The document provides a list of useful Linux commands organized into categories such as system information, hardware, users, file operations, processes, permissions, networking, packages, searching, login, and disk usage. Some key commands include uname -a to show system information, free -m to show RAM usage, ifconfig to show network interfaces and IP addresses, du -sh to show disk usage, and grep to search for patterns in files. The commands allow users to view and manage their Linux system, files, users, processes, and network connectivity.
The document provides a list of useful Linux commands organized into categories such as system information, hardware, users, file operations, processes, permissions, networking, packages, searching, login, and disk usage. Some key commands include uname -a to show system information, free -m to show RAM usage, ifconfig to show network interfaces and IP addresses, du -sh to show disk usage, and grep to search for patterns in files. The commands allow users to view and manage their Linux system, files, users, processes, and network connectivity.
The document provides a list of useful Linux commands organized into categories such as system information, hardware, users, file operations, processes, permissions, networking, packages, searching, login, and disk usage. Some key commands include uname -a to show system information, free -m to show RAM usage, ifconfig to show network interfaces and IP addresses, du -sh to show disk usage, and grep to search for patterns in files. The commands allow users to view and manage their Linux system, files, users, processes, and network connectivity.
The document provides a list of useful Linux commands organized into categories such as system information, hardware, users, file operations, processes, permissions, networking, packages, searching, login, and disk usage. Some key commands include uname -a to show system information, free -m to show RAM usage, ifconfig to show network interfaces and IP addresses, du -sh to show disk usage, and grep to search for patterns in files. The commands allow users to view and manage their Linux system, files, users, processes, and network connectivity.
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as doc, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 2
Useful Linux Commands
1. SYSTEM # uname –a # Shows linux system information # uptime # Shows how long system running + load # hostname # Shows system host name # last reboot # Shows system reboot history # date # Shows the current date and time # cal # Shows this month calendar # tail -n 10 /var/log/messages # Shows last 10 kernel/syslog messages # free –m # Shows amount of RAM
2. Hardware # dmesg # Shows boot messages # cat /proc/cpuinfo # Shows CPU model # cat /proc/meminfo # Shows Hardware memory # lsusb # Shows list of USB devices
3. Users # id # Show the active user id with login and group # last # Show last logins on the system # who # Show ID of users logged on the system # whoami # Shows your ID
4. File Commands # cd .. # Goes up one level of the directory tree # cd ~ or cd # Goes to home directory # cd /test # Changes to /test directory # ls –al # Shows all information about files/ directories # pwd # Shows current directory path # mkdir directory-name # Creates a directory # rm file-name # Deletes file(be careful of using rm command) # rm -r directory-name # Deletes directory recursively (be very careful – can destroy system) # rm -f file-name # Forcefully removes file # rm -rf directory-name # Forcefully removes directory recursively # cp file1 file2 # Copies file1 to file2 # cp -r dir1 dir2 # Copies dir1 to dir2, create dir2 if it doesn’t exist # mv file1 file2 # Moves files from one place to another # ln –s /path/to/file-name link-name # Creates symbolic link to file-name # touch file # Creates or update file (change timestamp) # cat > file # Places standard input into file # more file # Shows the contents of file one page at a time # head file # Shows the first 10 lines of file # tail file # Shows the last 10 lines of file
5. Process Related # ps # Shows your currently active processes # ps aux | grep 'telnet' # Finds all process id related to telnet process # top # Shows all running processes # kill pid # Kills process with mentioned pid id # killall proc # Kilsl all processes named proc # pkill processname # Sends signal to a process with its name 6. File Permission Related # chmod id permission file-name # Changes the permissions of file or directory u = owner, g =group, o = others (not the user or in the group) + adds a permission, - remove a permission, = sets to just than permission a = all, r= read, w=write, x=execute chmod g+x file.txt # allows members of the group for the file execute it chmod u=rw, go= file.txt # sets user permission to read and write # removes all permissions for group and others
7. Network # ifconfig –a # Shows all network ports and ip address # ifconfig eth0 # Shows specific ethernet port ip address and details # ping <IP Address> # Sends echo request to test connection # wget file # Downloads file from website # netstat -tupl # Lists all active listening ports(tcp,udp,pid)
9. Uncompress # tar xf file.tar # Extracts the files from file.tar -a package of files # tar zxvf file.tar.gz # Extracts the files from file.tar.gz -a compressed tar file
10. Install/List Package
# opkg update # Updates list of packages from repository # opkg install pkgname # Installs software # opkg remove pkgname # Removes a package # opkg list # Lists packages in repository # opkg list |grep rtl # Shows packages with “rtl”) # opkg list_installed # Shows installed packages # opkg list_installed |grep rtl # Shows installed packages that have the letters “rtl” in them # opkg info <package name> # Shows information about the package
11. Search # grep pattern files # Searches for pattern in files (you will this command often) # grep -r pattern dir # Searches recursively for pattern in dir # find filename # locates file with that name in the path
12. Login (ssh and telnet)
# ssh ipaddress -l userid # Connects to host as user (secure data communication command) # ssh userid@ipaddress # Connects to host as user (secure data communication command) # telnet host # Connects to the system using telnet port
13. Disk Usage
# df –h # Shows free space on mounted filesystems # df -i # Shows free inodes on mounted filesystems # du -ah # Displays disk usage in human readable form # du -sh # Displays total disk usage on the current directory # findmnt # Displays target mount point for all filesystem # mount device-path mount-point # Mount a device
Adapted from http://linoxide.com/guide/linux-command-shelf.html
