EXERCISE 1

A. Define or explain each of the following very briefly.

1-2 Rizal Law

Republic Act 1425, mandates the teaching of the life , works and writings of Rizal in all school in
the country.

3-4 Taft Commission

The Taft Commission, also known as Second Philippine Commission was established by United
States President William McKinley on March 16, 1900, following the recommendations of the
First Philippine Commission.

5-6 Act No. 137

Rizal province, formerly part of the province manila, was named again his honor.

7-8 Martyrdom of Gomburza

The martyrdom of these three priest led Rizal to be awakened to the abuses of the regime and
at the same time led him to devote himself in the future to avenge the victims of injustices and
cruelties of the Spanish colonizers.

9-10 Propaganda Movement

A peaceful crusades for reforms done by means of pen and tounge which began in 1872 and
ended in 1892.

Tenets of Liberal Democracy Rizal Advocated

11. The worth and dignity of the individual

12. The inviolability of human rights

13. The innate equality of all men and races

14. The necessity for constitutional government

15. Due process of law

16. Popular sovereignty as the basis of all political authority;

17. Faith in human reason and enlightenment;

18. The rights of the masses to public education

Significant Every in Rizal's Life as a student at Ateneo Municipal

19. Strengthening of his religious foundation.

20. Cultivating of the drive toward excellence.

21. Conception of the Philippines as his fatherland.

22. Envisioning the Philippines receiving Light thru education and

23. Perception of the intimate alliance between religion and education.

Objectives in Teaching the Life, Works and Writings of Rizal based on RA 1425

24. To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism, for which our
heroes lived and died.

25. To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works in shaping the Filipino
characters.

26. To gain an inspiring source of patriotism thru this study of Rizal's life, works and writings.

Patriotic Goals identified by the National Board of Education in Teaching Rizal Course in
Colleges and Universities

27. To recognized the relevance of Rizal's ideas , thought, teaching, and life values to present
conditions in the community.

28. To apply Rizal's ideas in the solution of the day-to-day situations and life values to present
conditions in the community.

29. To develop an understanding and appreciation of the qualities, behavior and character of
Rizal.

30. To foster the development of moral character, personal discipline, citizenship and
vocational efficiency among the Filipino youth.

C. Prove or contradict the following statements.

31-35 Rizal is the First Filipino.

According to Guerrero, Rizal was the first Filipino. This was because it was Rizal who first called
the Philippines his fatherland. It was he who taught his country men that they could have
something else, Filipinos who were members of the Filipino nation. He was the first to work
towards the unification of the Philippine archipelago to a compact and homogeneous body
based on common interest and mutual protection.

36-40 Rizal is an American-sponsored hero.

Rizal is an American-sponsored hero, He opted for a non violence reform in the government.
Instead he used his writings to open the eyes of the Filipinos. He dedicated his life for his
countrymen without hesitation.

The Americans decided for him being a nataional hero at their time in the country. It is said that
the Americans, Civil Governor William Howard Taft, chose Jose Rizal to be the national hero as a
strategy. Rizal didn't want bloody revolution in his time. So they wanted him to be a "good
example" to the Filipinos so that the people will not revolt against the Americans. Rizal became
a National Hero because he passed the criteria by being a National Hero during the American
period.

41-45 Rizal is the first exponent of nationalism in Asia.

Rizal was the first exponent of Asian Nationalism since he was the source of inspiration for the
outbreak of the Philippine resolution of 1896. Although Rizal opposed the revolution because it
was premature and inadequately organized, the revolution broke out, which can be considered
the first genuine uprising by an asan people against western colonialism.

46-50 Rizal is the pioneer exponent of Liberal democracy in Asia.

Fisher (1962) even called Rizal the Pioneer exponent of Liberal Democracy in Asia. According to
her, even before Gandhi and Sun Yat-Sen began their career of political agitation , Rizal through
his essays, letters and novels had already spoken out with firmness and courage ideas on liberal
democracy.

EXERCISE 2

A. To what does each of the following brief descriptions refer?

Self-determination 1. The right of tha people to choose the kind of government under
which they would live.
Patriotism 2. A feeling that draws a people together as a nation
Imperialism 3. Conquest not territories for political, economic, or socio-cultural
motivates
Technical advance 4. Belief in the capacity of people and society to achieve progress
and perfection.
Industrial Revolution 5. Transformation of manufacturing brought about by the invention
of machines.
Laissez-faire policy 6. Government's non-intervention in the conduct of trade and
business.
French Revolution 7. An ideology founded on the ideas of liberty and equality
Communist. 8. Deformers who Advocated the idea that social equality can be
achieved through the abolition of social classes
Socialists 9. Reformers who Advocated the idea that government has to control
basic industry for the welfare of society
Liberalism 10. A system of government promoted by the ideology of Liberalism

B. In each of the following set, one item is the cause and the other two are the effects. Select
the letter of the CAUSE in each case.

A 11. (A) Upsurge of emprialism (B) Westernization of Asks and Africa (C)
Anti-imperialist struggle for dignity

C 12. (A) Widening gap between them rich and poor (B) Unending conflict between
labor and capital (C) Beginning of industrial capitalism

C 13. (A) Optimism and confidence in progress (B) Triumph of science and technology
(C) Flourishing of realistic literature

C 14. (A) Breakthrough in industrial technology (B) Growth of fundamental scientific

discoveries (C) Material improvements for the population

C 15. (A) Rivalry for colonies (B) Establishment of colonial empires (C) Progress in
industrialization

C. Provide the necessary details to complete each of the following topics.

Ideology of the French Revolution

16. Liberty 17. Fraternity 18. Equality

Positive Effects of Nationalism

19. Greater urbanization of society 20. Beginning of specialization or division of labor

21. Invention of labor-saving devices

Significant Consequences of the Triumph of Science

22. First, everyday experience and innumerable scientists impressed the important of science
on the mind of ordinary citizens.

23. Second, as science become more prominent in popular thinking, the philosophical
implications of science spread sections of the population.

24. Third, the methods of science acquired unrivaled prestige after 185 for many , the union of
careful experiencement and abstract theory was the only route to truth and objective reality.

Evils Association with the Industrial Revolution

25. Widening of the gap between the rich and the poor

26. Unending economic welfare between labor and capital

27. Pollution and other environmental problems

28. Beginning of child and women labor and

29. Intensification of imperialistic rivalry between and among industrialized country.

Notable Achievements of the 19th Century

30.Extensions of human rights to many people.

31.Promotion of higher education for men and women
32.Education for nationalism in schools
33. Investment science to serve mankind.
34. Improvement of public health thru the establishment of numerous , hospital and
35. Emergence of realistic literature , despicting the life of the time.

C. Prove or contradict the following statements

36-40 Nationalism as non-existent in the Philippines before the 19th century.

It is largely true that nationalism was indeed non-existent in the Philippines before the 19th
century. This is mainly because, up until then, the Philippines was a collection of principalities,
rather than a sovereign state with a sense of unified national identity.
41-45 Western Imperialism lead to the peoples of Asia and Africa to assert their right to self-
determination.

Western nation profitably subordinate those lands to their economic interest, sent fourth
millions of immigrats and political influence in Asia and vast political empires in Africa.
Colonized peoples, thereby, started to assert right to self-determination or the right to choose
the kind of government under which they would live.

46-50 Nationalism was a potent force in the 19th century world of Dr. Jose Rizal.

There, nationalism and a passion for reform blossomed in the liberal atmosphere. Out of this
talented group of overseas Filipino students arose what came to be known as the Propaganda
Movement. Magazines, poetry, and pamphleteering flourished. José Rizal, this movement’s
most brilliant figure, produced two political novels—Noli me tangere (1886; Touch Me Not) and
El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed)—which had a wide impact in the Philippines.

EXERCISE 3

A. To what does each of the following refer?

Ayuntamiento 1. City government during the Spanish Regime.

Abondoment
of mercantism 2. An economic doctrine founded on the idea that wealth and power
can be determined on the basis of a country's stock of precious
metals.
Canovite system
or rotativism 3. Policy implemented in Spanish where the Liberals and conservatives
 took turn in running the government to save the country from
political disunity.
Power of
cumplase 4. The power of the Spanish governor-general to decide which law or
royal decree to implement in the colony.
Indulto de
commercio 5. Privilege to engage and monopolize trade enjoyed by the governors
in the alcaldias
Friars in Spanish 6. Dominance of the friars in political, economic, and social affairs in
Philippines society
Royal audiencia 7. Supreme Court in the Philippines during the Spanish Regime
Actos Acordados 8. Basic law implemented by the Spanish Crown in the Philippines
due tongue non-existentence of a lawmaking body in the colony
Educational
Decree of 1863 9. A royal decree, which established the public school system in the
Philippines in the 19th century.
Principalia 10. The ruling class of native elites in Filipino society in the 19th century

Peninsulares. 11. Spaniards born in Spain who occupied the highest position of the
social pyramid in the colony.
Guardia civil. 12. A corps of native police that dealt with the enemies of the Spanish
government and the Catholic Church.
Residencia 13. Trial of an outgoing governor-general to account for his acts during
his tenure of office
Cabeza de
Barangay 14. Chief executive of the barangay during the Spanish era
Galleon Trade 15. The Manila-Acapulco trade, which was monopolized by the Spanish
colonial officials and friars.

B. In each of the following one is the cause and two are effects. Select the letter of the CAUSE
in each set.

B 16. (A) Social ranking among various groups (B) Institutionalization of a

system of unchristian discrimination (C) Application of the doctrine of
racial purity.

C 17. (A) Indoctrination and Rote Method of Learning (B) Inability to develop
self-confidence (C) Development and reinforcement of inferiority complex
among the Filipinos.

C 18. (A) Perpetuation of anomalies in government service (B) Widespread

 selling and buying of government positions (C) Bribery, graft and corruption
in the bureaucracy.

C 19. (A) Political Instability in Spain (B) Frequent changes in top colonial
administration (C) Dominance of the friars in local politics

C 20. (A) Abandonment of mercantilist policy (B) Adoption of Laissez-faire policy

(C) Ending of the Manila-Acapulco Trade.

A 21. (A) Greater contacts with Europeans (B) Opening of the Philippines to world
commerce and trade (C) Ending of the economic isolation of the Philippines
from the rest of the world.

A 22. (A) Fear of Filipino clamor for freedom and independence (B) Friars'
opposition to the teaching of the Spanish language (C) Rigid censorship of
books and other reading materials.

C. Provide the necessary details to complete each of the following topics.

Serious Weaknesses of Spain's Educational Systems in the Philippines

23. Over-emphasis on religion

24. Limited and irrelevant curriculum

25. Obsolete classroom facilities

26. Inadequate instructional materials

27. Absence of academic freedom

Local Government Units in the Philippines in the 19th century

28. Provinces

29. Towns

30. Cities

D. Prove or contradict the following Statements

31-35 The friars were the true conquerors of the Philippines and the real representative of
the Spanish Crown in the colony.

The friars became more powerful and influential that even civil authorities feared them. The
rise in power and influence of the friars can be attributed to frequent changes in the top
colonial administration in the country from 1849-1895. Spain tightened her control over the
country thru the friars for fear of losing the Philippines.

36-40 The distance of the Philippines from Spain encouraged inefficiency and corruption in
government.

Spanish colonial administration was corrupt and inefficient. This can be attributed to several
factors. Owing to the distance of the Philippines from Spain, the governor-general exercised
absolute powers. He could reward positions in the bureaucracy to his favorites who were
unqualified and unfit for government service.

EXERCISE 4

A. To what does each of the following refer?

reduccion plan 1. Program proposed by Fr. Plasencia of relocating the Indios under
the bell to make them little brown Spaniards.
Politics of fear 2. Policy of pitting the Filipinos against each other to prevent them
from becoming united.
Secularization
Controversy 3. The transfer of the ministries established by the regular Spanish
clergy to the Filipino seculars.
Tandang Basyong
Macunat 4. A pamphlet authored by Fr. Bustamante , which pictured the Filipino
as incapable the of education.
Right of
Revolution 5. John Locke's theory , which justified the right of the people to
 overthrow an abusive and corrupt government.
John Locke's
theory 6. According to this theory , government is an agreement between the
ruler and the ruled for the welfare of the latter.

Indios 7. The named used by the Spaniards to refer to the Filipinos to indicate
their inferiority as a race.
Propaganda
movement 8. Peaceful crusades for reforms which was started by the Filipino
intellectuals in response to the abuses of the Spanish Regime
Carlos María
de la Torre. 9. The most liberal-minded Spanish governor-general the Philippines
ever had.

Fr. Pedro Pelaez 10. Vicar Capitular of Manila who spearheaded the campaign for the
secularization of Filipino parishes.

B. In each of the following one is the cause and two are the effects. Select the letter of the
CAUSE in each set.

A 11. (A) Divide et Impera Policy (B) Failure of the Filipinos to recognize their
common enemy (C) Failure of the early revolts against Spain.

B 12. (A) Influx of liberal ideas (B) Opening of the Philippine to world commerce and
trade (C) Spain's adoption of Laissez-faire.

A 13. (A) Rise of the Clase media (B) Prosperity from foreign commerce (C)
Emergence of intellectuals critical of government policies and programs.

C 14. (A) Granting of the freedom of speech (A) Filipino secular's clamor for
secularization of parishes (C) Liberal Regime of Dela Torre.

B 15. (A) Abolition of old-time privileges of Filipino soldiers and workers (B) Cavite
Mutiny of 1872 (C) Martyrdom of Gomburza.
C. Provide the necessary details to complete each of the following topics.

Cause of the Early Filipino Resistance Against Spain

16. Spaniards wanted to conquer the land of the Filipinos-get everything, every right, and
every treasure in this land.

17. They wanted to be free(freedom) from their violence and have their own government
system--to stand in their feet without the puppetous help of people from foreign
land.

18. The very last thing that opened the eyes of the Filipinos was the novels written by
their "national hero" Jose Rizal. Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. These are
the two important novels that made Filipino resist the Spanish .

Liberal Ideas Filipino Intellectuals Learned as a Result of the Opening of the Philippines to
World Commerce

20. Equality before the Law

21. Freedom of Speech

22. Freedom of religion