WOLDIA UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Engineering Thermodynamics II: Worksheet two
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Example 2.1. A tank contains air at 21 kg of dry air and 0.3 kg of water vapor at 300C and 100 kPa total pressure.
Determine,
(a) the specific humidity (ω ¿
(b) the relative humidity (ϕ ¿, and
(c) the volume of the tank (V ¿

Solution

Assumptions: The air and the water vapor are ideal gases.

Analysis

The tank

(a) The specific humidity can be determined form its definition,

m v 0.3 kg
ω= = = 0.0143 kg of H2O/kg of dry air
m a 21 kg
(b) The saturation pressure of water at 30°C is

pg = psat @ 30°C = 4.2469 kPa ( check the value from saturation tables of water!)

Then the relative humidity can be determined from

ωP (0.0143)(100 kPa)
ϕ= = =52.9 %
(0.622+ω) Pg (0.622+ 0.0143)(4.2469 kPa)

(c) The volume of the tank can be determined from the ideal gas relation for the dry air,

Pv = ϕ P g=( 0.529 ) ( 4.2469 kPa ) =2.245 kPa

Pa = P - Pv = 100 – 2.245 = 97.755 kPa

ma R T
V= a
= (21 kg) ¿ ¿ = 18.7m3
Pa

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Problem 2.1. Repeat the above example for a temperature of 24°C.(Use linear interpolation method)

Example 2.2. A room contains air at 200C and 98 kPa at a relative humidity of 85 percent.
Determine,
(a) the partial pressure of dry air (Pa),
(b) the specific humidity of air (ω ¿ , and
(c) the enthalpy per unit mass of dry air (h / kg of dry air).

Solution
Assumptions: The air and the water vapor are ideal gases.
Analysis
(a) The partial pressure of dry air can be determined from
Pv = ϕ P g =ϕ psat @ 20°C = (0.85)(2.3392kPa) = 1.988kPa
Pa = P - Pv = 98 - 1.988 = 96.01kPa
(b) The specific humidity of air is determined from
0.622 P v 0.622(1.988 kPa)
ω= = = 0.0129 kg H2O / kg of dry air
P−Pv (98−1.988)kPa
(c) The enthalpy of air per unit mass of dry air is determined from
h=ha + ωhv ≅ cpT + ωhg
= (1.005 kJ/kg. 0C)(200C) + (0.0129)(2537.4 kJ/kg) = 52.78 kJ/kg dry air

Problem 2.2. Repeat example 2.2 for a pressure of 85 kPa.

Example 2.3.The dry- and wet-bulb temperatures of atmospheric air at 95 kPa are 25 0C and 170C, respectively. Determine,
(a) the specific humidity
(b) the relative humidity
(c) the enthalpy of the air, in kJ/kg dry air.

Solution
The dry- and wet-bulb temperatures of atmospheric air at a specified pressure are given. The specific humidity, the
relative humidity, and the enthalpy of air are to be determined.
Assumptions: The air and the water vapor are ideal gases.
Analysis
(a) The specific humidity ω1 is determined from
c p(T −T ¿ )+ω h
2 1 2 fg 2
ω1 = ¿
hg 1−hf 2
where T2 is the wet-bulb temperature, and ω 2 is determined from
0.622 P g 2 ( 0.622)(1.938 kPa)
ω 2= = = 0.01295kg of H2O / kg of dry air
P2−Pg 2 (95−1.938)kPa

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Problem 2.3. The air in a room has a dry-bulb temperature of 22°C and a wet-bulb temperature of 16°C. Assuming a
pressure of 100 kPa, determine
(a) the specific humidity,
(b) the relative humidity, and
(c) the dew-point temperature.
Example 2.4. The air in a room is at 1 atm, 320C, and 60 percent relative humidity. Determine
(a) the specific humidity
(b) the enthalpy (in kJ/kg dry air),
(c) the wet-bulb temperature,
(d) the dew-point temperature, and
(e) the specific volume of the air (in m 3/kg dry air)
Use the psychrometeric chart!

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 Psychrometric chart for 1 atm pressure only!

Solution
The pressure, temperature, and relative humidity of air in a room are specified. Using the psychrometric chart, the
specific humidity, the enthalpy, the wet-bulb temperature, the dew-point temperature, and the specific volume of
the air are to be determined.
Analysis: From the psychrometric chart above we read
(a) ω = 0.0181 kg H2O/kg of dry air
(b) h = 78. kJ / kg dry air
(c) Twb = 25.50C
(d) Tdp = 23.30C
(e) ν = 0.890 m3/kg dry air
Problem2.4. A room contains air at 1 atm, 26°C, and 70 percent relative humidity. Using the psychrometric chart,
determine
(a) the specific humidity,
(b) the enthalpy (in kJ/kg dry air),
(c) the wet-bulb temperature,
(d ) the dew-point temperature, and
(e) the specific volume of the air (in m 3/kg dry air).
Problem2.5.The air in a room has a pressure of 1 atm, a dry-bulb temperature of 24°C, and a wet-bulb temperature of
17°C. Using the psychrometric chart,
determine
(a) the specific humidity,
(b) the enthalpy (in kJ/kg dry air),
(c) the relative humidity,
(d ) the dew-point temperature, and
(e) the specific volume of the air (in m3/kg dry air).

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