SIMUL 2017 : The Ninth International Conference on Advances in System Simulation

Internet of Things Simulation Tools: Proposing Educational

Components

Majid Bayani Jeffrie Saenz

School of Informatics School of Informatics
National University of Costa Rica National University of Costa Rica
Heredia, Costa Rica Heredia, Costa Rica
[email protected] [email protected]

Alberto Segura Brayan Mora

School of Informatics School of Informatics
National University of Costa Rica National University of Costa Rica
Heredia, Costa Rica Heredia, Costa Rica
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a developing and as the global infrastructure for the information society that
prevalent trend which provides connectivity between a huge can facilitate the interconnecting of the physical and virtual
number of objects (things) by using innovative features of the things based on the RFID and Wireless Sensor Network
Radio Frequency Identification and Wireless Sensor networks technologies. IoT-GSI also emphasized on establishing a
technologies. As IoT develops, it is being expanded in
Study Group on IoT and its applications, in order to
magnitude and scope, reshaping the context of human life.
Education is one of the most popular areas in our life where promote an integrated methodology for the development of
IoT can have an influence on. The educational process can be technical standards related to the IoT objects [2] [3] [4] [5].
implemented and tracked by making use of the IoT objects and The range of IoT applications (few applications are
devices. In this work, an educational component is proposed in currently developed [6]) and the driving technologies, are
order to include it in the IoT simulation toolkits. A four-block expanded form the smart-cities to the complex IoT systems.
module containing educative objects is designed and proposed. IoT applications can embrace all human-object activities
The module includes the smart elements, such as smart such as the smart home & cities, online-business, smart
backpack, IoT school check in, smart desk and whiteboard. environment, security & emergencies, smart transportation,
The final model design includes the procedures, methodology,
smart energy consumption, smart industrial process and
block design and functions of each element. The paper shows
that the IoT educational components can provide a novel and education.
flexible virtual platform which can take advantage of the IoT More than 50 billion sensor devices will be
features in the learning system. connected through the Internet by 2020 and a huge number
of users will interact with each other over the many smart
Keywords-Internet of Things(IoT); Smart desk; Smart book; areas in different forms of the services, programs or
Educational components;Web of Things(WoT);Smart objects; applications. [14]. IoT devices provide connectivity for the
Smart whiteboards; Smart backpack. objects, and systems, Machine-to-Machine (M2M), machine
to object and object to object that implies a complex
I. INTRODUCTION topology between devices. It means that it is required to
The basic idea of Internet of Things (IoT) is a new design the objects with specific feature and capacity such as
model based on the presence of a variety of objects like a small processor, memory, radio and software [9] [10].
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, sensors and The implementing of a complex topology for
actuators that are able to interact with each other [1]. interconnecting between large numbers of devices is not
Internet of Things is considered the internetworking of simple to design. In these cases, simulation of the functions
smart physical objects that are enabled to collect and is required to study the scenarios before implementing them.
exchange data through the unique IPv6 addressing schemes. In addition, the connectivity between objects is affected by
Also, it refers to the use of smartly connected objects, agent their geographical features such as the location, their
and devices to manage data obtained by embedded sensors capabilities, and quality of the communications [13].
in the machines and other physical-virtual objects. Based on The huge number of smart IoT objects are deployed
the recommendation of The Global Standards Initiative on over the sensor field and can be controlled remotely through
the Internet of Things (IoT-GSI) [7], IoT has been defined the Internet. But, sometimes implementation of the IoT

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SIMUL 2017 : The Ninth International Conference on Advances in System Simulation

infrastructure is complicated to administrate due to WoT enables developers to design and evaluate easily,
inaccessible distribution fields such as volcano, wild jungle smart services and applications in a real IoT- environment.
or even underwater deployment places [11] [12]. Based on Currently, IoT concepts and designs, as well as the
the mentioned reasons, simulating the process and functions communication technology, are involved in almost all
for IoT scenarios is required. human-machine activities. In fact, IoT comprises all macro
Simulating the events, functions, and platforms allows human/object activities; among them, education is one of
the designers to survey a problem at different levels of the most visible applications that IoT can be involved in.
abstraction. This approach at a higher level of abstraction Also, it can be said that education is one of the most
permits the developers to better understand the object perceptible undertakings in the human life and is facing
interactions within a complex topology [15]. several challenges of technology development [8][27].
The IoT implementation field is a large space Simulation of the educational process implemented by IoT
complex system and it contains lots of objects. Testing the technology is one of these challenges. However, there exist
applications running on the high density of physical objects several general-purpose IoT simulators such as Cisco packet
is possible just by using a flexible platform in the labs. On tracer (recently added the IoT features) which can be used
the other hand, real implementation of an IoT scenario is in simulating IoT process with the educational purposes
challenging since complex IoT environments are dynamic. [28]. But, in the most of IoT simulators, educative objects
Hence, simulation modeling of the IoT scenarios is a proper are not present.
answer to this paradigm [16]. The main idea in this work is to propose a novel
This paper is organized as follows: after giving a brief model design related to the educational components in order
description around the main topic, a state of the art related to give a proper awareness to the designers with the purpose
to the previous IoT simulation studies is explored in the of incorporating IoT elements into the simulators. A basic
second section. The third section broadly discusses the case model of the educational IoT component will be presented
study model of the proposed components along with the IoT in the following section.
basic system architecture, technologies that support IoT and
main blocks of the system design. Finally, a concise III. CASE STUDY MODEL
conclusion and future work will be described in the fourth In this section, firstly, a basic IoT structure will be
section. described as well as technologies such as Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor networks
II. RELATED WORK (WSNs) that support IoT. In the second step, an IoT
In order to provide smart services, modeling of the IoT scenario will be discussed with a concise explanation of the
environments is a big challenge due to the existing proposed model.
difficulties in designing heterogeneous environments,
A. The IoT Basic system Architecture
nodes, devices and wireless technologies [13]. On the other
side, monitoring an event without the central administration The most common basic IoT system architecture is
is another challenge for identifying, observing the events shown in Figure 1. Based on Figure 1, a basic IoT
and detecting the critical system components in time [17]. architecture is divided into three layers. They are
For these reasons, currently, in the real-time heterogeneous application, network and perception layers [29].
IoT environments, there exist very limited models and 1) The application layer is responsible for providing
simulators. For example, Moschakis and H. Karatza [18] smart services to the users through an interface.
offer several simulation concepts for IoT environments. 2) The network layer is responsible for providing
Sotiriadis et al. in [19] present a SimIoT derivative version communication between the network devices and objects,
of Sim-IC framework. SimIoT introduces an innovative cabling, clouding system, and a data local processing unit.
level of security for IoT connected devices along with a A gateway connection point is in charge of obtaining the
very deep vision of the IoT behavior structure [20]. A fault information which are sensed by sensors of the perception
model for dynamic IoT system is introduced by Ivanovitch layer.
Silva et al. in [21] with a novel perspective. Khan and 3) The perception layer includes the physical sensors,
Manate [22] [23] introduce an innovative infrastructure and objects or actuators.
coordination techniques for the large scale IoT A small sensor processing system includes the event
infrastructure. MicroGrid [24] elaborates a platform for the sensing, local storing, data and controllers. These units
basic simulation experiments, performing in the grid build the perception layer.
positions. DGSim [25] also provides a particular framework
for scheduler implementation of various grid resource
management in a simulation architecture. Finally, Belli et
al. [26] present a Web of Things testbed tool. They claim

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SIMUL 2017 : The Ninth International Conference on Advances in System Simulation

Figure 1. A simple architecture of IoT scenario

B. Technologies that drive IoT

1) RFID Sensor System
Figure 2 shows a basic RFID system architecture. The
RFID readers detect the sensory data or receive the energy
from the tag-pasted object and send information to a private
cloud system for more processing or decision taking.
Figure 4. Main blocks of the proposed model

The proposed module consists of four separated

blocks: Home smart backpack, school check in, smart desk
and whiteboard. Based on the model, firstly, a pre-check of
backpack content is carried out at home by students, parents
or even a teacher. Mainly, this block is designed for
schedule checking. After performing the pass-through
authentication process, the user can check the diary agenda.
The books or documents are RFID/WSN sensor labeled and
Figure 2. Block diagram of a typical RFID system will be identified when they are going inside or outside of
the backpack. The movement of the RFID-labeled objects
2) Wireless Sensor Network generates some control messages that will be sent through
As Figure 3 demonstrates, a group of tiny sensors the IoT network to a smartphone or a display device for
distributed over a field can build a non-centralized network further analysis and collaborative actions.
to sense an event and send the data back to a sink point Another component is the school check-in block that
(gateway) in order to monitor the area or further analysis includes a two-phase IoT authentication process. This block
related to the events [30]. is designed for getting access to the main school system
menu by students or teachers. The menu for the students is
different from the teachers. In this case, a user can have
access to the personalized option designed for teaching or
administrative objectives. The administrative menu is
related to the managerial correspondences and functions,
schedule of the semester, student list, etc.
Homework, exams, quizzes, projects, educational
materials, evaluation results, and reports of the student will
be available in the educational menu.
A second fingerprint authentication is employed for
detecting the authority level of each user physically, in order
to link the user to its educative profiles, correctly. The
Figure 3. A Basic Wireless Sensor Network Structure second physical authentication is used for user detection and
connecting students to the options which are designed
specifically for them, as well as their profiles. When the
learners´ fingers touch the authentication device, the IoT
C. The Main blocks of the Module
system identifies if the user is registered in the database
The main blocks of the proposed model are shown in (DB) and the type of the user. The students can get access to
Figure 4. the first level permission of the main menu designed for the

Copyright (c) IARIA, 2017. ISBN: 978-1-61208-594-4 59

SIMUL 2017 : The Ninth International Conference on Advances in System Simulation

learners. This menu contains many educative or parents or the same user. The users arrange this process
(administrative) options for students such as: the actual based on their scheduling.
semester program and enrolled courses, financial and
scholarship status, smart homework, projects, smart exams,
evaluation results, etc. The student users can touch any
options of the menu and can find the personalized exam,
quiz or any projects designed by instructors.
After passing the first checking level, the learners
can look for the related class numbers that were registered
in the main system. Last two blocks are related to the class
activities. In a typical class, students have their own desks
that sit on it. Each desk has a sensor for authentication
(fingerprint or RFID card). So, each learner uses a smart
unique desk and table. The desks are connected wirelessly
or by a cable connection to the main IoT system. The smart
desks can interact with other IoT devices through a gateway
and a small private cloud system, sending or receiving the
control messages. In the following, each component, its
connections and functions will be analyzed in detail.

1) Home Smart backpack checking: Figure 6. Backpack components

This component is related to the smart IoT backpack
2) School check-in
element. First of all, a RFID element and a WSN sensor is
Based on the main blocks topology, in the first phase
pasted on the backpack.
of the school check-in, the people should authenticate
themselves through presenting any physical identity such as
the fingerprint, RFID card or the cellphone interaction with
the central entrance terminal. Based on the registered
information, the system can detect the validity or type of
user. They can be a teacher, student or an administrative
member of the institute.
Figures 7 and 8 show that after passing this phase, the
user can get access to the personalized main menu. For
example, if the user is a student, the options that appear on
the screen will be available, exclusively, for the students. In
the second phase, the student should perform the second IoT
level of validity process. After verifying the user authority,
once the user touches any option, more personalized
functions for this particular user will be accessible. For
Figure 5. Backpack authentication example, if the user is a learner and touches the smart
homework, a specific homework for this user, uniquely, will
The process of authentication is performed through open to get access to that content. In this way, the users can
scanning the sensor (RFID or ID card) (Figure 5). This have access to the several facilities by this terminal which is
process is an essential security process to protect the connected to school data base (DB).
unauthorized access to the smart backpack. As Figure 6 Email notification is one of these facilities for both
demonstrates, after checking the authorization the smart students and instructors. In this sub-option service, a web of
backpack is on ready mode and open status. The reader thing (WoT) service provides the email service for the
scans each object that goes into the backpack, sending the student and teacher users. They can observe a short list of
signal to the smart phone. The sensory data will be the updated email box with related subjects and degree of
transferred through the IoT gateway to a private cloud urgency for future email checking.
system storing the information and control signals.
This element is designed as a flexible system that can
scan all physical objects tracking, inside and outside of the
backpack.
The sensory data are stored in a small cloud server,
communicating with a display device such as a smartphone
or a laptop through the internet informing the student

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SIMUL 2017 : The Ninth International Conference on Advances in System Simulation

Figure 10. Smart Desk Authentication

Figure 7. School check-in components

Based on Figures 9 and 10, when the users pass the
authentication process by checking fingerprint, RFID ID
card or a cellphone interaction, they can use the facilities of
the smart desks. IoT desks can connect to the network via
wireless or cable connection. They can interact with the
smart whiteboards as well as the teacher device. Once the
users demonstrate the required authority, they can have
access to the main system and offered services. For
example, they can receive what the instructor is writing on
the whiteboard and see it on their laptops. They can also
interrupt the professor’s lecture (configuration and
permission needed) and write enquiries or questions.
The smart desks can be employed for attendance
checking list in a secure method. This is an IoT secure way
to send the list to a mini-cloud system. The professors can
Figure 8. School check in second security level authentication generate a report of the list by using the data stored in the
cloud system.
The third section is related to the smart desk As IoT can implement and use the WSNs, all WSN
component. The user can enter the smart class looking for sensors will be activated and a mini monitoring system can
preconfigured desks. The class is equipped with the smart track graphically the user nodes, in a real time mode.
IoT devices such as smart desk, smart board, etc. The last component of the module is a smart IoT
whiteboard that will be discussed in the following section.
3) Smart Desk
Each student has a preconfigured smart desk equipped 4) Smart Whiteboard
with the IoT sensor detection. Figures 9 and 10 show a This block contains the authentication IoT elements,
scenario in which the smart desks interact with the users. and users can check the security validity, physically (Figure
11). A Web of thing (WoT) system software connected to
the whiteboard collects the sensory data sending them to a
private cloud system.
The users can have access to their personalized
facilities built in the smart whiteboard. The educator can
touch the menus and get access to the educational services
that they need.
A menu with several options appears on the screen
and users can select any option or service that needed to
proceed. As the validity checking is a physical IoT process,
different profiles for instructors can be defined in the main
WoT system. For example, the professor of a particular
course can get access to all packages related to that course.
Figure 9. Smart Desks In this form, the IoT technology provides multi-discipline
area platforms for different courses, purposes or users.
Similarly, the student users can obtain and get the services
after the validity check that is provided only for the
students. They can interact with the whiteboard IoT system

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SIMUL 2017 : The Ninth International Conference on Advances in System Simulation

through their smartphones to send and receive the messages, users based on their predefined profile can get access to
questions, images, text, or even send an interrupting their options. The second component is a smart desk. The
message during the instructor’s lecturing. users log in physically to have access to the services and
interact with other objects such as a smart whiteboard. The
idea of proposing this novel component is to inherit all
benefits that IoT can provide for a typical education
scenario. Internet of things can remove the physical
existence limitation and increases the accessibility to several
educational recourses and tools, anytime, anywhere
improving the effect e-learning.
IoT and related technologies such as RFID and WSN
can elaborate a flexible collaboration platform through
connecting the objects. And also, it can offer a more secure
system by eliminating the traditional web-based
authentication process by using the physical authentication.
This work is considered as a first step to take to
involve the IoT concepts in the educational objects.
Connectivity, collaboration and scalability are some of the
advantageous attributes of the IoT that are inherited by any
Figure 11. IoT smart Whiteborad components
IoT-based learning system. Based on this reality, our future
Figure 11 is a graphical demonstration of a smart IoT work will be focused on implementing tangibly the
whiteboard structure. Based on the Figure 11, the learners proposed module in order to study the impact of applying an
can interact with the whiteboard. The smart whiteboard has IoT-based structure on the learning system performance.
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