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Designation: D 6567 – 00

Standard Test Method for


Measuring the Light Penetration of a Turf Reinforcement
Mat (TRM)1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6567; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method


1.1 This test method covers measuring the amount of light 4.1 The nominal light penetration of TRM’s is determined
that penetrates through a Turf Reinforcement Mat. by observing the foot-candles on the light meter through a
1.2 This test method does not provide light penetration determined open area versus the amount of foot-candles on the
values for TRM under variable normal sun and soil conditions. light meter once the TRM is placed over the determined open
This test method determines nominal light penetration. area.
1.3 The values stated as a percentage are to be regarded as
the standard. The values provided in foot-candles are for 5. Significance and Use
information only. 5.1 Light penetration may be used to control the quality of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the many TRM’s. Light penetration is not indicative of field
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the performance and therefore is not recommended for specifica-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- tions.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.2 The light penetration of TRM’s may vary considerably
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. depending on the composite materials used in the matrix of the
mat or due to inconsistency within a given mat. To minimize
2. Referenced Documents variation, specific sample size and procedures are indicated in
2.1 ASTM Standards: this test method to help ensure comparable results.
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles2 5.3 This test method may be used to determine the effect of
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing2 different composite materials and make-up of TRM’s.
D 4354 Practice of Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing3 5.4 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics3 commercial shipments of TRM’s, but caution is advised since
information on between laboratory precision is incomplete.
3. Terminology Comparative tests as directed in 5.4.1 may be advisable.
3.1 Definitions: 5.4.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
3.1.1 light penetration, n—the percentage of incandescent reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
light that is measurable through a geosynthetic material from a testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
static light source. plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
3.1.2 turf reinforcement mat (TRM), n—a long term non- a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-
degradable rolled erosion control product composed of a UV tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.
stabilized, non-degradable, synthetic fibers, nettings or fila- As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
ments, or all of these, processed into three dimensional specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
reinforcement matrices. formed from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
3.2 For definition of other textile terms used in this test specimens should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to
method, refer to Terminology D 123. each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two
3.3 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles and laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
geomembranes used in this test method, refer to Terminology unpaired date and an acceptable probability level chosen by the
D 4439. two begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be corrected,
or the purchaser and supplier must agree to the light of the
1
known bias.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.05 on Geosyn-
thetic Erosion Control.
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published September 2000.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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D 6567
NOTE 1—The user should be aware that the makeup and possible the selvage or roll edge, unless otherwise specified. Cut five
movement of the composite materials, and the like, may affect the TRM’s 250 by 200 mm (10 by 8 in.) test specimens from the sample.
following the time when they are rolled up on rolls shipped and stored. Handle the specimens in a manner to avoid the loss of loose
6. Apparatus filler and weaving components.
6.1 Light Penetration Box—See Fig. 1 (length view), and 7.4 Number of Specimens—Unless otherwise agreed upon,
see Fig. 2: (width view) as when provided in an applicable material specification, take
a number of test specimens per laboratory sample such that the
NOTE 2—The light penetration box shown in Fig. 1: is built from 3⁄4 in. user may expect a 95 % probability level that the test result is
wood. not more than 5 % of the average above or below the true
6.2 Adjustable Rod with Light Bulb—See Fig. 3. average of the sample. Determine the number of specimens per
6.3 Light Meter—The light meter must measure in foot- sample as follows:
candles and be capable of measuring determined open area 7.4.1 Reliable Estimate of v—When there is a reliable
foot-candle reading as well as determined area with dense estimate of v based upon extensive past records for similar
TRM material in place. A meter with a digital readout such as materials tested in the user’s laboratory as directed in the
Extech Instruments Model 407026 Heavy Duty Light Meter is method, calculate the required number of specimens for the
recommended. laboratory sample using Eq 1, as follows:
6.4 Cutting Dies—The cutting dies must be capable of
n 5 ~tv/A!2 (1)
cutting specimen dimensions at least 200 mm (8 in.) by at least
250 mm (10 in.). where:
NOTE 3—Due to possible loss of loose internal components during n = number of test specimens (rounded upward to a whole
cutting and handling of many TRM’s, care should be exercised to number),
minimize these effects. v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of the
individual observations on similar materials in the
7. Sampling user’s laboratory under conditions of single-operator
7.1 Sample by Lot—In the absence of other guidelines, position, %,
divide the product into lots and sample as specified in Practice t = the value of Student’s t for one sided limits, a 95 %
D 4354. probability level, and the degrees of freedom associ-
7.2 Laboratory Sample—For the laboratory sample, take a ated with the estimate of v, and
full width sample of sufficient length along the selvage or edge A = 5.0 % of the average, the value of the allowable
of roll so that the requirements of 7.3 through 7.5.2 can be met. variation.
Exclude the inner and outer wraps of the roll or any material 7.4.2 No Reliable Estimate of v—When there is no reliable
containing folds, crushed areas or other distortions not repre- estimate of v for the user’s laboratory, Eq 1 should not be used
sentative of the sampled lot. directly. Instead, specify the fixed number (5) specimens. The
7.3 Test Specimens—Remove the test specimens from the number of specimens is calculated using v = 9.5 % of the
laboratory sample in a randomly distributed pattern across the average. These values for v are somewhat larger than usually
width with no specimen taken nearer than 100 mm (4 in.) from found in practice. When a reliable estimate of v for the user’s

FIG. 1 Light Penetration Box

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D 6567

FIG. 2 End View of Box

FIG. 3 Adjustable Rod and Bulb

laboratory becomes available, Eq 1 will usually require fewer 9.7 Repeat the procedure for each of the remaining speci-
than the fixed number of specimens. mens.
10. Calculation
8. Conditioning
10.1 Calculate the percent of light penetration as follows in
8.1 Bring the specimens to moisture and temperature equi-
Eq 2:
librium in the atmosphere for testing TRM’s, that is a tempera-
ture of 21 6 2°C (70 6 4°F) and relative humidity of 60 6 MR2
% light penetration 5 MR13 100 (2)
10 %.
where:
9. Procedure MR1 = meter reading prior to placement of specimen, and
9.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmo- MR2 = meter reading with specimen in place.
spheric condition as set forth in 8.1. 10.2 Calculate the average % light penetration for all
9.2 Care should be taken in handling of the test specimens specimens.
to avoid altering the natural finished state of the material.
11. Report
9.3 Close the top of box, cover the slot where the sample is
placed, and turn on the light source. Place the light meter on the 11.1 The report for the nominal % light penetration shall
shelf in front of the opening at the end of the box. include the following information:
9.4 Slide the adjustable rod with bulb inside the box to 11.1.1 Project, type of TRM tested, and test method of
obtain maximum brightness (highest meter reading), record sampling,
reading. 11.1.2 Specimen size used in testing if other than standard,
9.5 Open top of box and insert the specimen into the slotted 11.1.3 Number of tests performed,
area, being sure to leave no area open to avoid false readings. 11.1.4 Type of light source and testing apparatus used,
11.1.5 Average nominal % light penetration,
NOTE 4—A stiff opaque border may be use to ensure proper holding of 11.1.6 Coefficient of variation of light penetration within the
the specimen in place if material is flexible. When a border is used, the
meter reading taken before placement of the specimen, must include the
sample, in percent (optional), and
open border placed in the slot. 11.1.7 Any unusual observations or modifications of sample
specimens as manufactured or test method as described.
9.6 After the top has been closed and the slot opening
covered, obtain meter reading. Ensure meter is set on the 12. Precision and Bias
appropriate scale to obtain best reading. Record the results. 12.1 Precision—The precision of the procedure in this test

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D 6567
method is being evaluated. 13. Keywords
12.2 Bias—The procedure in this test method has no bias,
13.1 adjustable rod and bulb; light meter; light penetration;
because the % light penetration value of the property can only
light penetration box; TRM
be described in terms of the test method.

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