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    Pathophysiology: Aglossia

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    Dr-AHmad Fasfous AL-Qaisi
    This document discusses various developmental and structural abnormalities that can occur in the tongue. It identifies 10 different morphological variations: aglossia, microglossia, macroglossia, ankyloglossia, cleft tongue, pentafid tongue, fissured tongue, geographic tongue, hairy tongue, and median rhomboid glossitis. Each variation results from abnormalities during tongue development and is characterized by distinct structural features such as absence, small size, enlargement, fusion, or fissures of the tongue. Many of the variations are also associated with specific genetic syndromes.

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    Pathophysiology: Aglossia

    Uploaded by

    Dr-AHmad Fasfous AL-Qaisi
    112 views2 pages
    This document discusses various developmental and structural abnormalities that can occur in the tongue. It identifies 10 different morphological variations: aglossia, microglossia, macroglossia, ankyloglossia, cleft tongue, pentafid tongue, fissured tongue, geographic tongue, hairy tongue, and median rhomboid glossitis. Each variation results from abnormalities during tongue development and is characterized by distinct structural features such as absence, small size, enlargement, fusion, or fissures of the tongue. Many of the variations are also associated with specific genetic syndromes.

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    Pathophysiology

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    This document discusses various developmental and structural abnormalities that can occur in the tongue. It identifies 10 different morphological variations: aglossia, microglossia, macroglossia, ankyloglossia, cleft tongue, pentafid tongue, fissured tongue, geographic tongue, hairy tongue, and median rhomboid glossitis. Each variation results from abnormalities during tongue development and is characterized by distinct structural features such as absence, small size, enlargement, fusion, or fissures of the tongue. Many of the variations are also associated with specific genetic syndromes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    112 views2 pages

    Pathophysiology: Aglossia

    Uploaded by

    Dr-AHmad Fasfous AL-Qaisi
    This document discusses various developmental and structural abnormalities that can occur in the tongue. It identifies 10 different morphological variations: aglossia, microglossia, macroglossia, ankyloglossia, cleft tongue, pentafid tongue, fissured tongue, geographic tongue, hairy tongue, and median rhomboid glossitis. Each variation results from abnormalities during tongue development and is characterized by distinct structural features such as absence, small size, enlargement, fusion, or fissures of the tongue. Many of the variations are also associated with specific genetic syndromes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Pathophysiology

    Developmental and structural abnormalities of the tongue are common


    characteristics. The different morphological variations that might happen
    throughout the development of tongue are [5]: aglossia, microglossia,
    macroglossia, ankyloglossia, cleft tongue, pentafid tongue, fissured tongue,
    geographic tongue, hairy tongue, median rhomboid glossitis.

     Aglossia: congenital absence of the tongue is very rare. Usually, the tongue
    is absent in cases of gross underdevelopment or maldevelopment of the 1 st
    visceral arches.

     Microglossia: it’s rare developmental condition and is also called


    hypoglossia. Its defining feature may be a rudimentary or abnormally small
    tongue. It results in restricted muscular movement and is related to
    syndromes like Hanhart syndrome.

     Macroglossia: Macroglossia is an infrequently encountered condition


    characterized by tongue enlargement, seen in association with other
    congenital defects leading to syndromes such as down syndrome (trisomy
    21), Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

     Ankyloglossia: It occurs due to failure in cellular degeneration leading to a


    longer anchorage between the tongue and floor of the mouth; this is
    commonly known as "tongue-tied" and demonstrates an abnormally short
    lingual frenulum. Ankyloglossia can range in severity from mild to complete
    ankyloglossia in which the tongue gets fused to the floor of the mouth
    restricting its free movement.[6] A short lingual frenulum leading to tongue-
    tie is also associated with several genetic syndromes such as related
    Robinow syndrome, oral-facial-digital syndrome Type I, Opitz syndrome,
    and Van der Woude syndrome.

     Cleft tongue: It is also known as bifid tongue and occurs when the lateral
    swellings fail to merge. It can be partial or complete. The former is a more
    common entity and is manifested as a deep groove on the dorsal surface of
    the tongue in the midline. It occurs when the mesenchymal proliferation
    interferes with the merging leading to failure of the obliteration of the
    groove. There are reports of bifid tongue in syndromic cases like Opitz G
    BBB syndrome, oral-facial-digital syndrome type I, Klippel–Feil anomaly,
    and Larsen syndrome.[7]

     Pentafid tongue: Disturbance in the mesodermal penetration and


    mesenchymal fusion during the development of tongue development is
    responsible for this malformation.

     Fissured tongue: It is also known as scrotal tongue or lingua fissurata. It is


    congenital anomaly manifested as grooves oriented anteroposteriorly on the
    dorsal aspect of the tongue with multiple branches extending towards the
    lateral aspect. The grooves range from 2 to 6 mm in depth. In a severe form
    of the fissured tongue, when the grooves are extremely prominent and
    interconnected, the tongue may appear to be lobulated. It can also present in
    association with down syndrome or Melkerson-Rosenthal syndrome (a triad
    of fissure, granulomatous cheilitis, and cranial nerve VII paralysis).

     Geographic tongue: Geographic tongue, also known as lingua geographica


    or benign migratory glossitis is an inflammatory disorder caused by loss of
    filiform papillae.

     Hairy tongue: It is also known as a black hairy tongue and characteristically


    demonstrates the accumulation of excess keratin on the filiform papillae on
    the dorsal surface of the tongue leading to the formation of elongated strands
    resembling hair. This condition most commonly affects the midline just
    anterior to the circumvallate papillae, usually sparing the lateral and anterior
    borders.

     Median rhomboid glossitis: It is a condition that presents in the midline of


    the dorsal surface of the tongue, just in front of the circumvallate papillae. It
    presents as a well-demarcated, symmetric, depapillated area. However, it
    also occasionally appears in the paramedial location.

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