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Gyroscopic Couple With Airplanes

The document discusses gyroscopic couple effects on airplanes. It provides an example of an airplane making a left half circle turn of 35 meters radius at 250 km/hr with a 300kg rotary engine rotating clockwise at 2000 rpm. [1] The gyroscopic couple on the aircraft from the rotating engine is calculated to be 31.0992 kN.m. [2] This gyroscopic couple will cause the airplane to pitch down, so the pilot must adjust control surfaces to counteract this moment and maintain level flight. [3] The document explains how the spinning angular momentum of the engine and circularly polarized light can similarly induce gyroscopic precession and torques.

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108 views6 pages

Gyroscopic Couple With Airplanes

The document discusses gyroscopic couple effects on airplanes. It provides an example of an airplane making a left half circle turn of 35 meters radius at 250 km/hr with a 300kg rotary engine rotating clockwise at 2000 rpm. [1] The gyroscopic couple on the aircraft from the rotating engine is calculated to be 31.0992 kN.m. [2] This gyroscopic couple will cause the airplane to pitch down, so the pilot must adjust control surfaces to counteract this moment and maintain level flight. [3] The document explains how the spinning angular momentum of the engine and circularly polarized light can similarly induce gyroscopic precession and torques.

Uploaded by

Mhamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Univerity of Kirkuk

College of engineering

.Mechanical dept

Third stage (morning study)

Gyroscopic Couple with airplanes

Supervised by : mr. Rawand Jalal

Prepared by: Bnar Omar Ali


Introduction Optical forces have been found to cause significant mechanical displacement if light
is confined to structures micro- or nano-scale [1]. Scattering optical forces [2-4] and gradient
optical forces [5, 6], both originating from the linear momentum of light, have been demonstrated.
Here we exploit gyroscopic precession induced by the angular momentum of circularly polarized
.light to control MEMS deformation

As shown in Fig 1a when a turboprop airplane takes a turn with its propeller ratating it will feel a
gyroscopic "nose down", pitch, effect [7]. To maintain level flight, the pilot has to adjust the
control surfaces and let aerodynamic forces exerted on the airframe counteract this gyroscopic
moment. Similarly, in optics, each photon in a circularly polarized beam must carry spin angular
momentum of +ħ or -ħ directed parallel to propagation, associated with the right-handed or left-
handed circular polarization state of light [8]. Therefore, if we let a circularly polarized beam
propagate along a curved trajectory in a bent nano-waveguide (Fig la), then distributed will
.waveguide. This torque is expected to deform the waveguide, as calculated in Fig Ib
Fig 1: Gyroscopic precession by light. (a) Analogy between a propeller and photon. When a
turboprop airplane takes a turm with its propeller rotating, gyroscopic moment will arise and
cause the airplane to dip. Similarly, cach photon in a circularly polarized beam carries angular
momentum. When this beam of light propagates inside a bent nano-waveguide, gyroscopic
moment will cause the waveguide to deflect from its original position. (b) A tapered waveguide
bent into a U shape will exhibit a significant deflection when excited with an input light. The
black curve indicates the original shape and the colored curve indicates the deflected shape with
.the amplitude of deformation greatly exaggerated for clarity

.Direction of angular momentum will be same as angular velocity

H = mvk = mwkk =mk2w =Iw where I= mk2

The gyroscopic couple is given as C = wp ws , where wpws is the acceleration components. The
direction of torque vector will be along the spin vector on rotating spin vector by 90° in the
direction of precession vector (as shown in Figure 2) .

Figure 2. Gyroscopic Torque

To cause precession of a spinning body, an external torque must be applied to the body (rotor) in a
plane nomal to the plane in which the spin axis is precessing. Our objective is to determine the
required external torque to produce precession motion as specified or vice versa.
Gyroscopic action on aeroplane structure: Let C be the couple on the rotor by the plane or
extemal couple the – Cwill be the reaction of the plane on the rotor.

Fig3.Motion of an aeroplane Fig4 .Gyroscopic couple on the aeroplane

Effect of the Gyroscopic Couple on an Aero-plane

The top and front view of an aero-plane are shown in Fig -

Let engine or propeller rotates in the clockwise direction when seen from the rear or tail end - .
.and the aero-plane takes a turn to the left
The following is an example problem on gyroscopic couple aeroplan :

An aeroplan makes a complete half circle of 35 meters radius , towards left,when flying at 250
km per hr. The rotary engine and the propeller of the plane has a mass of 300kg and a radius of
gyration of 0.5m. The engine rotates at 2000 r.p.m. clockwise when viewed from the rear. Find
the gyroscopic couple on the aircraft and state its effect on it .

Solution :

Given : R= 35 , V= 250 km/h = 69.44 , m= 300 kg , K= 0.5 , N= 2000 r.p.m

w=2 π N/60
w=2 * 3.14 * 2000 / 60 = 209 rad/s

I=m.k2 = 300 * (0.5)2 = 75kg.m2

wp =v/R

wp = 69.44 / 35 =1.984 rad/s

C= I *w* wp

C =209*75*1.984= 31099.2 N.m

=31.0992 kN.m

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