ ، [٦‬ﻭﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻏﻠﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﻻﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻴﺎﺒﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ١-٣‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﻫﻁﻭل ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﻭﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ )‪(Slump flow + T50‬‬

‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺭ ﺍﻻﻓﻘﻲ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝـﺭﺹ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻭﺍﺌﻕ ‪ .‬ﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﻬﻁﻭل ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻝﻘﺎﺒﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠـﻰﺀ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ‪ .‬ﺍﻤﺎ ﻓﺤﺹ ‪ T50‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ‪ ٥٠‬ﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ‪ 900 x 900‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻗل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺩﺓ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔـﺫﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﺢ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ -٢‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻁﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻝﻤﺨﺭﻭﻁ )‪ (Abrams‬ﻭﻴﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺭﻭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺭ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻴﻤﻸ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺭﻭﻁ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﺒﺤﺼﻭل ﺍﻱ ﺍﻫﺘﺯﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺹ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺭﻭﻁ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﻭﺒﺭﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺭﻴـﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﻘﻴـﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴـﺎﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﹸﺸﻐل ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺭﻭﻁ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻴﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻼﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺭ ‪ ٥٠٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴـﺕ ﺘﻤﺜـل ‪. T50‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﻤﻜﺘﻤ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻴﻘﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻫﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﺅﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻻﻗﺭﺏ ‪ ٥‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺅﺨﺫ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻝﻴﻤﺜل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﺒـ ﻤﻠﻡ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪ (١-٣‬ﻤﺨﺭﻭﻁ )‪ (Abrams‬ﻭﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪ (٢-٣‬ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٢-٣‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪V‬‬

‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﻼﺀ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻘﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺸﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋـﻥ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻤﻠـﻡ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ )‪ (Ozawa‬ﻫﻭ ﺃﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺍﺒﺘﻜﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻴﺎﺒﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻴﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪ V‬ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺜﺎﺒﺘـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﺭﺽ ﻤـﺴﻁﺤﺔ ﻤـﺴﺘﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺭﻁﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﻤﻊ ﻭﺘﻐﻠﻕ ﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻠﻰﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﻤﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻱ ﻀﻐﻁ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻔﻠﻰ ﻝﻠﻘﻤﻊ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ ‪ 2 ± 10‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﺸﻐل ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻴﻘﺎﻑ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻔﻠﻰ ﻝﻠﻘﻤﻊ ﻭﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﻗﺩ ﺴﺠﻠﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻡ ﻝﻼﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻘﻤﻊ ‪ V‬ﻤﻌﺒﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺒـ ﺍﻝـ )‪. (TV‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪ (٣-٣‬ﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻔﺤﺹ ‪V – Funnel‬‬

‫)‪(L – Box Test‬‬ ‫‪ ٣-٣‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪L‬‬

‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﻫﻭ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻭﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﻀﺒﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ‪ .‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺴﺘﺼل ﺍﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻓﺘﺤـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﻀﺒﺎﻥ ﺤﺩﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﺩﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺽ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻴﻤﻸ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺎﺭﺏ ‪ ١٣‬ﻝﺘﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺘﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻝﺘﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻤﺩﺓ ‪ 15 ± 60‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﺤـﺼﻭل ﺍﻭ ﻋـﺩﻡ ﺤـﺼﻭل ﻅـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﻌﺯﺍل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺘﹸﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﻭﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﻝﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻻﻓﻘﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺨﻠﻑ ﻗﻀﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﺒﻌﺩ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺘﺼل ﺍﻝﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻻﻓﻘﻲ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ H2 / H1‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪. (٤-٣‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪ (٤-٣‬ﺸﻜل ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺤﺹ ‪L – Box‬‬

‫‪ ٤-٣‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪(U –Box Test) U‬‬

‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﻫﻭ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻰﺀ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻁﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻝﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺼﻠﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺘﻤﺘﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪. U‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺘﻤﻸ ﺍﺤﺩﻯ ﺤﺠﺭﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺒﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﻭﺍﻝﻲ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻝﺘﺭ ﻭﺘﺘﺭﻙ ﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻝﻜﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﻘﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺴﺩﻝﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻴﻘﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻭﻝﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﻴﺅﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﻝﻬـﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ )‪ (H1‬ﻭﻴﺤـﺴﺏ ﺍﺭﺘﻔـﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺨﻠﻑ ﻗﻀﺒﺎﻥ ﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ )‪ (H2‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ H2 – H1‬ﺘﻤﺜل ﻋﻤﻕ ﺍﻻﻤﻼﺀ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪ (٥-٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪. U‬‬

‫ﻭﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﻠﻔﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ )‪. (EFNARC‬‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﻠﻔﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ‬
 ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ‬
‫‪ ٦٥٠ – ٨٠٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻁﻭل ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ )‪(Slump Flow‬‬
‫‪ ٢ – ٥‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ‪ T50‬ﺒﻔﺤﺹ ﻫﻁﻭل ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ‬
‫)‪(T50 cm Slump Flow‬‬
‫‪ ٦ – ١٢‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪(V – Funnel) V‬‬
‫‪0.8 – 1‬‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪(L – Box) L‬‬
‫)‪(H2 / H1‬‬
‫‪ ٠ – ٣٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪(U – Box) U‬‬
‫)‪(H2 – H1‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺼﻤﻤﺕ ﻝﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ‪ 50N/mm‬ﺒﻌﻤﺭ )‪ (٢٨‬ﻴـﻭﻡ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺎﺀ ‪/‬ﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ )‪ (0.448‬ﻭﻫﻁﻭل ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ ‪ 180 ± 10‬ﻤﻠﻡ ‪ .‬ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢‬ﻴﻭﻀـﺢ ﺘﻔﺎﺼـﻴل ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺼﺏ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺨﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻝﻰ ‪ :‬ﻫـﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁـﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴـﺔ ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺍﻋﻁـﺕ ﻫﻁـﻭل ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ ‪ ١٨٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻨـﻀﻐﺎﻁ ﻤﻘـﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ 51.9 N/mm2‬ﺒﻌﻤﺭ )‪ (٢٨‬ﻴﻭﻡ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻋﻁﺕ ﻫﻁﻭل ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ ‪ ٦٦٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ‪ 42.8 N/mm2‬ﺒﻌﻤﺭ )‪(٢٨‬‬
‫ﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻗل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﻤـل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻠﺯﻭﺠﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻝﻠﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﻁـﻲ ﺨﺭﺴـﺎﻨﺔ ﻁﺭﻴـﺔ ﻀـﻌﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺎﺴﻙ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﻌﺯﺍل ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻀﺢ ﻴﺅﺜﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝـﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻁﺌﺔ ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ‪ Sika – Viscocrete – 1‬ﺒﻨـﺴﺔ ‪ 2%‬ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺎﺀ ‪ /‬ﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ )‪ (0.3‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻋﻁﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ‬
‫ﻫﻁﻭل ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ‪ ٦٥٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪-‬‬
‫ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ‪ 8 sec‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪-‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪ V‬ﺍﻋﻁﻰ ‪ 15 sec‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪ 0.875 = H2 / H1 L‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫـ‪ -‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪ 25 mm = H2 – H1 U‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻋﻁﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ‪ 63.6 N/mm2‬ﺒﻌﻤﺭ )‪ (٢٨‬ﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻤـﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴـﺎﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ‪ Sika-Viscocrete-1‬ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ 2.2%‬ﻤﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺎﺀ ‪ /‬ﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ )‪ (0.28‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻋﻁﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﻫﻁﻭل ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ‪ ٦٨٥‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ‪ 6 sec‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪ V‬ﺍﻋﻁﻰ ‪ 12 sec‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪ 0.92 = H2 / H1 L‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫـ‪ -‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪ 10 mm = H2 – H1 U‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﻋﻁﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ‪ 67.4 N/mm2‬ﺒﻌﻤﺭ )‪ (٢٨‬ﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻤـﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴـﺎﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ‪ Sika – Viscocrete-1‬ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ 2.5%‬ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺎﺀ ‪ /‬ﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ )‪ (0.26‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﺤﺹ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﻫﻁﻭل ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ‪ 705mm‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ‪ 5 sec‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪ V‬ﻜﺎﻥ ‪ 10 sec‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪ 1.0 = H2 / H1 L‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫـ‪ -‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻑ ‪ 0.0 mm = H2 – H1 U‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ‪ Sika – Viscocrete – 1‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﻭ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻴـل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝـﺙ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻠﺩﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻔﻭﻗﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻨﺔ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﺌﻘﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺴﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻤﺎﺴﻜﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﻓﺎﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﻭﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺏ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻬﺯﺍﺯﺍﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣‬ﻭﺍﻻﺸﻜﺎل )‪ (٥ ، ٤ ، ٣ ، ٢ ، ١‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ )‪ (Sika – Viscocrete – 1‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻝﻠﺨﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺜﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ )‪ (Sika-Viscocrete-1‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺤـﺼﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫)‪ (0.26‬ﻫﻲ ‪ 2.5%‬ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻲ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺎﺀ ‪ /‬ﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻁﺌﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ‪.‬‬
 ‫( ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬٢) ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬

‫@ط‬ABCD‫ ا‬FG‫@و‬IG ‫ل‬SN‫ه‬ ‫ل‬SNhP‫ا‬ / ‫@ء‬WP‫ ا‬FfXC Sika-viscocrete-1 ‫@ء‬WP‫ا‬ ^_UP‫ا‬ \G]P‫ا‬ ‫ى‬STUG FNLOP‫ ا‬KQ‫ا‬
٣ ٣ ٣
٢KLG/JC ‫@ب‬kXCD‫ا‬ (KLG) JVWXP‫ا‬ ‫ وزن‬cG FdSeG FfXC ‫م‬/KA‫آ‬ ‫م‬/KA‫آ‬ ‫م‬/KA‫آ‬ JVWXP‫ا‬
٣
‫م‬Sd ٢٨ ‫@م‬d‫ ا‬٧ (KLG) JVWXP‫ا‬ ‫م‬/KA‫آ‬
51.9 36.2 - 180 0.448 - 246.4 ٩٣٧ ٦٢٥ ٥٥٠ Fkno]WP‫ ا‬FNLOP‫ا‬
42.8 26.4 660 - 0.583 - 320.7 ٩٣٧ ٦٢٥ ٥٥٠ ‫@ف‬BG ‫ون‬uv ‫]ص‬P‫ ا‬Fkx‫ ذا‬FC@Q]z
63.6 52.4 650 - 0.3 2.0 165.0 ٩٣٧ ٦٢٥ ٥٥٠ ‫@ف‬BG 2.0% {G ‫]ص‬P‫ ا‬Fkx‫ ذا‬FC@Q]z
67.4 57.1 685 - 0.28 2.2 154.0 ٩٣٧ ٦٢٥ ٥٥٠ ‫@ف‬BG 2.2% {G ‫]ص‬P‫ ا‬Fkx‫ ذا‬FC@Q]z
80.2 65.2 705 - 0.26 2.5 143.0 ٩٣٧ ٦٢٥ ٥٥٠ ‫@ف‬BG 2.5% {G ‫]ص‬P‫ ا‬Fkx‫ ذا‬FC@Q]z

‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁ‬Sika-viscocrete-1 ‫( ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬٣) ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬

٢
KLG / JC ‫@ط‬ABCD‫ ا‬FG‫@و‬IG ‫]ص‬P‫ ا‬Fkx‫ ذا‬FC@Q]OLP \kA|TP‫ ا‬FkLv@} ~U ‫]ق‬ JVWXP‫ ا‬/ ‫@ء‬WP‫ ا‬FfXC cG FdSeG FfXV‫@ف آ‬BWP‫ ا‬FfXC
‫م‬Sd ٢٨ ‫@م‬d‫ أ‬٧ JVWXP‫وزن ا‬
‫@ب‬kXCD‫ل ا‬SN‫ه‬ 650 mm
‫@ب‬kXCD‫ ا‬cG‫ز‬ 8 sec
63.6 52.4 V ‫^ …„\ ƒ]ف‬L† {WIP‫~ ا‬U 15 sec 0.3 2.0
(H2 / H1) L ‫^ …„\ ƒ]ف‬L† ‫وق‬uV_P‫~ ا‬U 0.875
(H2 – H1) U ‫^ …„\ ƒ]ف‬L† ‫وق‬uV_P‫~ ا‬U 25 mm
‫@ب‬kXCD‫ل ا‬SN‫ه‬ 685
‫@ب‬kXCD‫ ا‬cG‫ز‬ 6 sec
67.4 57.1 V ‫^ …„\ ƒ]ف‬L† {WIP‫~ ا‬U 12 sec 0.28 2.2
(H2 / H1) L ‫^ …„\ ƒ]ف‬L† ‫وق‬uV_P‫~ ا‬U 0.92
(H2 – H1) U ‫^ …„\ ƒ]ف‬L† ‫وق‬uV_P‫~ ا‬U 10 mm
‫@ب‬kXCD‫ل ا‬SN‫ه‬ 705 mm
‫@ب‬kXCD‫ ا‬cG‫ز‬ 5 sec
80.2 65.2 V ‫^ …„\ ƒ]ف‬L† {WIP‫~ ا‬U 10 sec 0.26 2.5
(H2 / H1) L ‫^ …„\ ƒ]ف‬L† ‫وق‬uV_P‫~ ا‬U 1.0
(H2 – H1) U ‫^ …„\ ƒ]ف‬L† ‫وق‬uV_P‫~ ا‬U 0.0 mm
 ‫‪710‬‬

‫‪700‬‬

‫‪690‬‬

‫‪680‬‬
‫ه
ل اب )(‬

‫‪670‬‬
‫‪Series2‬‬
‫‪660‬‬

‫‪650‬‬

‫‪640‬‬

‫‪630‬‬

‫‪620‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2.5‬‬
‫ اف ا ‪%‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﻫﻁﻭل ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫‪sec‬ز اب‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Series2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ اف ا ‪%‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ‬

 ‫‪16‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪12‬‬
‫‪V-Funnel‬ز ‪sec‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫‪Series2‬‬
‫‪6‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2.3 5‬‬
‫ اف ا ‪%‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻤﻥ ‪V-Funnel‬‬

‫‪1.02‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪0.98‬‬
‫‪0.96‬‬
‫‪0.94‬‬
‫‪0.92‬‬
‫‪H2 / H1‬‬

‫‪0.9‬‬ ‫‪Series2‬‬

‫‪0.88‬‬
‫‪0.86‬‬
‫‪0.84‬‬
‫‪0.82‬‬
‫‪0.8‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ اف ا ‪%‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ ‪H2/H1‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪(H2-H1) mm‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
‫‪Series2‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ اف ا ‪%‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻭ ‪H2-H1‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬
 ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ )‪ (SCC‬ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻠﹼل ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﺘﻔﻭﻗﺔ ﺯﺍﺌﺩﹰﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺒـﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻝﻠﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻰ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺘﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺩﻴﻤﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻁﺌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ )‪ (Sika-viscocrete-1‬ﻓﺎﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻁﺭﻴـﺔ ﺴـﻬﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺏ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺭﺹ ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﺌﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺴﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻤﺎﺴﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻭﺯﻤﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ )‪ (%2.2‬ﻤﻥ )‪ (Sika-visscocrete-1‬ﻤﻊ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺎﺀ ‪ /‬ﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ )‪ (0.28‬ﻓﺎﻨﻪ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ ﺍﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ )‪ 67.4‬ﻨﺕ ‪ /‬ﻤﻠﻡ‪ (٢‬ﺒﻌﻤﺭ )‪(٢٨‬‬
‫ﻴﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ )‪ 51.9‬ﻨﺕ ‪ /‬ﻤﻠﻡ‪ (٢‬ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴـﺔ ﻭ )‪ 42.8‬ﻨﺕ ‪ /‬ﻤﻠﻡ‪ (٢‬ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨـﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻝﻴـﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫)‪. (Sika-viscocrete-1‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻭﺯﻤﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ )‪ (%2.5‬ﻤﻥ )‪ (Sika-viscrocrete-1‬ﻤﻊ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺎﺀ ‪ /‬ﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ )‪ (0.26‬ﻓﺎﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻰ ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ )‪ 80.2‬ﻨﺕ ‪ /‬ﻤﻠﻡ‪ (٢‬ﺒﻌﻤﺭ‬
‫)‪ (٢٨‬ﻴﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ )‪ 51.9‬ﻨﺕ ‪ /‬ﻤﻠﻡ‪ (٢‬ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﻭ )‪ 42.8‬ﻨﺕ ‪ /‬ﻤﻠﻡ‪ (٢‬ﻝﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫)‪. (Sika-viscocrete-1‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺭﺘﻼﻨﺩﻱ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ )ﻝﺒﻨـﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨـﺸﺄ( ﺍﻝﻤﻁـﺎﺒﻕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٨٤‬ﻝﺫﺍ ﻨﻭﺼﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻘﻠل ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﺘﻔﻭﻗﺔ ﺯﺍﺌﺩﹰﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺒﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ )‪ (Sika-viscocrete-1‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪ ASTMC 494‬ﻝﺫﺍ ﻨﻭﺼﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻨـﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﺨـﺭﻯ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻓﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺨﺸﻥ ﻤﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﻤﻜﺴ‪‬ﺭ ﺫﻭ ﻤﻘﺎﺱ ﺍﻗﺼﻰ ‪ ١٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼـﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٨٤‬ﻨﻭﺼﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻭﻱ ﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺹ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﺫﺍ ﻨﻭﺼﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺨﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﻭﻭﺍﻁﺌﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‪:‬‬
1- Al – Qaisy , W. , "Steel Fiber Reinforced Ultra High Performance Self – Compacting
Concrete" , ph . D. Thesis , Submitted to the Department of Building and Construction
Engineering , University of Technology , 2006 .
2- Hadhrati , H. , "Mechanical Properties of Self – Compacting High Performance Structural
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete" , M. Sc. Thesis , Submitted to the Department of
Building and Construction Engineering , University of Technology , 2006 .
3- Kbaleel , O. "The Effect of Coarse Aggregate Properties on the Behavior of Self –
Compacting Concrete" M. Sc. Thesis , Submitted to the Department of Building and
Construction Engineering , University of Technology , 2007 .
4- Horta A., "Evaluation of Self – Consolidating Concrete for Bridge structure Applications" ,
M. Sc. Thesis , Georgia Institute of Technology , 2005 .
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volumes of class F fly Ash : Preliminary Results" , Cement and Concrete Research ,
Vol. 31 , No. 3 , Mar. 2001 , pp. 413 – 420 .
6- " The European Guidelines for Self – Compacting Concrete ; Specification , Production
and Use" , May , 2005 .
7- GRACE , Construction products "Materials for Self – Consolidating Concrete (Scc)" ,
Technical Bulletin TB – 1502 www.graceconstruction.com .
‫ "ﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ" ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬١٩٨٤ ‫( ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬٤٥) ‫ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬-٨
. ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻝﻠﺘﻘﻴﻴﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ "ﺍﻻﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺭﺘﻼﻨﺩﻱ" ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜـﺯﻱ ﻝﻠﺘﻘﻴـﻴﺱ ﻭﺍﻝـﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ‬١٩٨٤ ‫( ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬٥) ‫ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬-٩
.‫ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
10- ASTM C 494 – 03 "Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete"
Annual Book of ASTM Standard American Socitey for Testing and Materials , Vol.
04 – 02 , 2003 .
11- Tviksta , L.G., "Guide line for SCC", Brite EuRam, Task , End product , (2000) pp. 3–11 .
12- Vachon M. , "ASTM puts Self – Compacting Concrete to the Test" ASTM Standardization
News , 2002 .
13- Wusthoiz T. , "Fresh Properties of Self – Compacting Concrete (SCC) " Otto – Graf –
Journal Vol. 14 , 2003 .
14- JSCE , "Recommendation for Self –Compacting Concrete" , Tokyo – Japan , Society of
Civil Engineers , Concrete Engineers Series 31 , 1999.