PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

oFFrcE oF THE cHrEF EN.TNEER (BUTLDTNG'), cHEpAUK,

cHENNAT-600 oo5

sub: Buildings - Recommendation of High Lever committee

constituted to survey Rivers and River beds in tr..,"
' Finding alternate materiar to sand - use of crushedstuiu
stone sand _ Instructions issued of _ Regarding.

Ref: This office retter No. AEE / TLo (B) / stato / 2003-r,
dated 25.05.2A04.
**x
The High Level committee consisting of scientists, .Geologists
and
Environmentarists constituted in G.o(2D).No.46, Industries,
dated 2s.09.2002to
conduct a specific survey with reference to sand quarrying
in rivers and river
beds in the state and submitted their findings and the
suggestions based on
their field visit and also considering the views expressed
by the District
Collectors to the Government.

2'0' one of major recommendation of the High Level Comrnittee is

that
initiative should be taken to encourage research programme
to find alternate
materlals for sand. During the course of arguments in the
batch of writ
petitions filed against G.o.Ms.No.g5, Industries, dated
01.10.2003, the Hon,bre
chief Justice High court, Madras also stressed the need to find
out an alternate
material for sand and to help to prevent the depletion of river
sand and save the
rivers from exploitation and ecology.
\]
3'0' In this regard instructions were already given to the Superintending
Engineers and Executive Engineers of Building organisation
vide this office letter
cited, to use the quarry dust as an alternate to sand after sieving
the quarry
dust as per the requirements specified in IS:383:L97Q, by replacing
30% of
sand requirements in a construction work.
 5.0. Because of the extensive use of sand as fine aggregate for
construction works, the availability of river sand is getting scarce due to the
multifarious construction activities in our state, it becomes very essential to
adopt alternate materials for river sand as fine aggregate.

6.0. In this regard, the Superintending Engineer, pWD., planning & Design
Circle (Buildings), Chennai has been requested to send a report on the usage of
crushed stone sand as fine aggregate in construction works. The Superintending
Engineer, PWD., Planning and Designs Circle, Chennai after obtaining test
reports from the Executive Engineer, PWD., Tamilaga Arasu Building Research
Station, Chennai-113 reported that crushed stone sand is nothing but the
crushed stone fines and which passes through the sieves as defined in IS:383-
L97A in respect of concrete, IS:1542-t992 in respect of mortar and IS:2116-
1980 in respect of masonry works provides the compressive strength as that of
natural sand and therefore the same can be used as alternate material to the
river sand.

7.0. Based on the Superintending Engineer's report and also

recommendations by Bureau of Indian Standards, permission is hereby accorded
to the field officers that the crushed stone sand shall also be used in construction
work as an alternate material to natural sand, wherever the Crushed stone sand
is available; provided that,

Proper mix design shall be made and adequate nurnber of cubes

tested for 28 days compressive strength and the required strength
ensured as per IS 456 I 2000.
ii. The Crushed stone sand to be used on concrete shall conform to the
gradation requirements as per IS 383 / rc7A specification for
coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for.concrete.

iii. The Crushed stone sand to be used on mortar for plastering shall
conform to the gradation requirements as per IS 1542 / 1992.

iv. The Crushed stone sand to be used on masonry work shall conform
to the gradation requirements as per IS 27.76 / 1980.

2
 v. Suitable admixtures as recommended by the BIS conforming
to
IS:4032-1985 shall be adopted while using quarry rock fines(
s.,aehcA gtot*
!a-oL)
vi. crushed stone sand manufactured onry from the approved quarry
can be used.

8.0. Stone dust and quarry rubbish for which rates are,available in
the
schedule of rates can be used only in filling low lying areas, filling
in basement
etc. Necessary steps will be initiated to include the crushed stone sand in the
schedule of rates, so as to adopt uniform rates through out the
state.

9'0' The use of crushed stone sand for Reinforced Cement Concrete
structure requires more detailed research studies before going in for
wide
practical application and hence, the instructions thereon will
be issued
separately.

10.0. A rnodel specification adopting Crushed stone sand as fine

aggregate for certain items involved in building works are prepared
and enclosed
herewith vide Annexure-I for ready reference and adoption.

11.0. The receipt of this circular memo may be acknowledged

Encl.t Annexure-I t

'. for Ch ngs)

To #nlr
All the Superintending Engineers &
Executive Engineers of pWD.,
Buildings Organisation.

Copy to

The Engineer-in-chief, wRo, & chief Engineer (General), pwD, Chennai-5

The Chief Engineer (Buildings), pWD, Chennai-5
The Joint Chief Engineer (Buildings), pWD, Chennai-5
The Deputy Chief Engineer (Buildings), pWD, Chennai-5
The HDo:I, HDO-II, o/o. the chief Engineer (Buirdings), pwD, chennai-5
The AEEs of all Technical sections, o/o. chief Engineer (.Bldgs), pwD, chennai-5
Stock File
Spare copies (50 Nos.)
 ANNEXURE-I

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

BUILDING ORGANISATION
SPECIFICATION FOR ITEM OF WORKS USING CRUSHED STONE SAND
(QUARRY ROCK DUST)

sf.
No. Description Unit
L supplying and filling in basement with sano a@ 1m'
dust [sand and quarry rubbish / stone dust mixed in the ratio of 1:1] in
layers of not more than 10cm thick well rammed, watered and well
consolidated complete complying with standard specification.

2 SupplyingandfillinginbasementwithGraver,@ 1mr
dust mix [gravel and quarry rubbish / stone dust mixed in the ratio of
1:11 in layers of not more than 10cm thick well rammed, watered and
consolidated upto the optimum limit complete complying with
Etandard
specification.

3 Cement concrete 1:5:10 [One part of cemenffi 1m'

stone sand and ten parts of hard broken stone jellyl using 4omm gauge
hard broken granite stone jelly for foundation including oewaieriig
wherever necessary and laid in layers of not more than 15im thick, weii
rammed consolidated and curing etc., complete complying with standard
specification. [The crushed stone sand to be used on concrete work
shall conform to gradation as per IS 383-19701

4 Brick work using ground mourded 2nd crass co@ 1m'

41/q" x23/+" set
in cement mortar 1:5 fone part of cement and five parts
of crushed stone sandl including finishing, curing etc., complete
complying with standard specification. [The crushed stone sand to be
used on brick work shall conform to IS 2116-19801

5 cement concrete 1:5:10 [one part of cement, fite parts of crusrred 1m'
stone sand and ten parts of hard broken granite stone jellyl using
40mm gauge hard broken granite stone jelly for flooring including laying
in alternate bays, consolidating, rendering the top surface rougn to iate
the floor finish and curing etc., cornplete complying with standard
specification. [The crushed stone sand to be used on concrete work
shall conform to gradation as per IS 383 - 19701

6 Providing granolithic floor finish of following thick with ptiin cemeni

concrete 1:2:4 [one part of cement, two parts of Crushed stone sand
and four parts of stone jellyl using 10mm to 12mm hard broken stone
jelly and the top surface shall be rubbed smooth with cement and
finishing, threading and curing in all floors etc., complete complying
with standard specification. [The crushed stone sand to be used on
concrete work shall conform to gradation as per IS 383 -rg7a and the
crushed stone sand to be used for mortar shall conform to IS 1542 -
19771

a 20mm thick 1m'

b 25mm thick 1m'
c 40mm thick 1m'
 Paving the floor with approved quality fine polished kota stone slab of
size 610 x 610 x 20mm laid over a cement morLar bed of 20mm thick
using cement mortar 1:3 [one part of cement and three parts of
crushed stone sandl fixing the slabs in true right angles with minimum
possible width of joints and pointing the joints with cement mortar 1:3
[one part of cement and three parts of crushed stone sand]. white
cement mixed with colouring pigments shall be used for slurry for
pointing the slab portion at the rate of 1.80 kg / sqm. and polishing with
floor polisher to a high degree of finish and curing etc., complete
complying with standard specification. [The crushed stone sand to be
used in base mortar shall conform to gradation as per IS 1542 - 7977)

Paving the floor with design colour ceramic tiles of size 305 x 305 x
6mm in all floors over a base layer of cement Mortar 1:3 [One part of
cement and three parts of crushed stone sandl 20mm thick pointed
with white cement mixed with colouring pigments at the rate of 0.3 kg /
sqm. including finishing neatly and curing etc., complete complying with
standard specification and as directed by the departmental officers.
[The crushed stone sand to be used in base moftar shall conform to
gradation as per IS 1542 - L9771

Dadooing the walls with best approved first quality printed design glazed
tiles of size 305 x 200 x 6mm set in cement mortar 1:2 [One part of
cement and two parts of Crushed stone sandl 10mm thick and pointed
with colour cement at the rate of 0.40 kg pbr sqm. finishing neaily and
curing in all floors etc., complete complying with standard specification.
[The Crushed stone sand to be used in base mortar shall conform to
gradation as per IS 1542 - L9771

Finishing the top of roof with one course of approved first quality
machine pressed tiles of size 230mm x 230mm x 20mm thick laid in
cement mortar 1:3 [One part of cement and three parts of Crushed
stone sandl, 12mm thick mixed with water proofing compound
conforming to indian Standard Specifications at 2olo by weight of cement
used and the joints pointed neatly to full depth of tiles with the same
mortar mixed with red oxide etc., complete complying with standard
specification. [The Crushed stone sand to be used in base mortar shall
conform to gradation as per IS 1542 - 19771

Plain cement concrete 1:2:4 [One part of cement, two parts of Crushed
stone sand and four parts of hard broken stone jellyl using 20mm / 10
to 12mm HBGS metal for wearing coat including laying consolidating,
finishing and curing etc., complete complying with standard specification
as directed by the departmental officers [The Crushed stone sand to be
used on concrete work shall conform to gradation as per IS 383 - Ig70
and also as per IS 456 - 20071

Foundation and basement

 special ceiling plastering and finishing the exposeo surrace or Rca items
of work with cement,moftar 1:3 [one part of cement and three parts of
crushed stone sandl, 10mm thick including hacking the surfaces and
providing cement mortar nosing for staircase steps, beading for
sunshade, finishing and curing etc., complete in all floors complying with
standard specification. [The crushed stone sand to be used in base
mortar shall conform to gradation as per IS tS4Z - Lg77J

Plastering with cement mortar 1:5 [one part of cement and five parts of
crushed stone sandl 12mm thick in all floors including finishing neaUy
curing etc., complete complying with standard specification. [The
Crushed stone sand to be used shall conform to IS 1542 - 79771

casting and fixing in position of 50mm thick RCC precast slab in cement
concrete 1:2:4 [one part of cement, two parts of crushed stone sand
and four pafts of stone jellyl using machine crushed hard granite broken
stone jelly of 20mm / 10mm to 12mm size excluding cost of steel
reinforcement but including cost of moulding charges, casting of slab,
finishing, curing and fixing the precast slab in position in all floors etc.,
complete complying with standard specification. [The crushed stone
sand to be used for concrete work shall conform to IS 383 - I97Ol

cement concrete 1:2.# lone part of cement, two parts of crushed stone
sand and four parts 6f stone jellyl using 20mm machine crushed hard
broken granite stone jelly for plain cement concrete precast pavement
slab of following size including moulding charges, finishing, curing and
fixing them in position including pointing with cement mortar 1:3 [one
part of cement and three parts of crushed stone sandl to full oepirr or
the slab etc., complete complying with the standard specification. [The
crushed stone sand to be used for concrete work shall conform to IS
383 - 1970 and in respect of modar shatl conform to IS IS42 - 19771

Pavement slab of size 60 x 60 x 5cm

Pavement slab of size 45 x 45 x 5cm

 GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU
PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
BUILDINGS ORGANISATION

oFFtcE oF THE ENGTNEER tN CHTEF (BU|LD|NGS) &

cHIEF ENGTNEER (BUTLDTNGS) CHENNAT REGTON AND CHTEF ENGTNEER (GENERAL)
PWD., CHEPAUK, CHENNAI 600 OO5

Circular Memorandum No. AEE / T10 / 57017 / 2012. dated 30.08.2012

Sub: Buildings- Finding alternate material to sand - Use of Crushed

Stone Sand - lnstructions issued -Regarding

Ref Recommendation of Superintending Engineer, PWD, Planning and

Design Circle, Chepauk Chennai in Letter No. SE/P&D/AA-|V/M-
Sand/ 2012 Dt.27 .08.2012

1.0. Sand resulting from the natural disintegration of rock which have been deposited by

streams / rivers are known as Natural Sand or River Sand. Extensive use of this river sand as

fine aggregate in construction works result in scarcity of river sand. Further Excess mining of

sand affects the river system and lowers the ground water level. Therefore it is imperative to find

alternate material to river sand. ln this connection a circular has already been issued in the

Chief Engineer ( Buildings) PWD , Circular No AEE/T101 5701712007 DT 09.05.2008 for the use

of Crushed Stone Sand as an alternate to river Sand, based on the Recommendations of the

High Level Committee consisting of Scientists, Geologists and Environmentalists constituted in

G.O (2D) No 46, lndustries d|25.09.2002.

2.0. The Sand Manufactured by crushing hard stones are called Manufactured Sand

(M-Sand) or Crushed Stone Sand. ln stone crusher units stone boulders are crushed and

converted in to 40mm, 20mm, 12mm, and 6mm stone jellies. The other crushed particles are left

unutilized as quarry debris and dust. The particles of sizes ranging from 4.75mm to 150 microns

are collected and commercially sold as Manufactured Sand or M-Sand in open market.
 3'0. The Quarry dust is not M-Sand and it should not be used as an alternate to sand

except for filling basement. Most of the M-Sand now sold in the open market produced by

compression crushing is flaky and more angular in shape. The surface texture is very rough and

concrete results in honey combing. The process of manufacturing M Sand shall be such that it
-
should give Cubical particles and the Manufactured Sand shall comply with Bureau of lndian

Standards to ensure good quality. Vertical Shaft lmpactor ( VSI) is the best machine for making

M-sand from stone and therefore the M-Sand manufactured using this type of machinery only

should be permitted for use in construction.

4.0. ln the circular under reference, the field officers of PWD have been permitted to use

Crushed Stone Sand in the construction work as an alternate material to Natural Sand subject

to certain conditions. Regarding this, it is reiterated specifically that the Crushed stone sand

should comply with all the provisions furnished in the following lS Codes and detailed in the

following paragraphs.

lS 383:1970 Gradation details for fine aggregate for concrete shall be ai in raole + ;
The information to be furnished by the supplier and the Description &
Physical characteristics of aggregates for concrete shall be as in
Appendix A & C

lS 2116 :1980 Gradation of sand to be used on masonry works srrail conrorrn to ne

requirements in Table I

ts 1542.1992 Gradation details of sand (Natural and crushed stone sano; ror internat
wall, Externalwall and Ceiling Plastering shall be as in Table 1

The tables mentioned above are enclosed in the Annexure for Ready Reference

4.1. Since the quality of the fine aggregate depends on the source and the nature of the

rock to be crushed, the information of the fine aggregate to be furnished by the supplier

should be as per the APPENDIX A of lS 383:1970 (Clause 0.8) enclosed in the Annexure.

4.2. ln the circular under reference it is already instructed to make proper Mix Design

and adequate number of cubes shall be tested for 28 days compressive strength as per lS

456:2000. lt is now instructed that the description and physical characteristics of aggregates for

concrete should be as on Appendix C of lS 383: 1970 wherein the Trade groups of Rocks
 ANNEXURE

TABLE 4 - lS 383:1970-F|NE AGGREGATES

IS SIEVE PERCENTAGE PASSING FOR

DESIGNATION
Grading Zone 1 Grading Zone ll Grading Zone lll Grading Zone lV
1Omm 100 100 100 100
4.7Smm 90-1 00 90-1 00 90-1 00 95-1 00
2.36mm 60-95 75-1 00 85-1 00 95-1 00
1.18mm 30-70 55-90 75-1 00 90-1 00
600micron 15-34 35-59 60-79 80-1 00
300micron 5-20 8-30 12-40 15-50
150micron 0-1 0 0-1 0 0-1 0 0-1 5

Note 1-For crushed stone sands, the permissible limit on 150-micron lS Sieve is increased
to 20
percent' This does not affect the 5 percent allowance permitted in 4.3 applying to
other sieve
sizes.

Note 2 - Fine aggregatecomplying with the requirements of any grading zone in this table is
&table for concrete but the quality of concrete produced will depend upon number of factors
including proportions.

Note 3 - Where concrete of high strength and good durability is required, fine aggregate
conforming to any one of the four grading zones may be used, but the concrete mix should be
properly designed. As the fine aggregate grading becomes progressively finer, that is, from
Grading Zones I to lV the ratio of fine should be progressively reduced. The most suitable fine
to coarse ratio to be used for any particular mix will, however, depend upon the actual grading,
particle shape and surface texture of both fine and coarse aggregates.

Note 4- lt is recommended that fine aggregate conforming to Grading Zone lV should not be
used in reinforced concrete unless tests have been made to ascertain the suitability of proposed
mix proportions.

4
 TABLE 1 of lS 2116-1980 GRADING OF SAND FOR USE lN MASONRY MORTARS

Percentage Passing
lS Sieve Designation
by Mass
4 75 mm 100

2.36 mm 90 to 100
1.18 mm 70 to 100
600 micron 40 to 100
300 micron 5to70
150 micron 0 to 15

Tabfe 1 of lS 1542:1992 - Grading of Sand for lnternal Wall or External Wall or Ceiling
Plaster

lS Sieve Designation (See

Percentage Passing
lS 460:1985)
1Omm 100

4.7Smm 95-1 00

2.36 mm 95-1 00

1.1Bmm 90-1 00

600 micron 80-1 00

300 micron 20-65

150 micron 0-1 5

NOTE - Forcrushed stone sands and crushed gravel sands, the permissible limit on 150 micron
lS Sieve is increased to 20 percent. This does not affect the 5 percent allowance permitted in 5.1.
 APPENDIX A of lS 383:1970 (Ctause 0.8):

A.I. DETAILS OF INFORMATION OF FINE AGGREGATE

A-1.1 When requested by the purchaser or his representative, the supplier shall provide the
following particulars:

a) Source of supply, that is, precise location of source from where the materials were
obtained;
b) Trade group of principal rock type present (as in Appendix c of the code);
c) Physical characteristics (see Appendix of the code C);
d) Presence of reactive minerals; and
e) Service history, if any.

A-1.2 Subject to prior agreement, the supplier shallfurnish such of the following additional

information, when required by the purchaser:

i. Specific gravity,
ii, Bulk density,
iii. Moisture content,
iv. Absorption value,
v. Aggregate crushing value or aggregate impact value,
vi. Abrasion value,
vii. Flakiness-index,
viii. Elongation-index,
ix. Presence of deleterious materials,
x. Potential reactivity of aggregate, and
xi. Soundness of aggregate

6
 ewwwwwww ffi
{ Cf.awse &o*X -3 }

wweffigw&w &vaw wwwffiw&s" ws&whffixw&%T&&w ffiw

effiwww&#xwf, www *&wffiw"wvw
&2. &w&w&v" w&g,ewwffiw
&3"& Ta enable detailed repsrrs en e&greg;eveft t* b* frs.r**& *yh fi. **wz*
p*rmble bmmisu the {ol,lww'i.ng general hea&ir'g* a*der vshrch tht aVpropriate
in{*rmatca,n mwy be given are suggested a'e a yfi&e:
x) Trede Group*W*r wwarxpleu graxit*u lizcxwst*yhe v"n& u*nds1r*yze
{see ***.A}i
b)' Felroteg;eal J,fame awdilescriptiaw*Tht cayy*s:t petrcloglcal name
should be us*d an& *hszzldfu* a***uwprxi*& fuy &bri*{ des*nipeicm
u{ xzx*9a ry*ryrVi*x ag }r*rd$egs o *rtlu,*r, graim, iwzp*r{ext&xna, et*;
e] #esmiptdoYz of efze &wtk*Yhe &xgree- *f *Z*annzrxts\ t16;t i*n {rex**xn
{r*rn dw*r, sfu*w\& b* *txt*& wrz& rxtxrrlw*x snad,e tr* tfux pnxsente *F
any piaeee **t r*pte**ztt*live' wt zhe bz*\k., azx:Tr" ux *\st*gate& *r
ffiwby piecm;
&j Fwrtixta &&a@ * 9et Wr*&; *n*."
*j $urfxa* Tes*wa* Sw W-ffi"
&9. H0&g&F{#x'aT[I&ffi ffiw ffi&ww
&g.e Th* tx*izni*al no*n*,ndezl*re *t r**k* is urt *wtwm*irsn *n* an& {*r
praatieag pul'po$e$ fit i* suffrcient t* W*u t*g*tltxr wlr.ks qtsqsx rw*k"*.baving
certain petnological charactenisaics in cercturan. Aamrd.inglt,, the list oi
tr*de gro*ps givan zn Wft"t is adopted t*r th* aanws,niente *t pradurers and
wwrx *{ s?*c}e"

&&.& WwMw &w*wgt* ef &seke Wee& w* Mwwgr*&a &gry*6wx*

Ww,wsa uf trad* 6?'oxtps ; dran iee, &abbru u &plzt* u W*t*rt**,Khyolite,
Basalf, #xxd.xt*rze.u E*i"uw*ut*rexr &ranwlite,
&neias, &ttziut an& }ldar*I*
 ESrKS-!$7*

&X,g"g List ef &srkr Flacxd tlndet the Approfriate Trade Srnupr*The'

t*yreqt identifi*atign sf e toch and its placing under the appropriate trade
gr*lrp shail be lelt to tlte de*inic* ef the Genlcgical $urvey clf India or
sny ct:rnpef*nt geologist.
gsrussw& &**E{s
*rsnilt #rcwP
Grani;e Cranodinrite
Gr;ln*phyvs &ior!te
$yani*e
{iabf;r* #rCIttp
tlabbrt: X)erid*rite
S*rite Fyrox*niae
Annrt!:**it* fr,pidir:rir*
GraaP
"4pli\e
Apl!te Qyartz rv*{
F*rphyry
il*te$te Gr*ttP
"!""arnpraphyr*
Ilclerite
kiEetiu Gr**P
Khyoliee Felsile
Yractreyte Furtri*ite
Eese{t €roaP
&.ndecie* Sasale

sxsg&gsv{Y&&Y &SfrKS
Sandsisore Greup
$a$d$t&ne &r'v,a*e
Qp.artaite
#raywa*k*
Grit
Ltwal*rl,e 6rawP
Lim*st*r:* 9]*Scrrxirs

ME?-EMESAPF{XC ft,SffiK$
Sraarififr xz# Gr*iss #r*rPr
Granice gr:eiss Arnphib*lite
fi*mpsit* gxe{ss #ranulite
$eftist &rwP
$Iate Pbyliite
$chisr
JMws.k 6rouP
Sdarlvle f,cyst*Ilirr*
Lirne*aeame

I
E&zW9-&W7&

%7&" WeWTgffiK"W Sgg&Pg &ru$& Sq;&#'effi WWIWWWW"WT

*"&,& Tfuw esterr*ai claaracteristies wt any zniwtwe *{ rx"^Lzzqral wp;gr*ryte

i.m*lztd'* w wide* variety *{ p,hy*i*|nhap*, c*}*ur a*d sz*r{ane ean&|ti*m, 3w
wr&,er tw av*id lengrl:v deseriptiolre, it way b* emn:r*ni*ree w apptry t*
di*rfui*rive &r#ep type* *{ #Sg.regat*s sssr?e gsner&1a tel?yyt which c*u}d be
a&*pte&.

*^&"X T*e *iexple sy$tel'm chown iw Ta\fiex I *n& V fua*, Ekwwfr,re, @*n
&*wLw& wn& is put f*rward in ehe tbg_t h*y w|trl {wxiLitut* &*{lzxxng t&*
gs.

e&xentia,l feagure* *f b*th pp-rv.itge s\zap *x& *zsr{**e xfuar*.*tert*tie*.

grs?-!ps" Tlae grouping in br*ad; it d$es r'&z rv2yryrq w W a pver:iw

peer*graplaical classificaticn hr:t in based w?** e wiszsaV *xa*zira*t:r*w *{
hand specifllens. With **rtais: rvrat*rial*, ktrt*weveru it^ rxay bt n****wrrS
{o u&e a cerrnbir"r*d descripri*ru wizlz mq*re tban *ne W*\sW nvrnbrr {*r an
adeqr:are d*e*riprio:,1 *f the surface t*xaur"e$ F*v w"arrep\*u *rwahed, ryavel,
tr amd *; <slites 3 and 5"

gA-Be& 6 P**,s'Amv,w &K&&ww

i fixurv *"S.9 ]

*aasexrrtarrg*xr *xarm:twsttm 3r"&ttsre.a- Wawwr"w

7r&9w tlw
tlwexxar.u,s,sh-
gte &xwqzwxtaw

r'r
t|,
r fsr
!4, t3\ {8,\
| "J

'W"ivw
ft*unded Fxlly wel*r tv&r& er e*cte- Fis.1, ov waekwre grav*la;
W&er.qly shaped by warix'uw slwrt, seasliore and
veiwdltlry*t* *andLa

Irrqular or partly I{aturally irr*gular, or p*nly V&e.2 ?iz wnds" and gravelr;
roiended ahaped by acniti*n, e*d \wrzd ar dug - frinrr;
***vin g ror.emded edgea rx*c reck
S.nprlar Fr**eering weltrde$n*d edget Yis.9 Cruahed :noaks sf a\I
fcrm*d et ttre i&ier-$sct{0tr zypw; zaizw; wreee
af roa:ghly pla:rar fneea

Ftrnhy fulareria"8, ele'uxl.ly *"rryrilar, y^W, I L.ami,*wted rwks

of which the tleiekpres* !x
ems9tr relarive rc rhe width
andl*r l*ngtFr
 X&:3&3 -9.*7*

v&wLw 7
I Clwsa C-3.7.)

*s,*vw 9wwsaca ?sg.r$srx Yxaw*r"w

I &trassy Elaek flint
f $m*r:th Chart, *lateu marbi*, snme ril'r"*iife
3 #ras*!ar Sa?rdstgtrs, $oliiss

4 Cr"lrx.talline Fine: Baxalt, t **lyt't* t *.er*t*pbyr*

fvfecli*m : tlalertr*, gra:rophyr*, gran ulite, $xir;r*6w-
nit*, *ltm* !imart*e:e*, mat>.y dalamiw"
{*staet, 6abbro, gneis*, granit* u 6rx**di*rk*, aywfi*.e
l**nev es}mbs{t e$d $c.nriae, pirfilic€, rrlsq
?

p*rou9

&tn t

Frc. 2 Faecrcr-E Slrerp: ?g.p.w.*ur"*w

10
&&rW#-?*7&

Ww" 3 Faar:c:"s $tanpwl Auauz*.p.n

F'rc. 4 Faarccle $ee*pn: F'usav

11
 PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
BUILDINGS

OFFICE OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF (BUILDINGS),

CHIEF ENGINEER (BUILDINGS) CHENNAI REGION AND
CHIEF ENGINEER (GENERAL), PWD.,
CHEPAUK, CHENNAI – 5

Technical Circular No. AEE / T10 / 57017 , dated 12.07.2017

Sub : Building – Crushed Stone Sand (CS-Sand) - Alternate material

to River sand – Circular Instructions issued - Regarding

Ref : Engineer-in-Chief (Buildings) & Chief Engineer (Buildings)

Chennai Region and Chief Engineer (General), PWD., Circular
No. AEE / T10 / 57017 / 2012, dated 30.08.2012

****

1.0. In recent years, considerable emphasis has been made by the experts in the
construction industry to use Manufactured Sand (M-Sand) as River Sand resources are
exhausting very rapidly. It has also been proved that Good quality M-sand can be used as an
alternative construction material to River sand.

2.0. Though the definition of Manufacturing Sand (M-Sand) as per IS 383:2016 code
refers to processed fine aggregates, the Crushed Stone Sand is commercially called as M-sand
in the Market.

3.0. IS 383:2016 code under clause 3.1.2 defines the crushed sand as, (1) Crushed
stone sand - Fine aggregate produced by crushing hard stone. (2) Manufacturing fine
aggregate (Manufactured Sand) - Fine aggregate manufactured from other than natural
sources, by processing materials, using thermal or other process such as separation, washing,
crushing and scrubbing.

4.0. In the reference circular cited, PWD permitted to use Crushed Stone Sand
hereafter called “CS-Sand” in the construction work as an alternate material to Natural Sand
with the condition that it should comply with all the requirements as stipulated by relevant
codes of Bureau of Indian Standards.

5.0. However, there has been general reluctance to use the CS-Sand in construction
works mainly due to lack of supply of good quality CS-Sand. It has been noticed that Quarry
Dust which contains Flaky particles and higher percentage of Micro fines (particles less than 75
micron) is being supplied in the name of CS-Sand and these properties affect the quality of
concrete and other works.
 6.0. Hence, in continuation of earlier circular instructions issued, to bring awareness
about the use of good quality CS-Sand and to promote the use of the CS-Sand an alternate to
River Sand, the following further circular instruction are issued in respect of quality checks to
be carried out on CS-Sand and the manufacturing process of good quality CS-Sand.

Quality checks on Crushed Stone Sand

7.0. Following aspects help to assess the quality of CS-Sand.

• Carrying out Simple field tests for certain parameters.

• Testing at the Laboratories shall be in accordance with IS Bureau of Indian
Standards.
• Inspection of CS-Sand production unit to ensure that the unit has the five stage
processes established and practiced.

Field Tests on Crushed stone sand

8.0. Keeping in hand the Crushed Stone Sand taken from a heap and just by visual
observation and rubbing it in between fingers, excess presence of quarry dust , flakiness ,
gradation , texture of crushed stone sand etc., is verified and quality can be ensured based on
the experience.

Testing of CS-Sand by “visual observation” and “rubbing with hand”

to assess the presence of Quarry dust

Shape test by visual observation

9.0. Particles retained on 4.75mm and 2.36 mm can be verified visually for the particle
shape. Additionally, an image taken with the help of Mobile camera that has resolution of 8 MP
and more can be zoomed to verify the shape.

Good quality CS-Sand (2.36mm) - Cubical River Sand (2.36mm) - Cubical

 Poor Quality CS-Sand with Flaky Particles Good Quality CS-Sand

VSI Crushed Sand - Cubical - Good Quality JAW Crushed Sand - Flaky - Poor Quality

Particle Size Distribution by Sieve Analysis

10.0. Sieve Analysis can be carried out at site with the set of sieves as stipulated by
BIS to find out the particle size distribution of CS-Sand across various size fractions.

Particles less than 75 micron (Micro fines)

11.0. This test is done by “Wet Sieving” CS-Sand sample through 75 micron sieve
through which the presence of Micro fines can be measured. Though IS 383:2016 accepts 15%
as upper limit for presence of Micro fines, according to Industry experts it is advisable to limit
this upper value to 7%.
Cube test for compressive strength

12.0. After the use of CS-Sand, to test the compressive strength of concrete, the
specimen of required numbers of standard cube of (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm) have to be
casted and cured in water and tested for 3, 7 and 28 days and test results should comply the
stipulated requirements of Bureau Indian Standards.

Laboratory Tests on CS-Sand

13.0. CS-Sand should adhere to the highest standards and must undergo the following
quality tests
1. Sieve analysis
2. Specific gravity
3. Water absorption
4. Bulk density (loose and compact)
5. Alkali aggregate reaction
6. Soundness
7. Deleterious materials
8. Organic impurities
9. Micro fines content
10. Chloride and Sulphate Content
11. Petro graphical Analysis if Manufacturer does not possess.
12. Tests for Silt and clay

14.0. List of few labs for conducting test on CS-Sand are furnished below :

1. National Test House, Government of India, Taramani, Chennai

2. ICOMAT- The IIT incubated lab, Perungudi, Chennai
3. Soil Mechanics and Research Lab, PWD, Taramani, Chennai
4. Tamilaga Arasu Building Research Station, Taramani, Chennai
5. Labs of various Engineering Colleges all over Tamilnadu
Plastering

15.0. The specialized CS-Sand of particular gradation (as called Puuchchu Manal)
should alone be used for plastering with addition of super plasticiser at the rate of 100ml per
bag of cement for better bonding and achieving the required strength of plaster.

Caution

16.0. By-products during crushing of rocks are not Crushed Stone Sand. A Crusher Dust
(or Quarry Dust) produced from fine screening of quarry crushing cannot be called Crushed
Stone Sand.
 The fine particles obtained, as by-products during crushing of rocks to produce coarse
aggregates (by jaw crusher and/or cone crusher) are known as Quarry Rock Fines / Quarry
Dust / Crusher Dust. These by-products are not suitable for concrete or mortar as they contain
higher percentage of dusty, flaky particles of un-controlled sizes with high water absorbent
property. If the crusher dust is flaky and angular in shape, the workability will be very difficult.
There is no plasticity in the concrete and mortar which makes it even difficult for the mason to
work, whereas if it is cubical in shape with grounded edge, superior gradation and good
plasticity to concrete will be obtained.

17.0. Crushed Stone Sand (CS-Sand) manufacturing process

Quarrying good Stones

Jaw Crushers

Cone Crushers

Vertical shaft Impactor

screening

washing

Crushed Stone Sand

Jaw Crusher Cone Crusher

18.0. Vertical Shaft Impact (VSI) Crusher

This involves an important stage of using Tertiary crusher called Vertical Shaft Impact
(VSI) Crusher which carries out a combined process of reducing coarser particles into finer
particles and shaping the fine particles by removing the flaky and weak edges.
 Input Feed

Vertical Shaft Impact (VSI) Crusher

19.0. Conclusion

Adhering to the above mentioned technical aspects and based on various studies
conducted by Industry experts and also examination made by TNPWD, Use of Good quality
Crushed stone Sand with distinctive properties, manufactured following the above mentioned
processes can be permitted in PWD for construction works as alternate material to River Sand.

Further it is informed that, Good Quality C.S-Sand provides greater durability and
required strength to concrete by overcoming deficiencies like segregation, honey combing,
voids and capillary action.

Hence, through this circular memorandum, it is instructed that all the officials of PWD
are requested to use CS-Sand in construction activities as alternate to River Sand without any
reluctance by adhering to all the above instructions.

The rates for Crushed Stone Sand and River Sand are provided vide page 19 of PWD
Schedule of Rates for the year 2017-2018.

(Sd/- R. Jayasingh)
ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF (BUILDINGS),
CHIEF ENGINEER (BUILDINGS) CHENNAI REGION AND
CHIEF ENGINEER (GENERAL), PWD.,
CHEPAUK, CHENNAI – 5
To
All Chief Engineers of PWD,
All the Superintending Engineers of PWD,
All the Executive Engineers of PWD,
All the AEEs & HDO, O/o Engineer-in-Chief (Buildings), PWD., Chennai
Copy to the Principal Secretary to Government, Finance Department, Secretariat, Chennai-9
Copy to the Principal Secretary to Government, Public Works Department, Secretariat, Chennai-9
/ "'r

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

BUILDINGS

oFFTCE OF THE ENGTNEER-rN-CHTEF (BUILDTNGS),

CHIEF ENGINEER (BUILDINGS) CHENNAI REGION AND
CHIEF ENGINEER (GENERAL)/ PWD.,
CHEPAUK, CHENNAT - 5

sub : Building -crushed Stone Sand (CS-Sand)- commerciagy caged as

M sand - product approvar by the pwD Assessment Committee -
Circular Instructions issued _ Regarding

Ref : 1. G.O. Ms. No. 106, Department of Housing, dated 06.03.1975

2. Engineer-in-Chief (Buirdings) & Chief Enginee.r (Buirdings)
Chennai Region and Chief Engineer (General), pWD., Circular
No. AEE / T]-O I 57017 / dated t}.o7.2Ot7

1'0' In this office Circular 2nd cited orders were already issued to use the M Sand
(technically called as Crustred stone sand) as alternate to River
sand.

2'0' It is necessary to identify and use good quality M Sand in all building works executed
by PWD. To ensure the quality of the M.Sand, firms manufacturing M Sand
may
place their product in the PWD Assessment Committee for approval
of the product.

3.0. The Government in G.o. Ms. No. 106, Department of Housing, dated
06.03.1975
constituted Assessment Committee to evaluate the innovations in use of materials
and construction techniques with representatives from various institutions.

4.0. At present the Assessment committee is constituted with Engineer-in-Chief

(Buildings) & Chief Engineer (Buildings) Chennai Region and
Chief Engineer
(General), PWD.,, as chairman and the superintending Engineer pwD pranning
,
and Design circle Chennai as Member Secretary. The members of this
committee
are representatives from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS), Anna University, Structural Engineering Research Centre (SERC),
Tamil Nadu Housing Board, Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board, Tamil Nadu police
Housing Corporation, Tamil Nadu Electricity Board, Directorate of Technical
Education, Military Engineering Service, Institution of Engineers and Builders
Association.
It*,,fl -"*
t *s'
Lt'-
5'0' The Assessment committee examines the product
details based on the Bureau of
- Indian standards and based on the Test Reports from
the Government
laboratories such as National test house or MSME laboratories
and Laboratories of
Government Academic Institution such as IIT, IIT incubated
Labs, Anna University
etc' The committee issues product approval certificates with
a validity of three years.
After three years firms should apply for renewal of approval
with necessary details.
6'0' Now it is instructed that the M sand products manufactured by the firms
also have to
apply for' the approval of the PWD Assessment committee
like other building
materiars to quarify for use in pwD Government projects.

7'0" In this connection the form of application/ checklist for approval

to be submitted to
the assessment committee is enclosed.

B'0' The application should be submitted along with the details

of Registrations/ licences,
the facilities available including the machineries etc along with
the Test Reports
from the State / central Government laboratories such
as National test house or
MSME laboratories, or PWD sM&R Laboratory or Government
Academic Institution
such as IIT, IIT incubated laboratories , Anna University,
Government Engineering
colleges' The test reports should show compliance of the
specifications of M sand as
per BIS standards as already issued in the circular
2nd cited.

9'0' After the application is received by the chairman Assessment Committee,

the
product details shall be placed in the PWD Assessment
committee through the
Member secretary and approval certificate shall be issued
by pwD only upon
approval by the committee

10'0' Executive Engineer, PWD should inspect the manufacturing unit

and site to verify the
details furnished in the application for approval.

11'0' After approval also the nominated PWD Engineer shall inspect then
and there to see
that the M sand is manufactured as per approved specification. whenever
any
deviations in manufacturing process/ quality of the products aie
noticed the approval
sfiall be cancelled by the chairman of the Assessment Committee pwD
at any time.
 Hence, through this circular memorandum, the Superintending Engineers and
Executive Engineers of PWD are requested to interact with the interested firms which are
manufacturing M Sanci as per BIS Specifications so as to apply for approval of their product
in the PWD Assessment committee to qualify for the use of their product in the Government
works.

Encl : Application and Check list for approval of M Sand.

L<a\Pfl
\\
for
\v\
(Buildin'gs),
i

Chief Engin s) Chennai Region &

.rChief Enq
r )cx-
General) PWD.
'-Wrt'" ,..,
,[i"{qt''
To:

1. All Chief Engineers of PWD, Wi.O a S.O.

2. All Superintending Engineers of PWD/ WRD & B.O.
3. AII the Executive EnEineers of PWD, WRD & B. O.
+. All the Executive Engineers of PWD, WRD & B.O.
q
All the AEEs & HDO, O/o. Engineer-in-Chief (Buildings),pWD, Chennai.

copy:
1. The Principle Secretary to Government, Public Works Department, Secretariat.
Chennai - 600 009.
2. All the District Collectors.
3. Commissioner of Geology and Mining, Department of Geology and Mining, Thiru.Vi.Ka.
Industrial Estate, Guindy, Chennai - 600032.
4. All Assessment Committee Members of
(i) Indian Institute of Technology (liT),
(ii) Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS),
(iii) Anna University,
(iv) Structural Engineering Research Centre (SERC),
(v) Tamil Nadu housing Board,
(vi) Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board,
(vii) Tamil Nadu Police Housing Corporation,
(viii) Tamil Nadu Electricity Board.
(ix) Directorate of Technical Education,
(x) Military Engineering Service,
(xi) institution of Engineers and Builders Association.
5. Spare Copy to File,
 CHECKLIST FOR
PRoDUCT APPROVAL OF THE CRUSHED STONE SAND * CS SAND ( M SAND)
BY THE ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE OF THE PUBLTC WORKS DEPARTMENT,
GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU

1 a. Name of Applicant / Company

b. Full Address

Telephone Number

d. Mobile Number

e. Email ID

Details of Registration of Company (enclosed

f copies) - /
Whether Individual, Private Public
Limited Company / Proprietorship firm etc.

o Tax/-GST Registration

h. Location of Manufacturing Unit

1 Sources of Raw Materials

j Annual Turnover

k. PAN No. iT Retums

I Experience in this field

Employees in the firm

m. (i) Technical
(ii) Non-Technical

2
Product, Product Range for which approval is
required (Any brand name)
 Machineries / Equipments auaitabte t'o.
manufacturing
(i) Collection of Good Stones
(ii) Jaw Crusher
J a.
(iii) Cone Crusher
(iv) Vertical Shaft Impactor
(v) Sieve

Own in house Laboratories / testing facilities

b.
available in the Factory
& Site

Whether enclosed Test Reports (Test Reports

Test Reports from the State
/ Central Govemment
laboratories such as National test house or
4. MSME laboratories, or pWD SM & R
Laboratory or Govemment Academic Institution
such as IIT, IIT incubated laboratories, Anna
University, Govemment Engineering Colleges)

5
Technical Specification / codes Followed for
manufacturing

6 Whether supplied to Govemment departments?

Whether the firm or connected person in firm

7
involved in any legal case - If yes iurnish cletails

Note: A,ny other copy of document required by the coimmittee is to be fumished.

"61
for n-Chief (Buildings) ,
Chief Engi ings) Chennai Region &
Chief Engin {Gener"al) PWD.
CONITENTS OF'TI{E DOCUI\{ENTS TO BE ENCI,OStrD WITH THE APPTICATX}}.I

(Attested photocopies should tre furnished)

of the Company, Annual

General Profile PART 1

1 turnover Manufacturing and Distribution

Facilities/ Details of Machineries etc

7 Product/Product range for which approval is PART 2

sought/ Pamphlets etc

3 Licenses/ Firm Registrations/ GST registration/ PART 3

ISO Certification etc/ lT Returns

4 Test Reports Test Reports from the State / PART 4

Central Government laboratories such as
National test house or MSME laboratories, or
PWD SM&R Laboratory or Government
Academic lnstitution such as llT, llT incubated
laboratories , . Anna University, Government
Engineering colleges

5 Description/ Technical specifications of the PART 5

products/Product ra n ge

6 Product Approvals already available / PART 6

Performance Certificate / Purchase Order / List of
clients
)4
)$\ i

d\
tor Engrneer
;\q)
f (Buildirngs!,
i

Chief Engineer (Bgffin Chennari Re$ion a,

Chief Engineer Ineral) PWD.

9<^i*
 Machinerieffi
manufacturing
(i) Collection of Good Stones
(ii) Jaw Crusher
3 4.
(iii) Cone Crusher
(iv) Vertical Shaft hnpactor
(v) Sieve

b.
Own in house Laboratories / testing facilities
available in the Factory
& Site

Whether enclosed Test Reports (Test Reports

Test Reports from the State / Centrai Govemment
Iaboratories such as National test house or
4. MSIvIE laboratories, or pWD SM & R
Laboratory or Govemment Academic Institution
such as IIT, IIT incubated laboratories, Anna
University, Govemment Engineering Colleges)

5
Technical Specification / codes Followed for
manufacturing

6 Whether supplied to Government departments?

1 Whether the firm or connected person in firm

involved in any legal case - If yes iurnish cletails

Note: Any other copy of document requirei by the committee is to be furnished.

n61
;{
for -Chief (Buitdings) ,
Chief Engi ings) Chennai Region &
Chief Engin General) PWD.
6
-Yiv\*'
H
FORM OF COVERING LETTER FOR APPROVAL OF THE PRODUCT

COMPANY LETTER PAD TITLE

Date:
Place:

To

Engineer-in-Chief (Buildings),
Chief Engineer (Buildings) Chennai Region &
Chief Engineer (General), PWD.,
Chepauk, Chennai-600 005.

Sir,

Sub : "M Sand" Product approval by Public Works Department Assessment committee-
Application and 6 point document - Company Name. Reg.

We enclose filled in application for approval of our "M Sand" product in the Tamil Nadu

Public Works Department Assessment Committee. We enclose the enquired details in the
prescribed 6 point document.

We are also sending the soft copy of the filled checklist to [email protected]

Encl: Checklist for Product Approval of the M Sand.

Yours Sincerely,

:tAuthorized Signatory|