SIMOTICS Reluctance Motor and SINAMICS Converter Siemens Gertjan Bakker

SIMOTICS reluctance
motor and SINAMICS

converter
Status: 2018-04-05 – Botlek Studiegroep
Internal© Siemens AG 2017 siemens.com/simotics
Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

CO2 - reductie

Page 2 2017-11-10 PD LD P/DF MC GMC
Doorgaans wordt ca. 30 % van het totale energieverbruik van
Nederland verbruikt door de Industrie, waarvan dan ca. 70% weer valt
toe te schrijven aan de vermogensopname van elektromotoren.
Dat is dus een behoorlijke noemer om energie te besparen.
The challenge: Standards & legislation

Drive systems use 70% of industrial power.
Currently, there are standards and regulations that define the efficiency classes of DOL motors
Solution:
Future definition of efficiency classes for converters and systems in the various standards and later
in the appropriate regulations
The challenge: Suppliers of electrically driven production machines

According to regulation EC 622/2012 (1W-2.5kW) circulating pumps must specify an energy efficiency index (EEI).
The EEI is defined in the appropriate standards for additional pump types and power ratings.
Solution:
Analysis of the energy usage transitions from just the pure product approach to electrically driven machines

MinutePROFINET_ What is PROFIenergy_ (1).mp4
5282_Highlight_Profienergy_K2_EN_360p_450KBit.mp4
PROFIenergy
Higher costs through higher efficiency  lower energy costs?

EN 50598 allows the energy usage of electrically-driven machines to be
analyzed
New in EN 50598
Publication 
Analysis of the energy usage • The standard was published on Dec. 19th
 2014
• Manufacturers of electrically-driven
machines can analyze the energy usage
using standardized load profiles Obligation 
• After publication, EN 50598 will be listed in
the EU Official Journal
• As a consequence, converter manufacturers
have a legal obligation (presumption of
conformity with the standard)
Transparency • EU regulation, scheduled for 2018


• The standard general conditions mean that
drive systems (motor and converter) can
be compared for every application
Efficiency classes 
• Converters will be classified according Parameters 
to IE efficiency classes and drive systems • In this standard, the losses at certain
according to IES operating points are decisive

Energy saving
Minimum efficiency requirements for line and converter operation
in the EU
IEC 60034-30-1: 2nd edition
06/2011 01/2015 01/2017
Min. efficiency Min. efficiency

Line motors >= 7.5 kW IE2 acc. to EU Directive IE3 acc. to EU Directive
7.5 .. 375 kW 7.5 .. 375 kW
Min. efficiency Min. efficiency

Line motors < 7.5 kW IE2 acc. to EU Directive IE3 acc. to EU Directive
0.75 .. 7.5 kW 0.75 .. 7.5 kW
Min. efficiency
Line motors operated with converters IE2 acc. to EU Directive
(capable of converter operation) …, 0.75 .. 375, … kW
No minimum efficiency requirements

VSD motors (converter motors) According to the EU Directive, EISA, …

Page
Page75 2017-11-10
May 25, 2017 PD LD P/DF MC GMC
EN 50598-2 stipulates Ecodesign requirements for drive systems and their
associated components
EN 50598 embedded in the mandates of the EU
Drive components, electrical rotating machines - standards Drive system
EN 50598
IEC 60034-2 M/470

Standard methods to determine the losses and M/476
efficiency from tests Ecodesign requirements for drive systems and their
associated components in an electrically-driven machine
in the low-voltage area
Part - 1 Part - 2 Part - 3 (TS)
Fixed-speed Special Motors for
motors motors VSD
Published Published Published
2007-09 2010-03-16 2013-11-01 Energy efficiency Ecodesign
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

IEC 60034-30
Efficiency classes (IE classes) Basic requirements relating to Requirements placed on Requirements relating to
the necessary "semi- drive systems: generating the ecological
analytical" models for footprint of products.
Part - 1 Part - 2 • < 1000 V
Line supply Motors fed from • The driven machine
• Rated powers up to 1 MW
0.12 to 1000 kW
drive controllers • The integrated drive
• Classification limit values
- Up to 8-pole... system
Published
2014-03-01

Standardized power loss data of the motor system allows the energy usage
of the driven system to be analyzed
Definitions from the standard
EPA: Extended
Product-
Approach:
Electrically driven
machine
PDS: Power Drive

System: Motor
with CDM
MS: Motor- System:

PDS or
motor with starter
CDM: Complete Drive

Module:
Frequency
converter
Source: EN 50598-2
EN 50598-2 is binding for the SINAMICS V20, G110, G120, G130, G150 and
G180 series
Area of validity of the EN 50598-2 standard
EN 50598-2 must be applied for

EN 50598-2 is mandatory for the following
CDM:
⋅ AC-AC converters/CDM without energy recovery functionality • SINAMICS V20
⋅ Motors with integrated converter/CDM (one product) • SINAMICS G110 family
⋅ Supply voltage: 100 V – 1000 V • SINAMICS G120 family
• SINAMICS G130
⋅ Power range: 0.12 kW – 1000 kW
• SINAMICS G150
⋅ Independent of the motor technology • SINAMICS G180
EN 50598-2 can be optionally applied to: In the first step, Siemens applies the EN
50598-2 for the following PDS:
• SIMOTICS FD
⋅ AC–AC converters/CDM capable of energy recovery
& SINAMICS G120P
⋅ AC–DC converters/CDM
• SIMOTICS GP/SD VSD10 Line
⋅ DC–AC converters/CDM & SINAMICS G120
⋅ Devices with other power and voltage classes • SIMOTICS GP/SD VSD4000 Line &
⋅ Any combinations of PDS (CDM and motor) SINAMICS G120

Ecodesign
De Europese normenserie EN 50598 definieert de Ecodesign voorwaarden voor

aandrijfsystemen in een elektrisch aangedreven machine, inclusief energie-
efficiëntie en levenscyclusanalyse. De basis voor het vaststellen en
optimaliseren van de efficiëntie van elektrisch aangedreven machines werden
gemaakt met het gezamenlijke concept opgesteld door drivefabrikanten en
machinebouwers.

All application characteristics can be emulated using 8 operating
points

Customers can calculate PDS system values themselves
Siemens supplies the values for Siemens PDS
Power Drive Systems (PDS) – losses at the defined operating points

Motor losses
RM relative
torque / % p L,RM (100;100)
100 Power Drive System / motor system losses
PDS relative IES0 - IES2
torque / %
p L,PDS (100;100)
100
50
25
RM relative
speed / % 50
+ =
50 100
CDM losses 25
IE0 - IE2 PDS relative

CDM relative p L,CDM (90;100) 50 100 speed / %
torque 100
current / %
Customers can calculate or measure PDS system values themselves (when
purchasing individual components)
50
For the PDS, Siemens supplies precise and optimized power loss values
25 CDM relative
SIEMENS provides the PDS values in the tools
motor stator
frequency / %
50 90 100
LINK TO STANDARDS

The efficiency class is defined at the rated operating point

Synchronous-reluctance motors behave differently than permanent
magnet synchronous motor and induction motors – and therefore
they open up completely new advantages for customers!
Attributes of synchronous-reluctance drive systems
Comparable Reluctance
Energy efficiency Maximum PM synchronous IE3 IE4 PM synchronous
As an example
Performance High servo pump Synchronous
Induction
motor Reluctance Servo
Between 1LE1
List price Low IE3 and IE4 IE3 IE4
Reluctance
• Lower intrinsic moment of inertia (referred to 1LE1 IE3/4)

Application-specific advantages • A separately driven/external fan is not used
• Closed-loop control without encoder

Motor technologies for high-efficiency motors
Positioning of the drive system in our portfolio
Performance / efficiency
Permanent-magnet
synchronous motors
+ Efficient
with
Synchronous reluctance + High dynamic performance
converters
motors + Low costs
with converters For standard drive systems
+ Efficient
+ Highest dynamic performance
- Cost-intensive
For special
IE4 induction motors applications
with converters
+ Rugged
+ Favorably priced
For standard drive systems
+ Rugged converter
+ Simple closed-loop control
DC drives
- Cost-intensive and maintenance-intensive
For special applications
Costs
Energy-saving
Higher energy efficiency requires new technologies
New technologies
Efficiency
"IE4"
IE4
SYN
IE3
IE2
Synchronous motors with magnetic

materials / utilizing reluctance technology
Standard induction motors
IE1
Technology

Synchronous reluctance motor
From "ugly duckling" to shooting star
Jaroslaw K. Kostko
1927 – patent for a synchronous motor operating according to the reluctance
principle
Alfredo Vagati
1990 – Professor for electrical machinery and drives at the University of
Cagliari, Italy.
1995 to 2003 Head of the Electrical Engineering Department in the Technical
Institute, Turin, Italy
His scientific research covered power electronics and electric drives. His most
important activity is the design and closed-loop control of high-performance
synchronous reluctance motors (patent back in 1998).

Torque generation
1st step 2nd step 3rd step

With the exception of the air gap, the stator flux is Stator flux has changed, must take a longer route • Rotor rotates into the position of step 1
exclusively through the iron through the air gaps • As the stator field rotates, then the rotor must
• Low magnetic impedance • Low magnetic impedance also continually rotate
• Lowest "system energy" • Increased system energy • The rotor frequency corresponds to the stator
This results in a torque, which acts to minimize the frequency – however, rotor and stator are
system energy phase-shifted with respect to one another“
• Comparable with two magnets that are "stuck" • Comparable with two magnets that are quickly
to one another moving together

The SIMOTICS GP/SD series is the basis
General Purpose motors Severe Duty motors

SIMOTICS GP SIMOTICS SD
• Power: 0.55 kW to 15 kW • Power: 0.55 kW to 45 kW
No. of poles: 4 No. of poles: 4
• Short, compact motors • Rugged cast iron frame for harsh environments
• Aluminum frame for a low weight • Can be extensively modified using a wide range of options
• Modular mounting concept for encoders, brakes, external fans • Modular mounting concept for encoders, brakes, external fans

SIMOTICS GP/SD
VSD/DOL strategy of the 1LE1 platform
1LE1 platform IE1 class IE2 class IE3 class IE4 class
DOL
+
Converter-capable
1LE1 platform "Reference class" (IES 1 / 2) "Super efficiency class" (IES 2)
VSD Line VSD10 VSD4000

(only converter operation)

Rating plate for SH80 – 225
Converter-optimized
motor without efficiency
class according to IEC
Motor voltage optimized 60034-30-1
for converter operation
Only for converter
operation
Rated speed for Code number for simple

converter operation commissioning with
SINAMICS G120
Universal use on 50Hz and 60Hz line supplies

Used for 50Hz, 60Hz and 87Hz voltage/frequency characteristics

Overview
assignment of power units to motors
G120 S120
Rated motor
PM240-2 (LO power + MLFB) PM240P-2 (LO power + MLFB) Booksize Motor Module
load
0.55 0.55kW / 6SL3210-1PE11-8■L1 3.0/ 6SL312■-1TE13-0AA3
0.75 0.75kW / 6SL3210-1PE12-3■L1
1.10
2.20
3
4 4kW / 6SL3210-1PE21-1■L0
5.5 5.5kW / 6SL3210-1PE21-4■L0 18/ 6SL312■-1TE21-8AA3
7.5 7.5kW / 6SL3210-1PE21-8■L0 18/ 6SL312■-1TE21-8AA3
11 11kW / 6SL3210-1PE22-7■L0 30/ 6SL312■-1TE23-0AA3
15 15kW / 6SL3210-1PE23-3■L0 45/ 6SL312■-1TE24-5AA3
18.5 18.5kW / 6SL3210-1PE23-8■L0 22kW / 6SL3210-1RE24-5■L0 45/ 6SL312■-1TE24-5AA3
22 22kW / 6SL3210-1PE24-5■L0 30kW / 6SL3210-1RE26-0■L0 60/ 6SL312■-1TE26-0AA3
30 30kW / 6SL3210-1PE26-0■L0 37kW / 6SL3210-1RE27-5■L0 85/ 6SL312■-1TE28-5AA3

System attributes
Energy efficiency at rated operating point and in the partial load
range
kW 5.5 7.5 11.0 15.0 18.5 22.0 30.0
Reluctance
*
91.9 92.6 93.5 93.9 94.2 94.5 94.9 Efficiency at the rated operating point +
Efficiency
IE4* 90.7 91.5 92.3 93.0 93.3 93.7 94.1 • At the rated operating point, the efficiency of a drive
System with
IE3* 88.0 89.0 90.1 90.9 91.5 92.0 92.6 system with reluctance motor is higher than a drive
reluctance motor IE2* 85.9 87.0 88.4 89.2 89.9 90.3 91.1 system with IE4 induction motor
1
System with
induction motor
2
Efficiency in the partial load range +
• In the partial load range, the efficiency of a drive
system with reluctance motor is significantly higher
than a drive system with IE4 induction motor
0.5 · Prated Prated Power
*) Minimum efficiency according to IEC 60034-30-1. Converted over to converter operation

according to DIN EN 50598-2 (Section 5.3.2.6: Harmonic-dependent supplementary losses)
System attributes
Dynamic performance – low intrinsic moment of inertia
Relative intrinsic moment of inertia1) Intrinsic moment of inertia +

180% • By optimizing induction motors with regard to efficiency
160% (copper rotor, electrical sheet steel with lower loss
coefficient) the intrinsic moment of inertia of IE3 and
140% IE4 motors increases to twice the moment of inertia of
120% synchronous reluctance motors. This becomes evident
100% for dynamic applications with higher overall torque and
motor current.
80%
• Synchronous reluctance motors have approximately
60% the same intrinsic moment of inertia as three-phase
40% induction motors with energy efficiency class IE1
20%
0%
Reluctance Induction Induction Induction Converter
motor motor IE4 motor IE3 motor IE2 motor VSD10
1) Average values 5.5 kW to 30 kW

System attributes
Thermal behavior – high operational reliability as a result of the low
motor temperature
Thermal reserves +
• Synchronous reluctance motors have almost no rotor
losses; as a consequence, they have high thermal
Utilization Thermal reserves when compared to induction motors
F acc. to F
limit
Thermal
Torque reduction +
Utilization
utilization
at rated power
F acc. to B • As a result of the thermal reserves, synchronous
reluctance motors can be operated down to 1/10 of
their rated speed with full torque – torque derating is
not required
Overload capability, service factor 1.2 +

Induction motor Synchronous reluctance • As a result of the thermal reserves, synchronous
motor reluctance motors can be operated with a service factor
SF = 1.2 – this means 20% overload in a control range
of 1:10 with slightly reduced efficiency

System attributes
Thermal behavior when compared to an induction motor
Speed control range

Torque in Nm
200 1:10
150 Induction motor
22 kW
100
Load characteristic 97Nm, 150 – 1500 rpm
50
0
0 150 300 450 600 750 900 1.050 1.200 1.350 1.500 1.650 1.800 1.950 2.100 2.250
Speed rpm

System attributes
Speed control range

Torque in Nm
200 1:10
150
Reluctance motor
100 15 kW
50
0
0 150 300 450 600 750 900 1.050 1.200 1.350 1.500 1.650 1.800 1.950 2.100 2.250
Speed rpm

System attributes
SF 1.2 Speed control range

Torque in Nm
200 1:10
150
Reluctance motor
Load characteristic +20%
15 kW
100
50
0
0 150 300 450 600 750 900 1.050 1.200 1.350 1.500 1.650 1.800 1.950 2.100 2.250
Speed rpm

SIMOTICS reluctance motor and SINAMICS converter
Drive system with the highest efficiency based on innovative
technology
SIMOTICS reluctance motors and SINAMICS G120
Drive system with the highest + System efficiency class IES 2 +
energy efficiency • Highest energy efficiency in the
• Highest efficiency using synchronous IES 2 Class
motor technology • Lowest lifecycle costs (lower energy
• State-of-the-art control algorithms for best costs)
efficiency, especially in partial load range
• Energy saving with a flying restart where
the load is still rotating Can be universally used +
• Suitable for all load torques
• Special synchronous motor control
A cost-effective system + allows high starting and accelerating
• Optimized system costs through torques
standard Power Modules harmonized and
coordinated for reluctance motor
technology
• High control dynamic performance in Guaranteed motor power when +
encoderless operation operated with a converter
• Extremely simple commissioning as the
• System-tested data are stamped on the
controller does not have to be
rating plate
parameterized

High degree of cost effectiveness based on innovative motor
technology
Top highlights SIMOTICS reluctance motors and SINAMICS G120
Feature/function Benefits
• State-of-the-art control • Low energy demand at
algorithms for the best each operating point
efficiency, especially in the
τ
partial load range
• Special synchronous- • Can be used in each and
reluctance control allows every application
high starting and τ
accelerating torques
• High control dynamic • High degree of productivity
performance in • Encoders have been
encoderless operation τ eliminated – therefore
capital investment costs
optimized
• Standard Power Modules • Minimized system costs
coordinated and (converters do not have to
harmonized for reluctance
τ be overdimensioned)
technology

Energy efficiency and functionality for pumps, fans and
compressors
Energy efficiency +
• At its rated operating point, the reluctance motor/frequency converter has a
higher efficiency than an IE4 induction motor in converter operation
• In the partial load range, the efficiency is higher than for systems with
comparable induction motors
• For fluid flow machines, the motor flux is adapted to the optimum operating
point (flux reduction)
Converter functionality +
• Drive shutdown depending on the process (hibernation mode)
• Control, converter and line motors (cascade/staging circuit)
• Flying restart circuit for fan drives, connecting to a drive, even if it is rotating
in the opposite direction
Handling +
• Synchronous reluctance motors are compatible to existing induction motors
regarding flange and shaft dimensions

Dynamic performance and thermal response in conveyor
technology
Dynamic response +
• The low moment of inertia of synchronous reluctance motors in conjunction
with the dynamic vector control of the converter allows higher clock cycle
rates (for example, to address fluctuating load levels) than for systems with
induction motors with efficiency class IE3 or IE4
Thermal behavior +
• Torque does not have to be reduced in the control range 1:10; as a
consequence, overdimensioning is not required, as is the case for induction
motors
• Continuous overload capability of 20% possible in a control range of 1:10
Converter functionality +
• The pole position identification avoids jerky forward/backward motion when
switching on
• The starting torque is 150 % of the motor torque

Many thanks for your attention!
Ing. Gertjan Bakker
Productmanager Sinamics
Siemens Nederland N.V.

RC-NL DF PRM MC
Prinses Beatrixlaan 800
2595 BN Den Haag, Nederland
Mobil: +31 62250 9436
mailto:[email protected]
www.siemens.nl
www.twitter.com/siemens
www.siemens.com/ingenuityforlife
Handelsregister Den Haag nr 27015771


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SIMOTICS reluctance

motor and SINAMICS

Internal© Siemens AG 2017 siemens.com/simotics

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

Dat is dus een behoorlijke noemer om energie te besparen.

The challenge: Standards & legislation

The challenge: Suppliers of electrically driven production machines

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

Transparency • EU regulation, scheduled for 2018

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

IEC 60034-30-1: 2nd edition

06/2011 01/2015 01/2017

Min. efficiency Min. efficiency

Min. efficiency Min. efficiency

No minimum efficiency requirements

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

IEC 60034-2 M/470

Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

Definitions from the standard

PDS: Power Drive

MS: Motor- System:

CDM: Complete Drive

EN 50598-2 must be applied for

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

De Europese normenserie EN 50598 definieert de Ecodesign voorwaarden voor

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

Power Drive Systems (PDS) – losses at the defined operating points

IE0 - IE2 PDS relative

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

• Lower intrinsic moment of inertia (referred to 1LE1 IE3/4)

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

Synchronous motors with magnetic

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

1st step 2nd step 3rd step

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

General Purpose motors Severe Duty motors

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

1LE1 platform "Reference class" (IES 1 / 2) "Super efficiency class" (IES 2)

VSD Line VSD10 VSD4000

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

Rated speed for Code number for simple

Universal use on 50Hz and 60Hz line supplies

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

0.5 · Prated Prated Power

*) Minimum efficiency according to IEC 60034-30-1. Converted over to converter operation

Relative intrinsic moment of inertia1) Intrinsic moment of inertia +

1) Average values 5.5 kW to 30 kW

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

Overload capability, service factor 1.2 +

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017

Speed control range

Restricted © Siemens AG 2017