CE 319 F

Daene McKinney

Elementary Mechanics of Fluids

Hydrostatic
Forces on Plane
Surfaces
 Pressure on Plane Surface
Surfaces exposed to
α
fluids experience a p = γy sin α
force due to the F x
pressure distribution in
the fluid dA
y
F = ∫ pdA y
A
= ∫ γy sin αdA ycp
A Centroid

= γ sin α ∫ ydA Center of pressure

F = pA y = 1.22m
= (γy sin α ) A
= (23,600 *1.22 *1) * (1.22 * 2.44) 2.44 m
F = 85.8 kN
F
 Line of Action of Force
• Lies below centroid, since pressure
increases with depth
ycp F = ∫ ydF
= ∫ y ( pdA) α
p = γy sin α
A F x
= ∫ y (γy sin α )dA dA
A
y
ycp (γy sin αA) = γ sin αI 0 y
ycp
ycp ( yA) = I + y 2 A Centroid
I Center of pressure
ycp = y +
yA
 Example (3.59)
• F ↑ as H ↑?
• ycp − y ↓ as H ↑?
• ycp − y is constant as H ↑?
• T ↑ as H ↑?
• T is constant as H ↑?
T
F
 Example (3.73)
I
Find: Force of block on gate F = pA ycp − y =
yA
= (γy sin α ) A
3
= (9810 *10 *1) * (4 * 4) 4 * 4 / 12
=
(10 * 4 * 4)
F = 1569.6 kN
= 0.133 m

∑M = 0
= 0.133Fw, g − 2 Fb, g
0.133
F Fb, g = Fw, g
2
0.133
= 1569.6 kN
2
0.133
Fb, g = 104.378 kN
Fw,g 2
Fb,g
 Example (3.78)
F = pA = (γy sin α ) A
RA = 9810 * (3 + 3 cos 30) * (4 * 6)
= 1,318,000 N
I 4 * 63 / 12
ycp − y = =
yA (6.464 * 24)
6 = 0.4641 m

∑M = 0
3-0.4641
= 6 R A − (3 − 0.4641) F
F
3 − 0.4641
RA = F
6
= (0.42265)1318 kN
R A = 557.05 kN
HW (3.87)
HW (3.92)
 Example
Given: Gate AB is 4 ft wide, hinged at A.
Air G
Gage G reads -2.17 psi 5.01 ft
Find: Horizontal force at B to hold gate.
Solution: 18 ft
Water
A

Foil = pA gate
Oil
6 ft
SG=0.75
= 0.75 * 62.4 * 3 * (4 * 6) B

= 3,370 lbf
Convert negative pressure in
I tank to ft of water
ycp − y =
yA
4 * 63 / 12 p − 2.17 *144
= = 1 ft h= = = −5.01 ft
(3 * 24) γ 62.4
 A
Example
Air G
5.01 ft

3.03 ft 4ft
18 ft
Fw Water
Foil A
Oil
FB gate
SG=0.75
6 ft
B B

Fw = pA
= 62.4 * (15 − 5.01) * (4 * 6) ∑MA = 0
= 15,000 lbf = Fw * 3.3 − Foil * 4 − FB * 6
= 15000 * 3.3 − 3700 * 4 − FB * 6
I FB = 6000 lbf
ycp − y =
yA
4 * 63 / 12
= = 0.3 ft
(15 − 5.01) * 24
HW (3.96)
HW (3.102)