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IQRA University Karachi, EDC Campus: Prakash Naik 34170

Standardization is the process of developing technical standards to maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality. There are three main types of standards: reference standards that provide specifications, minimum quality standards that specify minimum requirements, and compatibility standards that ensure components can work together. Formal standards are developed by standardization bodies, while de facto standards are often set by industry vendors. Examples of standards include OSI, Internet protocols like TCP, IP, and HTTP, and standards from consortiums like W3C, IBM, and Health Level 7. Standards go through maturity levels from experimental to standard and have requirement levels from required to not recommended.

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50 views2 pages

IQRA University Karachi, EDC Campus: Prakash Naik 34170

Standardization is the process of developing technical standards to maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality. There are three main types of standards: reference standards that provide specifications, minimum quality standards that specify minimum requirements, and compatibility standards that ensure components can work together. Formal standards are developed by standardization bodies, while de facto standards are often set by industry vendors. Examples of standards include OSI, Internet protocols like TCP, IP, and HTTP, and standards from consortiums like W3C, IBM, and Health Level 7. Standards go through maturity levels from experimental to standard and have requirement levels from required to not recommended.

Uploaded by

Alik Naik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IQRA University Karachi,

EDC Campus
MBA Program

Name: ID #:
Prakash Naik Assignment 34170
Procurement
Sir Kahif Shafiq

Question
What is Standardization? Define the types of standardization with example.
(Assignment) Group Based

Answer
Standardization is the process of implementing and developing technical standards.
Standardization can help to maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or
quality. It can also facilitate commoditization of formerly custom processes.

Types of standardization with examples


Standardization distinguishes among three kinds of standards: reference, minimum quality and
compatibility standards. II standards belong to the last category, that is, standards which ensure
that one component may successfully be incorporated into a larger system given an adherence to
the interface specification of the standard one may also classify standards according to the
processes whereby they emerge. A distinction is often made between formal standards. Formal
standards are worked out by standardization bodies. Both OSI and Internet are formal according
to such a classification. Standards are technologies standardized through market mechanisms,
and standards are imposed by law.
De facto standards are often developed by industrial vendors. Examples of such standards are the
W3 consortium currently developing a new version of the HTML format for Worldwide Web,
IBM´s SNA protocol, CORBA developing a common object oriented repository for distributed
computing, X/Open developing a new version of UNIX and the Health Level 7 standard for
health care communication. Some of these consortia operate independently of the international
standardization bodies; others align their activities more closely. For instance, the W3
consortium is independent of, but closely linked to, the standardization process of the IETF
Internet standards
The Internet is built of components implementing standardized communication protocols.
Among these are the well-known ones such as TCP, IP, SMTP (email), HTTP (World Wide
Web), FTP (file transfer) and TELNET (remote login). But Internet includes many more
standards. These standards are split into different categories.

Maturity levels and status


There are two independent categories of protocols. The first is the "maturity level" which in the
Internet terminology is called the state of standardization. The state of a protocol is either
"standard", "draft standard", "proposed standard", "experimental", "informational" or "historic".
The second categorization is the "requirement level" or status of a protocol. The state is either
"required", "recommended", "elective", "limited use", or "not recommended".
When a protocol is advanced to proposed standard or draft standard, it is labeled with a current
status.

In the Internet terminology computers attached to or otherwise a part of the network is called a
"system." There are two kinds of systems - hosts and gateways. Some protocols are particular to
hosts and some to gateways; a few protocols are used in both. It should be clear from the context
of the particular protocol which types of systems are intended.

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