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Algebraic Expressions and Identities

This document defines important terms related to algebraic expressions and polynomials. It explains that expressions are formed using variables and constants, and terms are combined to form expressions. It also defines monomials, binomials, trinomials, polynomials, like terms, and unlike terms. The document further discusses coefficients, factors, addition and subtraction of algebraic expressions, and multiplication of expressions. It concludes by defining identities and listing four standard identities.

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578 views27 pages

Algebraic Expressions and Identities

This document defines important terms related to algebraic expressions and polynomials. It explains that expressions are formed using variables and constants, and terms are combined to form expressions. It also defines monomials, binomials, trinomials, polynomials, like terms, and unlike terms. The document further discusses coefficients, factors, addition and subtraction of algebraic expressions, and multiplication of expressions. It concludes by defining identities and listing four standard identities.

Uploaded by

SRB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Made By :

Deepansha Singh
Class : VIII A
Roll No. : ⑭
IMPORTANT WORDS OR TERMS
 Expression
 Terms
 Monomial
 Binomial
 Trinomial
 Polynomial
 Like terms
 Unlike terms
 Co-efficient
 Factors
 Identity
EXPRESSIONS
 Expressions are formed by using variables and constants.
 For example,

x + 3

 2y – 5

 3x²

 4xy + 7

 If we take the example of 2y – 5 , it is made up of y as


the variable and 2 , (-5) as the constants.
TERMS
 Terms are added to form expressions.
 For example,

 5ab + 90 : {(5ab) + (90)}


 14gh – 13 : {(14gh) + (-13)} i.e. {(14gh) – (13)}
 56m³ + 65 – yz :{(56m³) + (65) + (-yz)} i.e. {(56m³) + (65)
- (yz)}
 Terms are commonly made up of co – efficients, variables or
constants.
MONOMIAL
 An expression comprising of only one (1) term is known
as a MONOMIAL.
 For example,

 5x

 2y²

 6mn

 90a

 -9q

 10cd

 -11

 xyz
BINOMIAL
 An expression having two (2) terms is known to be a
BINOMIAL.
 For example,

 a+b

 4l + 5m

 a+4

 5 – 3xy

 z² - 4y

 7x² - 4xy

 6y + 6

 5k² - 4np²
TRINOMIAL
 An expression consisting of three (3) terms is said to be
known as a TRINOMIAL.
 For example,

 a+b+c

 2x + 3y – 5

 x³y - xy³ + y³

 7x – 4y + 5

 5xy + 9zy + 3zx

 6kl – 9op + 18
POLYNOMIAL
 In general, an expression containing, one or more terms
with a non-zero co-efficient ( with variables having non-
negative exponents ) is called a POLYNOMIAL.
 A polynomial may contain any number of terms, one (1)
or more than one (>1).
 For example,

 a+b+c+d

 3xy

 7xyz – 10

 2x + 3y + 7z
LIKE TERMS
 Like terms are formed from the same variables.
 The powers of these variables have to be same too to be
a like term.
 Co – efficient of these like terms may or may not be the
same.
 For example,

 7xy and 8xy

 5x² and 7x²

 6xyz and xyz


UNLIKE TERMS
 The terms that do not have the same variable content are
said to be unlike tems.
 In unlike terms the powers and the co - efficients of the
variable may or may not be the same.
 For example,

 7k² and 11g

 63xyz³ and klm

 op and x
CO - EFFICIENT
 The numerical factor of a term is called its numerical co-
efficient or simply co-efficient.
 For example,

Term Co – Efficient Variable


7xy 7 xy
-5t -5 t
-6ab -6 ab
32mn 32 mn
-98pk -98 pk
FACTORS
 Terms themselves can be formed as the product of
FACTORS.
 For example,

Term First Factor Second Factor


14x 14 x
11j 11 j
-5x -5 x
10 10 -
op o p
ADDITION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
 There are two (2) common methods by which we add
algebraic expressions.
 Lets take the following example :

 (7xy + 5yz – 3zx) + (4yz + 9zx – 4y) + (-2 xy – 3zx +


5x)
 Now we will solve this problem by both the methods in
the next two slides.
METHOD 1
 Write the terms of the first bracket.
 Followed by the terms of the second bracket and the
third bracket below their like terms.
 Now solve the problem below the line.
METHOD 2
 Write the question in one line.
 Open the brackets, taking care of the signs.

 When opened the brackets, the next step is to bring all


the like terms together.
 Then the last step is to solve the problem.
SUBTRACTION OF ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
 There are two (2) common methods by which we add
algebraic expressions.
 Lets take the following example :

 (12a – 9ab + 5b – 3) – (4a – 7ab + 3b + 12)

 Now we will solve this problem by both the methods in


the next two slides.
METHOD 1
 Write the terms of the first bracket.
 Followed by the terms of the second bracket below their
like terms.
 In the next line in brackets invert the signs of the second
bracket’s terms (for as when this bracket will be opened
to take out the terms the signs of the terms will
automatically change)
 Now solve the problem below the line.
METHOD 2
 Write the question in one line.
 Open the brackets, taking care of the signs.

 When opened the brackets, the next step is to bring all


the like terms together.
 Then the last step is to solve the problem.
MULTIPLICATION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
 Multiplication of algebraic expression most commonly
has the same pattern for most of its types.
 For example,

 Multiplying a monomial by a monomial

 Multiplying two monomials

 Multiplying three or more monomials

 Multiplying a monomial by a polynomial

 Multiplying a monomial by a binomial

 Multiplying a monomial by a trinomial

 Multiplying a polynomial by a polynomial

 Multiplying a binomial by a binomial

 Multiplying a binomial by a trinomial


MULTIPLYING MONOMIALS
 To multiply monomials, multiply the co-efficients and
add the exponents with the same bases.
MULTIPLYING POLYNOMIALS
 To multiply two polynomials, we multiply each
monomial of one polynomial (with its sign) by each
monomial (with its sign) of the other polynomial.
 Write these products one after the other (with their signs)
and then add like monomials to form the complete
product.
IDENTITY
 An equality, true for every value of the variable in it, is
called an IDENTITY.
 There mainly four (4) Standard Identities :

 (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²

 (a - b)² = a² - 2ab + b²

 (a + b) (a-b) = a² - b²

 (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b) x + ab
IDENTITY 1
IDENTITY 2
IDENTITY 3
IDENTITY 4

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