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Lesson 5: Data Presentation: Textual or Narrative Presentation

The document discusses methods for presenting data, including textual, tabular, and graphical approaches. It reviews concepts taught from grades 1 to 10, and provides examples of frequency distribution tables and histograms as specialized forms of tabular and graphical presentation used to depict the distribution of data. The lesson aims to help students identify and use appropriate methods to effectively present information from a data set.

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Levi Corral
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96 views6 pages

Lesson 5: Data Presentation: Textual or Narrative Presentation

The document discusses methods for presenting data, including textual, tabular, and graphical approaches. It reviews concepts taught from grades 1 to 10, and provides examples of frequency distribution tables and histograms as specialized forms of tabular and graphical presentation used to depict the distribution of data. The lesson aims to help students identify and use appropriate methods to effectively present information from a data set.

Uploaded by

Levi Corral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 5: Data Presentation

OVERVIEW OF LESSON
In this lesson we enrich what the students have already learned from Grade 1 to 10 about
presenting data. Additional concepts could help the students to appropriately describe further the
data set.

LEARNING OUTCOME(S): At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to identify and
use the appropriate method of presenting information from a data set effectively.
LESSON OUTLINE:
1. Review of Lessons in Data Presentation taken up from Grade 1 to 10.
2. Methods of Data Presentation
3. The Frequency Distribution Table and Histogram

DEVELOPMENT OF THE LESSON


A. Review of Lessons in Data Presentation taken up from Grade 1 to 10.
You could assist the students to recall what they have learned in Grade 1 to 10 regarding data
presentation by asking them to participate in an activity. The activity is called ‘Toss the Ball’.
This is actually a review and wake-up exercise. Toss a ball to a student and he/she will give the
most important concept he/she learned about data presentation. You may list on the board their
responses. You could summarize their responses to be able to establish what they already know
about data presentation techniques and from this you could build other concepts on the topic. A
suggestion is to classify their answers according to the three methods of data presentation, i.e.
textual, tabular and graphical. A possible listing will be something like this:

Textual or Narrative Presentation:


Detailed information are given in textual presentation
Narrative report is a way to present data.
Tabular Presentation:
Numerical values are presented using tables.
Information are lost in tabular presentation of data.
Frequency distribution table is also applicable for qualitative variables
Graphical Presentation:
Trends are easily seen in graphs compared to tables.
It is good to present data using pictures or figures like the pictograph.
Pie charts are used to present data as part of one whole.
Line graphs are for time-series data.
It is better to present data using graphs than tables as they are much better to look at.

B. Main Lesson
1. Methods of Data Presentation
You could inform the students that in general there are three methods to present data. Two or
all of these three methods could be used at the same time to present appropriately the
information from the data set. These methods include the (1) textual or narrative; (2) tabular;
and (3) graphical method of presentation.
In presenting the data in textual or paragraph or narrative form, one describes the data by
enumerating some of the highlights of the data set like giving the highest, lowest or the
average values. In case there are only few observations, say less than ten observations, the
values could be enumerated if there is a need to do so. An example of which is shown below:

The country’s poverty incidence among families as reported by the Philippine


Statistics Authority (PSA), the agency mandated to release official poverty
statistics, decreases from 21% in 2006 down to 19.7% in 2012. For 2012, the
regional estimates released by PSA indicate that the Autonomous Region of Muslim
Mindanao (ARMM) is the poorest region with poverty incidence among families
estimated at 48.7%. The region with the smallest estimated poverty incidence
among families at 2.6% is the National Capital Region (NCR).

Data could also be summarized or presented using tables. The tabular method of presentation
is applicable for large data sets. Trends could easily be seen in this kind of presentation.
However, there is a loss of information when using such kind of presentation. The frequency
distribution table is the usual tabular form of presenting the distribution of the data. The
following are the common parts of a statistical table:
a. Table title includes the number and a short description of what is found inside the table.
b. Column header provides the label of what is being presented in a column.
c. Row header provides the label of what is being presented in a row.
d. Body are the information in the cell intersecting the row and the column.

In general, a table should have at least three rows and/or three columns. However, too many
information to convey in a table is also not advisable. Tables are usually used in written technical
reports and in oral presentation. Table 5.1 is an example of presenting data in tabular form. This
example was taken from 2015 Philippine Statistics in Brief, a regular publication of the PSA
which is also the basis for the example of the textual presentation given above.

Table 5.1 Regional estimates of poverty incidence among families based on


the Family Income and Expenditures Survey conducted on the
same year of reporting.
Graphical presentation on the other hand, is a visual presentation of the data. Graphs are
commonly used in oral presentation. There are several forms of graphs to use like the pie chart,
pictograph, bar graph, line graph, histogram and box-plot. Which form to use depends on what
information is to be relayed. For example, trends across time are easily seen using a line graph.
However, values of variables in nominal or ordinal levels of measurement should not be
presented using line graph. Rather a bar graph is more appropriate to use. A graphical
presentation in the form of vertical bar graph of the 2012 regional estimates of poverty incidence
among families is shown below:
2. The Frequency Distribution Table and Histogram
A special type of tabular and graphical presentation is the frequency distribution table (FDT) and
its corresponding histogram. Specifically, these are used to depict the distribution of the data.
Most of the time, these are used in technical reports. An FDT is a presentation containing non-
overlapping categories or classes of a variable and the frequencies or counts of the observations
falling into the categories or classes. There are two types of FDT according to the type of data
being organized: a qualitative FDT or a quantitative FDT. For a qualitative FDT, the non-
overlapping categories of the variable are identified, and frequencies, as well as the percentages
of observations falling into the categories, are computed. On the other hand, for a quantitative
FDT, there are also of two types: ungrouped and grouped. Ungrouped FDT is constructed when
there are only a few observations or if the data set contains only few possible values. On the
other hand, grouped FDT is constructed when there is a large number of observations and when
the data set involves many possible values. The distinct values are grouped into class intervals.
The creation of columns for a grouped FDT follows a set of guidelines.

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