DELTEC ENGINEERING LIMITED

PROJECT NAME: DATE : 3/26/2018

LOCATION: TANK 03 & 04 BEAM NUMBER: 01
DESIGN BY: FIO CHECKED BY: SAI
Engr. Ivovi

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RING BEAMS

DESIGN DATA

SECTION GEOMETRY
Ring Radius (Centres) 14.4 m
Number of Radial supports (n) 12
Centres Adjacent of diametral supports 6m
Angle between supports , θ = 2π/n = 30 deg
Beam Overall height 0.9 m
Beam Width 0.6 m
Ring perimeter 90.51 m
Ring Area 651.7 m2
Column Thickness 0.4 m
Column Width or diameter (dcol) 0.4 m
Wall Thickness or Upstand Beam 0.4 m
Wall Height or Upstand Beam 1.2 m
Slab Thickness 0.5 m
Additional material (dead load) thickness 0m
Height of Tank 16 m
DENSITY OF MATERIALS
Density of stored material= 10 kN/m3
Density of concrete= 24 kN/m3
Density of additional material= 0 kN/m3
Tank Weight = 2397.35 kN

LOADING
Weight of Walls or Upstand Beam = 24 x 1.2 x 0.4 = 11.52 kN/m
Weight of Steel Tank = 2397.35 / 90.51 26.49 kN/m
Weight of Bottom Slab = 24 x 0.5 x 0.5 x 6 = 36 kN/m
Weight of Liquid stored = 10 x 16 x 0.5 x 6 = 480 kN/m
Weight of additional material = 0 x 0 x 0.5 x 6 = 0
Self Weight of Beam = 24 x (0.9-0.5) x 0.6 = 5.8 kN/m
Total Dead Load = 79.81 kN/m
Total Live Load = 480 kN/m
Factor of Safety for dead = 1
Factor of Safety for live = 1
Total Load in Service = 559.81 kN
Ultimate Load (w) = 1 x 79.81 + 1 x 480 = 559.81 kN/m

DESIGN OF RING BEAMS

Maximum negative support moment = K1wr2

Maximum positive span moment = K2wr2

Maximum torsional moment = K3wr2

Total Support Reaction, R = wr(2θ)
Shear Force at d from face of any Support = wrθ-w(dcol/2+d)

The coefficients are given below

α0 for Tu
Number of Supports θ = 2π/n K1 K2 K3 (max)
4 90 0.215 0.11 0.033 22
5 72 0.136 0.068 0.0176 16.5
 DELTEC ENGINEERING LIMITED
PROJECT NAME: DATE : 3/26/2018
LOCATION: TANK 03 & 04 BEAM NUMBER: 01
DESIGN BY: FIO CHECKED BY: SAI
Engr. Ivovi

6 60 0.093 0.047 0.0094 14.8

8 45 0.052 0.026 0.004 11.6
9 40 0.042 0.021 0.0029 11
10 36 0.034 0.017 0.0019 10
11 33 0.029 0.015 0.0016 9.25
12 30 0.024 0.012 0.0012 8.5
15 24 0.014 0.007 0.0005 6.5

From the above table;

Number of supports (n) = 12
θ = 2π/n = 30 deg.
K1= 0.024
K2= 0.012
K3= 0.0012
α0 = 8.5 deg.
maximum angle for torsion= 8.5 deg.
Radius, r= 14.4 m
Maximum negative support moment = 0.024 x 559.81 x 14.4^2 = 2786 kNm
Maximum positive span moment = 0.012 x 559.81 x 14.4^2 = 1393 kNm
Maximum torsional moment = 0.0012 x 559.81 x 14.4^2 = 139 kNm
Shear Force at Supports
= 559.81 x 14.4 x 3.142 x 1/12 = 2111 kN
Shear Force at "deff" from face of Supports 1536 kN

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Design Strength of Concrete, fck = 25 N/mm2
Design Strength of Reinforcement, fyk= 410 N/mm2
αcc= 1
γc= 1.5
Nominal Cover to reinforcement = 50 mm
Span Reinforcement
MEd = 1393 kNm
bw = 600 mm
bf = 600 mm
Effective Depth, (d) = h - Cnom - ф/2 - фlinks =
Main bar ф= 25 mm
Link ф= 10 mm
C/S Area of one main bar= 491 mm2
C/S Area of one Link= 78.6 mm2
d = 827.5 mm
k = MEd/(fckbfd2) = 0.1356 < 0.167
COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT NOT REQUIRED
la = 0.5+√(0.25-k/1.134)= 0.86114
Take la = 0.86114
z = lad = 0.86114 x 827.5 = 712.59335 mm
Asl = Med / (0.87fykz) = = 1393x10^6 / (0.87 x 410x712.59335)
Asl = 5480 mm2
Provide 12 H25 Btm
Asprov = 5892 mm2

Support Reinforcement
MEd = 2786 kNm
bw = 600 mm
 DELTEC ENGINEERING LIMITED
PROJECT NAME: DATE : 3/26/2018
LOCATION: TANK 03 & 04 BEAM NUMBER: 01
DESIGN BY: FIO CHECKED BY: SAI
Engr. Ivovi

bf = 600 mm
Effective Depth, (d) = h - Cnom - ф/2 - фlinks
Main bar ф = 25 mm
Link ф = 10 mm
C/S Area of one main bar = 491 mm2
C/S Area of one Link = 78.6 mm2
d = 827.5 mm
k = MEd / (fckbfd2) = 2786x10^6/(25x600x827.5^2)
k = 0.271 > 0.167
COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED
la = 0.5+√(0.25-k/1.134) = 1.00
Take la= 0.95
z= lad = 0.95x827.5 = 786.125 mm
Asl = MEd/(0.87fykz) 2786x10^6/(0.87x410x786.125)
Asl= 9935 mm2
Provide 21 H25 Top
Asprov= 10311 mm 2

Design for shear and Torsion

The maximum resistance of a member subjected to torsion and shear is limited by the capacity of the
concrete struts
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max ≤ 1 (Equation 6.29, EC2)
Shearforce at deff from the face of support, Ved = 1536 kN
TEd = 139 kNm
VRd,max = Maximum shear resistance of the section
TRd,max = Maximum torsional resistance moment
Geometrical Properties for Analysis of Torsion
Area (A) = 0.9 x 0.6 x 10^6 = 540000 mm2
Perimeter (U) = 2 x (0.9 + 0.6) x 10^6 = 3000 mm
Equivalent thickness=tef,i=A/U= 540000 / 3000 = 180 mm
Ak = Area enclosed by the centre lines of the connecting walls
= (0.9 x 10^3 - 180) x (0.6 x 10^3 - 180) = 302400 mm2
Uk = perimeter of the area Ak = 2(0.9x10^3-180)+2(0.6x10^3-180) = 2280 mm
TRd,max = 2vαcwfcdAktef,isinθcosθ
Assuming θ=21.8 (cot θ = 2.5)
v= 0.6(1 - fck / 250) = 0.6(1 - 25 / 250) = 0.54
fcd = (αcc x fck) / γc = (1 x 25) / 1.5 = 16.67 N/mm2
αcw = 1
sinθ = 0.5002
cosθ = 0.8659
TRd,max = 2x0.54x1x16.67x302400x180x0.5002x0.8659 = 424 kNm
VRd,c= [CRd,ck (100ρ1 fck) (1/3) + k1σcp] bwd
Where; CRd,c = 0.18 / γc = 0.18 / 1.5 = 0.12
k = 1 + √(200/d) = 1 + SQRT(200 / 827.5) = 1.492
Take k = 1.492 (k ≤ 2)
σcp= 0
ρ1 = support steel ratio= As / bd= 10311 / (600 x 827.5) = 0.0208

Take k1 = 0.02 (k1 ≤ 0.02)

VRd,c = [0.12 x 1.492 x (100 x 0.0208 x 25)^0.33 + 0.02 x 0] x 600 x 827.5
 DELTEC ENGINEERING LIMITED
PROJECT NAME: DATE : 3/26/2018
LOCATION: TANK 03 & 04 BEAM NUMBER: 01
DESIGN BY: FIO CHECKED BY: SAI
Engr. Ivovi

VRd,c =
327.45 kN
Shear reinforcement required
Compression capacity of the strut assuming θ = 21.8
VRd,max = bwzv1fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
Let z = 0.9d = 0.9 x 827.5 = 744.75
cotθ = 2.5
tanθ = 0.4
VRd,max = 600 x 744.75 x 0.54 x 16.67 / (2.5 + 0.4) = 1387.1 kN
For shear requirement, VRd,c < VEd < VRd,max
Hence,
Asw / S = Ved / (0.87fykzcotθ) = = 1536 / (0.87 x 410 x 744.75 x 2.5
Asw / S = 2.31
Minimum Shear einforcement Check
Asw / S = ρw,min x bw x sin α (α=90 deg. For vertical links)
ρw,min = (0.08x√fck)/fyk = 0.000976
Asw/S (min) = 600x0.000976x1= 0.59
Take Asw/S = 2.31
Maximum spacing of shear links = 0.75d = 0.75 x 827.5 = 620.625 mm
Link Diameter Provided 10 mm
Link spacing Provided 300 mm
Number of legs 4
Asw/Sprov= 1.05 Not Sufficient

Design Consideration for Torsion

TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max ≤ 1 =
TEd = 139 kNm
TRd,max = 424 kNm
VEd = 1536 kN
VRd,max = 1387.1 kN
139 / 424 + 1536 / 1387.1 = 1.435 > 1 (not ok)
The maximum torsion occurs at an angle of 8.5deg from the support
Actual shear force at section (VEd) = shear force at support - wrα0
= 2111 - (559.81 x 14.4 x 8.5 / 180) x 3.142 = 915 kN
Rechecking the interraction above;
= 139 / 424 + 915 / 1387.1 = 0.987 > 1 (not ok
Area of transverse Reinforcement to Resist torsion
Asw / S = TEd / (2 Ak fyw,d cotθ)
Asw / S = (139 x 10^6) / (2 x 302400 x 0.87 x 410 x 2.5) = 0.258
Asw / S < Asw / S(min) = 0.59 (OK)
LINKS PROVIDED FOR SHEAR ADEQUATE FOR TORSION
Area of Longitudinal Reinforcement to Resist torsion
Asl = TEd Uk cotθ / (2 Ak fyd)
Asl = (139 x 10^6 x 2280 x 2.5) / (2 x 302400 x 0.87 x 410)
= 3673 mm2
spacing of side bars = 200 mm
min. diameter of side bar = 20 mm
Number of bars req. = 4
Provide 4 H20 mm side bars @ 200 (1257 mm^2)
 CRUSTEAM NIGERIA LIMITED
PROJECT NAME: PMS & AGO TANK DATE : 11/1/2019
LOCATION: EXTERNAL RING BEAM BEAM NUMBER:
DESIGN BY: FIO CHECKED BY: BDE

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RING BEAMS

DESIGN DATA

SECTION GEOMETRY
Ring Radius (Centres) 12 m
Number of Radial supports (n) 16
Centres Adjacent of diametral supports 6m
Angle between supports , θ = 2π/n = 22.5 deg
Beam Overall height 1.5 m
Beam Width 0.45 m
Ring perimeter 75.43 m
Ring Area 452.57 m2
Column Thickness 0.4 m
Column Width or diameter (dcol) 0.4 m
Width of raft beam Beam 1.4 m
Height of Raft Beam 0.45 m
Slab Thickness 0.2 m
Additional material (dead load) thickness 0.05 m
Height of Tank 22.4 m
DENSITY OF MATERIALS
Density of stored material= 10 kN/m3
Density of concrete= 24 kN/m3
Density of additional material= 18 kN/m3
Tank Weight = 2314 kN

LOADING
Weight of Walls or Upstand Beam = 24 x 0.45 x 1.4 = 15.12 kN/m
Weight of Steel Tank = 2314 / 75.43 30.68 kN/m
Weight of Bottom Slab = 24 x 0.2 x 0.5 x 6 = 14.4 kN/m
Weight of Liquid stored = 10 x 22.4 x 0.5 x 6 = 672 kN/m
Weight of additional material = 18 x 0.05 x 0.5 x 6 = 2.7 km/m
Self Weight of Beam = 24 x (1.5-0.2) x 0.45 = 14 kN/m
Total Dead Load = 76.90 kN/m
Total Live Load = 672 kN/m
Factor of Safety for dead = 1
Factor of Safety for live = 1
Total Load in Service = 748.9 kN
Ultimate Load (w) = 1 x 76.9 + 1 x 672 = 748.9 kN/m

DESIGN OF RING BEAMS

Maximum negative support moment = K1wr2

Maximum positive span moment = K2wr2

Maximum torsional moment = K3wr2

Total Support Reaction, R = wr(2θ)
Shear Force at d from face of any Support = wrθ-w(dcol/2+d)

The coefficients are given below

α0 for Tu
Number of Supports θ = 2π/n K1 K2 K3 (max)
4 90 0.215 0.11 0.033 22
5 72 0.136 0.068 0.0176 16.5
6 60 0.093 0.047 0.0094 14.8
 CRUSTEAM NIGERIA LIMITED
PROJECT NAME: PMS & AGO TANK DATE : 11/1/2019
LOCATION: EXTERNAL RING BEAM BEAM NUMBER:
DESIGN BY: FIO CHECKED BY: BDE

8 45 0.052 0.026 0.004 11.6

9 40 0.042 0.021 0.0029 11
10 36 0.034 0.017 0.0019 10
11 33 0.029 0.015 0.0016 9.25
12 30 0.024 0.012 0.0012 8.5
15 24 0.014 0.007 0.0005 6.5
16 22.5 0.012 0.006 0.0003 6

From the above table;

Number of supports (n) = 16
θ = 2π/n = 22.5 deg.
K1= 0.012
K2= 0.006
K3= 0.0003
α0 = 6 deg.
maximum angle for torsion= 6 deg.
Radius, r= 12 m 20% Redist.
Maximum negative support moment = 0.012 x 748.9 x 12^2 = 1294 kNm 1035 kNm
Maximum positive span moment = 0.006 x 748.9 x 12^2 = 647 kNm 906 kNm
Maximum torsional moment = 0.0003 x 748.9 x 12^2 = 32 kNm
Shear Force at Supports
= 748.9 x 12 x 3.142 x 1/16 = 1765 kN
Shear Force at "deff" from face of Supports 544 kN

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Design Strength of Concrete, fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Strength of Reinforcement, fyk= 410 N/mm2
αcc= 1
γc= 1.5
Nominal Cover to reinforcement = 50 mm
Span Reinforcement
MEd = 906 kNm
bw = 450 mm
bf = 1110 mm
Effective Depth, (d) = h - Cnom - ф/2 - фlinks =
Main bar ф= 20 mm
Link ф= 10 mm
C/S Area of one main bar= 314 mm2
C/S Area of one Link= 78.6 mm2
d = 1430 mm
k = MEd/(fckbfd2) = 0.0133 < 0.167
COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT NOT REQUIRED
la = 0.5+√(0.25-k/1.134)= 0.98813
Take la = 0.95
z = lad = 0.95 x 1430 = 1358.5 mm
Asl = MEd / (0.87fykz) = = 905.8x10^6 / (0.87 x 410x1358.5)
Asl = 1869 mm2
Provide 6 H20 Btm
Asprov = 1884 mm2

Support Reinforcement
MEd = 1035 kNm
bw = 450 mm
 CRUSTEAM NIGERIA LIMITED
PROJECT NAME: PMS & AGO TANK DATE : 11/1/2019
LOCATION: EXTERNAL RING BEAM BEAM NUMBER:
DESIGN BY: FIO CHECKED BY: BDE

bf = 450 mm
Effective Depth, (d) = h - Cnom - ф/2 - фlinks
Main bar ф = 20 mm
Link ф = 10 mm
C/S Area of one main bar = 314 mm2
C/S Area of one Link = 78.6 mm2
d = 1430 mm
k = MEd / (fckbfd2) = 1035.2x10^6/(30x450x1430^2)
k = 0.037 < 0.167
COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT NOT REQUIRED
la = 0.5+√(0.25-k/1.134) = 1.00
Take la= 0.95
z= lad = 0.95x1430 = 1358.5 mm
Asl = MEd/(0.87fykz) 1035.2x10^6/(0.87x410x1358.5)
Asl= 2136 mm2
Provide 7 H20 Top
Asprov= 2198 mm 2

Design for shear and Torsion

The maximum resistance of a member subjected to torsion and shear is limited by the capacity of the
concrete struts
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max ≤ 1 (Equation 6.29, EC2)
Shearforce at deff from the face of support, VEd = 544 kN
TEd = 32 kNm
VRd,max = Maximum shear resistance of the section
TRd,max = Maximum torsional resistance moment
Geometrical Properties for Analysis of Torsion
Area (A) = 1.5 x 0.45 x 10^6 = 675000 mm2
Perimeter (U) = 2 x (1.5 + 0.45) x 10^6 = 3900 mm
Equivalent thickness=tef,i=A/U= 675000 / 3900 = 173 mm
Ak = Area enclosed by the centre lines of the connecting walls
= (1.5 x 10^3 - 173) x (0.45 x 10^3 - 173) = 367579 mm2
Uk = perimeter of the area Ak = 2(1.5x10^3-173)+2(0.45x10^3-173) = 3208 mm
TRd,max = 2vαcwfcdAktef,isinθcosθ
Assuming θ=21.8 (cot θ = 2.5)
v= 0.6(1 - fck / 250) = 0.6(1 - 30 / 250) = 0.528
fcd = (αcc x fck) / γc = (1 x 30) / 1.5 = 20 N/mm2
αcw = 1
sinθ = 0.3828
cosθ = 0.9238
TRd,max = 2x0.528x1x20x367579x173x0.3828x0.9238 = 475 kNm
VRd,c= [CRd,ck (100ρ1 fck) (1/3) + k1σcp] bwd
Where; CRd,c = 0.18 / γc = 0.18 / 1.5 = 0.12
k = 1 + √(200/d) = 1 + SQRT(200 / 1430) = 1.374
Take k = 1.374 (k ≤ 2)
σcp= 0
ρ1 = support steel ratio= As / bd= 2198 / (450 x 1430) = 0.0034

Take k1 = 0.15 (k1 ≤ 0.02)

VRd,c = [0.12 x 1.374 x (100 x 0.0034 x 30)^0.33 + 0.15 x 0] x 450 x 1430
 CRUSTEAM NIGERIA LIMITED
PROJECT NAME: PMS & AGO TANK DATE : 11/1/2019
LOCATION: EXTERNAL RING BEAM BEAM NUMBER:
DESIGN BY: FIO CHECKED BY: BDE

VRd,c =
228.33 kN
Shear reinforcement required
Compression capacity of the strut assuming θ = 21.8
VRd,max = bwzv1fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
Let z = 0.9d = 0.9 x 1430 = 1287
cotθ = 2.5
tanθ = 0.4
VRd,max = 450 x 1287 x 0.528 x 20 / (2.5 + 0.4) = 2108.9 kN
For shear requirement, VRd,c < Ved < VRd,max
Hence,
Asw / S = Ved / (0.87fykzcotθ) = = 544 / (0.87 x 410 x 1287 x 2.5
Asw / S = 0.47
Minimum Shear einforcement Check
Asw / S = ρw,min x bw x sin α (α=90 deg. For vertical links)
ρw,min = (0.08x√fck)/fyk = 0.001069
Asw/S (min) = 450x0.001069x1= 0.48
Take Asw/S = 0.48
Maximum spacing of shear links = 0.75d = 0.75 x 1430 = 1072.5 mm
Link Diameter Provided 10 mm
Link spacing Provided 300 mm
Number of legs 2
Asw/Sprov= 0.52 Sufficient

Design Consideration for Torsion

Ted / TRd,max + Ved / VRd,max ≤ 1 =
Ted = 32 kNm
TRd,max = 475 kNm
Ved = 544 kN
VRd,max = 2108.9 kN
32 / 475 + 544 / 2108.9 = 0.325 < 1 (ok)
The maximum torsion occurs at an angle of 6deg from the support
Actual shear force at section (VEd) = shear force at support - wrα0
= 1765 - (748.9 x 12 x 6 / 180) x 3.142 = 824 kN
Rechecking the interraction above;
= 32 / 475 + 824 / 2108.9 = 0.458 < 1 (ok)
Area of transverse Reinforcement to Resist torsion
Asw / S = Ted / (2 Ak fyw,d cotθ)
Asw / S = (32 x 10^6) / (2 x 367579 x 0.87 x 410 x 2.5) = 0.049
Asw / S < Asw / S(min) = 0.48 (OK)
LINKS PROVIDED FOR SHEAR ADEQUATE FOR TORSION
Area of Longitudinal Reinforcement to Resist torsion
Asl = Ted Uk cotθ / (2 Ak fyd)
Asl = (32 x 10^6 x 3208 x 2.5) / (2 x 367579 x 0.87 x 410)
= 979 mm2
spacing of side bars = 300 mm
min. diameter of side bar = 16 mm
Number of bars req. = 5
Provide 5 H16 mm side bars @ 300