Transmission Infrastructure

requirement
&
Grid Integration aspects

Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd

1
 Indian Power System - Present

Installed Capacity –
All figs. in MW
232,000 MW
•Thermal- 60%
NR
•Hydro- 17%
NER
•Nuclear- 2%
•Renewable- 12%
ER

WR
Peak Demand –
135,000 MW

SR
Per capita
LA

AND AM

consumption– 880 kwh

N IC O B A
KS
HA
DW

AN &
R
EE
P
 Transmission Network -Present

POW ER MAP OF INDIA • 765kV lines : 8,056 ckms

• 400kV lines : 1,25,039 ckms

• 220kV lines : 144,966 ckms

• HVDC Bipole (±500kV): 9,432 ckms – 5

no. (10,500 MW)

• HVDC Back-to-back : 7 nos., (3000MW)

• Transformation Capacity: 4,79,411 MVA

• FSC – 33 nos.; TCSC – 6 nos.

 National Grid - Present

Inter-Regional Capacity –
32,000MW

Sholapur

Raichur

National Grid – A Continuing Process

 Interconnection with neighbouring Countries
 Existing
 India – Bhutan : Upto 1480MW from Tala(1020), Chukha(336) and Kurichu(60)
through 400, 220 & 132kV lines.
 India – Nepal : About 120-150MW power exchange under radial mode through 132,
33 & 11kV links.
 India – Bangladesh : Upto 500MW exchange through 400kV D/c line and HVDC B/b
Station

 On-going :
 India – Bhutan : 400kV inter-connection and Alipurduar HVDC station (3000MW) for
Punatsangchu(1200 MW) project.
 India – Nepal : 400kV Muzaffarpur(India) - Dhalkebar(Nepal) inter-connection

 Future :
 India – Bhutan - Masterplan made for evacuation of about 11,500 MW (from 14
HEP) by 2020 and 26,500 MW (from 75 HEPs) by 2030.
 India – Nepal : High capacity transmission interconnection is being planned for
evacuation from future about 20,000MW hydel projects in Nepal.
 India – Sri Lanka :Feasibility Study carried out for +400kV, 1000MW HVDC bipole5
interconnection between India(Madurai) and Sri Lanka (Anuradhapura).
Future Scenario
 Uneven Energy Resources

Expected Generating Stations - 2025

Energy resources (coal, Hydro etc.)

 Coal – In Central India

‾ Chhattisgarh : 58000 MW
‾ Orissa :
Jammu Expected Installed Capacity (2025) : 6,00,000MW
30000 MW
Ludhiana ‾ Jharkhand : 15000 MW
SIKKIM
‾ Madhya Pradesh:16000 MW
NR Delhi NEPAL
BHUTAN
Partabpur
RAPP Jaipur Guwahati
Lucknow CHICKEN
NECK NER  Hydro – In North Eastern &

AR
Patna Koderma BANGLA

MM
M udra
Sasan
ER
DESH
Northern Himalayan region
AN
Vindhyachal

MY
Gandhinagar
Kolkata
Indore Bhopal Korba
Pipavav
Akaltara
WR
 Coastal based
Talcher/Ib Valley
Lara
Raipur Darlipali Bhubaneswar

‾ Andhra Pradesh: 24000 MW

Tarapur
M um bai
Vizag
Girye
Hyderabad
Sim hadri
‾ Tamil Nadu : 10000 MW
Tadri
Kaiga
SR
Krishnapatnam
LEGEND

Coal Based generation

‾ Gujarat : 11000 MW
Ennore Hydro Based Generation
M angalore Bangalore Chennai
South Madras Coastal Generation
Kozhikode Nuclear generation
Cuddalore Ultra-M ega Generation
Load Centre Based Generation
Kayam kulam Load-Centre
Thiruvananthapuram
Kudankulam
 Technology Being Adopted

 High Voltage line

 EHVAC : 400kV  765kV  1200kV

 HVDC : 500kV  800kV
 Increase the capacity of existing trans. corridor through re-
conductoring with HTLS /Upgradation
 Dynamic compensation viz. Series capacitors, SVC,
FACTS to maximize utilization of Transmission capacity

 Optimization of Tower design – tall tower, multi-ckt. tower

 GIS substation
 Expansion Programme for next 5-6 years
 Transmission Line : 1,09,440 ckm
• 765kV – 27000 ckm
• 400kV – 38000 ckm
• 220kV – 35000 ckm
• HVDC - 9440 ckm
 Substations : about 2,83,000 MVA
• 765kV – 1,49,000 MVA
• 400kV – 45,000 MVA
• 220kV/132kV – 76,000 MVA
• HVDC - 13,000 MVA

 Dynamic Compensation at 16 locations at 400kV level

 National Grid Capacity (end of 12th Plan)- 65,000 MW

 Few Major Transmission Projects

• Creation of 11 High Capacity Trans. Corridors for 55 IPPs (55,000 MW)

– about Rs. 65,000 Cr .(US $ 118Bn)

• Trans. System for 6 UMPPs (24000MW) – Rs. 29,000 Cr. (US $ 53Bn)

• Transmission system for DVC generation projects (5000MW) – Rs.

11,000 Cr. (US $ 20Bn)

• Transmission system for Evacuation of power from NER & Bhutan – Rs.
11,000 Cr. (US $ 20Bn)
 Renewable Potential
 Huge Renewable Potential in the Country

 Researcher Claim more than 1000 GW Wind Generation Potential

 12th Plan envisaged Wind Capacity :20 GW (As per data during GEC Study)

 Solar Potential in India : about 20-30 MW/sq km, about 5000 trillion units
annually

 12th Plan envisaged Solar Capacity :10 GW (As per data during GEC Study)
 Ultra Mega Solar Projects at Sambhar(Raj), Kharaghoda(Guj), Leh/Kargil(J&K)

 Untapped solar potential in deserts of Thar, Rann of Kutch, Lauhal & Spiti
valley and Ladakh

 Utilizing only 10-20% of total waste land area in deserts, solar generation
potential in range of 300-400 GW
 Grid Integration of Renewable Energy- Key Challenges

• Intermittency & Variability impacting Grid Stability

• Implementation of Transmission network matching with the RE

generation

• Technical Issues like Reactive Power management etc., Real time

Grid Operation etc.

• Economic Viability of the transmission system due to low Capacity

Utilization Factor (20-30%)

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Grid Integration of Renewable Energy- Mitigating Measures

• Strong Grid interconnections to enlarge balancing areas

• Forecasting of Renewable generation on different time scale

• Energy Storage: Large Scale (like Pumped Hydro) for balance of

power, fast acting storage for stability

• Load management & Demand Response

• Dynamic Reactive Compensation (SVC/STATCOM) at strategic

locations

• Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) establishing Smart Grid

• Establishment of Renewable Energy Management Centers (REMC)

integrated with SCADA/control centers

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 Green Energy Corridors-12th Plan
• “Green Energy Corridors” - Comprehensive plan on renewable integration in 12th Plan
( 33,000 MW envisaged RE capacity)
• Inter State Transmission System
 Transmission Line : 3,400 ckm
- 765kV : 2,780 ckm
- 400kV : 620 ckm
 Substations : 18,000 MVA (6 nos.)
- 765kV : 15,000 MVA (5 nos.)
-400kV : 3,000 MVA (1 no.)
 Estimated Investment : Rs. 9,081 Cr

• Intra State Transmission System

 Transmission Line : 15,000 ckm

- 765kV : 300 ckm
- 400kV : 5500 ckm
- 220kV/132kV : 9200 ckm

 Substations : 15,500 MVA (32 nos.)

- 400kV : 11,000 MVA (12 nos.)
- 220kV/132kV : 4,500 MVA (20 nos.)
 Estimated Investment : Rs. 13,624 Cr
 Green Energy Corridors-12th plan

Additional Investment requirements : Rs. 3911 Cr

 Control infrastructure : Rs. 3,677 Cr.

(Dynamic Compensation- Rs 1204 Cr,
Real time measurement- Rs 473 Cr,
Energy Storage –Rs 2000 Cr)

 Setting up of REMC : Rs. 234 Cr.

(REMC: Renewable Energy Management Center)
 Way Forward

– Forecasting of Renewable Generation- Hardware & Software

– Grid Scale Energy Storage & its Management System

– Renewable Energy Control Center

– Market & tariff design for flexible generation /load

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Thank You
 Wind Power Generation Pattern in TN/Raj

Tamil Nadu Rajasthan

Variability in range of : 1500 -1800 MW Variability in range of : 700 -800 MW

in a single day in a single day

*2011
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Typical Solar Power Generation Pattern in Gujarat

Typical Solar Generation pattern

Lot of Variability on account of Cloud Solar Generation Dropping Zero in Cloud/Rain event19
STF-SG