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Hydrostatic Pressure Measurement

This document summarizes an experiment on measuring hydrostatic pressure. The experiment used a device called a hydrostatic pressure apparatus to measure pressure at different water depths by adding weights. Measurements were taken with varying weights and water levels. Calculations were done to determine pressure force (FP) and graphs plotted showing a direct proportional relationship between gravitational force (FG) and pressure force (FP). The results supported hydrostatic pressure principles where pressure increases with depth due to liquid weight.

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95 views6 pages

Hydrostatic Pressure Measurement

This document summarizes an experiment on measuring hydrostatic pressure. The experiment used a device called a hydrostatic pressure apparatus to measure pressure at different water depths by adding weights. Measurements were taken with varying weights and water levels. Calculations were done to determine pressure force (FP) and graphs plotted showing a direct proportional relationship between gravitational force (FG) and pressure force (FP). The results supported hydrostatic pressure principles where pressure increases with depth due to liquid weight.

Uploaded by

ali najat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Kirkuk

College of Engineering
Civil Department

Hydrostatic Pressure Measurement


2nd stage A

Darawan Obaid Ramadan

Experiment No: 2
Group No: A1
Date of experiment:
Tuesday, November 13, 2018
Date of delivery:
Wednesday, November 21, 2018
Introduction
The effect of hydrostatic pressure is of major significance in many areas of engineering,
such as shipbuilding, the construction of dykes, weirs and locks, and in sanitary and
building services engineering.
The device that we use is hydrostatic Pressure (HM 150.05) shown in figure 1
OBJECTIVE
With the HM 150.05 Hydrostatic Pressure Apparatus, the following key topics can be
investigated by experimentation:
 Pressure distribution in a liquid taking into account gravity.
 "Lateral force" of the hydrostatic pressure.
 Centre of pressure of the lateral force.

Figure 1 Hydrostatic Pressure (HM 150.05)


Theory
The hydrostatic pressure of liquids is the "gravitational pressure" Phyd. It rises due to the
intrinsic weight as the depth t increases, and is calculated
From: 𝜌ℎ𝑦𝑑 = 𝜌 × 𝑔 × 𝑡

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Darawan Obaid Ramadan 2nd stage A

Devices and tools used


 Tube
 Hydrostatic pressure (HM 150.05)
1. Water vessel.
2. Detent.
3. Slider.
4. Stop pin.
5. Water level scale.
6. Rider.
7. Weights.
8. Handles.
All parts of this device shown in figure below

Figure 2 Schematic of Hydrostatic Pressure (HM 150.05)


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Darawan Obaid Ramadan 2nd stage A

PROCEDURE
1. Check the bench is leveled properly with the use of spirit level.
2. Add a small mass (typically 50g) to the weight hanger.
3. Get tap water using tube and fill up the flotation tank.
4. Fill the floatation tank with water initially until the balance arm rises. Avoid wetting
the balance arm or the quadrant above the water level in the tank.
5. Continue to add water until the balance arm is horizontal, checking this by aligning
the flat of the balance arm with the central mark on the level indicator.
6. When the arm is horizontal, read the depth of immersion from the scale on the face
of the quadrant.
7. Repeat the above procedure for different load increments by adding further weights
to the weight hanger.
8. Continue until the water level reaches the top of the upper scale on the quadrant
face.
9. Repeat the procedure in reverse, by progressively removing the weights.

Results and calculating


1. Case 1 𝑆 < 𝑆ℎ , 𝑆 < 100𝑚𝑚
Reading No: 1
1 1
𝑒 = 𝑆 ⇒ 𝑒 = (66) ⇒ 𝑒 = 11 𝑚𝑚
6 6
1 1
𝐿𝐷 = 200 − 𝑆 ⇒ 𝐿𝐷 = 200 − (66) ⇒ 𝐿𝐷 = 178 𝑚𝑚
3 3
𝑆 0.066
𝐹𝑃 = 𝛾 ( ) 𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 ⇒ 𝐹𝑃 = 9810 ( ) (0.066 × 0.075) ⇒ 𝐹𝑃 = 1.6024635 𝑁
2 2
𝐹𝐺 × 𝐿 = 1 × 270 = 270 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 , 𝐹𝑃 × 𝐿𝐷 = 1.6024635 × 178 = 285.238503 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
Reading No: 2
1 1
𝑒 = 𝑆 ⇒ 𝑒 = (96) ⇒ 𝑒 = 16 𝑚𝑚
6 6
1 1
𝐿𝐷 = 200 − 𝑆 ⇒ 𝐿𝐷 = 200 − (96) ⇒ 𝐿𝐷 = 168 𝑚𝑚
3 3
𝑆 0.096
𝐹𝑃 = 𝛾 ( ) 𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 ⇒ 𝐹𝑃 = 9810 ( ) (0.096 × 0.075) ⇒ 𝐹𝑃 = 3.390336 𝑁
2 2
𝐹𝐺 × 𝐿 = 2 × 270 = 540 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 , 𝐹𝑃 × 𝐿𝐷 = 3.390336 × 168 = 569.576448 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚

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Darawan Obaid Ramadan 2nd stage A

2. case 2 𝑆 > 𝑆ℎ , 𝑆 > 100𝑚𝑚


Reading No: 3
2 2
1 (100) 1 (100)
𝑒= × ⇒𝑒= × ⇒ 𝑒 = 8.8652 𝑚𝑚
12 𝑆 − 50 12 144 − 50
𝐿𝐷 = 150 + 𝑒 ⇒ 𝐿𝐷 = 150 + 8.8652 ⇒ 𝐿𝐷 = 158.8652 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝑃 = 𝛾 (𝑆 − 0.05)𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 ⇒ 𝐹𝑃 = 9810 (0.144 − 0.05)(0.1 × 0.075)

𝐹𝑃 = 6.91605 𝑁
𝐹𝐺 × 𝐿 = 4 × 270 = 1080 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 , 𝐹𝑃 × 𝐿𝐷 = 6.91605 × 158.8652
= 1098.71966646 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
Reading No: 4
2 2
1 (100) 1 (100)
𝑒= × ⇒𝑒= × ⇒ 𝑒 = 7.7881 𝑚𝑚
12 157 − 50 12 157 − 50
𝐿𝐷 = 150 + 𝑒 ⇒ 𝐿𝐷 = 150 + 7.7881 ⇒ 𝐿𝐷 = 157.7881 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝑃 = 𝛾 (𝑆 − 0.05)𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 ⇒ 𝐹𝑃 = 9810 (0.157 − 0.05)(0.1 × 0.075)

𝐹𝑃 = 7.872525 𝑁
𝐹𝐺 × 𝐿 = 4.5 × 270 = 1215 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 , 𝐹𝑃 × 𝐿𝐷 = 7.872525 × 157.7881
= 1242.19076195 N. mm

 All results are shown in table below.


L 𝑭𝑮 S e 𝑳𝑫 𝑭𝑷 𝑭𝑮 . 𝑳 𝑭 𝑷 . 𝑳𝑫
mm 𝑵 mm mm 𝒎𝒎 𝑵 𝑵. 𝒎𝒎 𝑵. 𝒎𝒎
270 1 66 11 178 1.6024635 270 285.238503
270 2 96 16 168 3.390336 540 569.576448
270 4 144 8.8652 158.8652 6.91605 1080 1098.71966646
270 4.5 157 7.7881 157.7881 7.872525 1215 1242.19076195

 The graph of these results are shown in next page.

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Darawan Obaid Ramadan 2nd stage A

Relationship between Fg and Fp


1400
1200

Fg × L = N.mm 1000
800
600
400
200
0
285.238503 569.576448 1098.719666 1242.190762
Fp × Ld = N.mm

Discussion
There are different cases in hydrostatic pressure such as horizontal, vertical and inclined
they all have same principle the different is the value of 𝛼 .
In this experiment, we studied one of the cases when 𝛼 = 0 , first we balanced the device
and then we add weights and water one by one. After that, we read the value of water
level when the device the bubble is in the center, we repeat the steps but with different
weights and water level and so on.
The graph of the relationship between 𝐹𝐺 × 𝐿 and 𝐹𝑃 × 𝐿𝐷 shows that there is a direct
proportional between 𝐹𝐺 and 𝐹𝑃 .

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