Iinterpretation and Analyzation of Data

Sex
30%

Female
Male

70%

Figure 1: Sex

There are 70% (42 out of 60) males and 30% (18 out of 60) females, Bonifacio Street’s

residents participated in the study for a total of 100% (60 respondents). Therefore, it is proven

that most of the respondents are males.

Age
10% 3%
35%

23-30
31-40
41-60
61-above

52%

Figure 2: Age
 There are 35% (..out of 60) among the respondents aged 25-30 years old while 52% of

them are 31-40, 10% os 41-60, and the 3% is those who 61-above years of age for a total of 10%.

Occupation
10%
4%

Fisherman
Tricycle Driver
Housewife
25%
Factory Worker

61%

Figure

3: Occupation

It states that 48% of the respondents are fisherman (out of 60) while 20% is tricycle

driver, 8% housewife, while 24% is factory worker for a total of 100%.

Children
20%
In this

case,
1 to 2
3 to 4
5 to 6
7 to 8

80%
majority of them are fishermen and it means that the coastal pollution may impact or affect the

source of job and income of the residents living in the area of Bonifacio Street. They are the

most affected if the pollution in the coastal will not be lessened or prevented.

Figure 4: Children

The figure shows that 80% (48 out of 60) of the respondents have 1 to 2 children in the

family while 20% (12 out of 60) have 3-4 children in their family for a total pf 100%.

Here, it says that among 60 respondents, they have at least 1 to 4 children in the family.

According to the study “The Impacts of Beach Pollution”, sensitive populations such as the

elderly, or those children with a weakened immune system are particularly at risk for long-term

effects. Children are more prone to some illnesses associated with polluted coastal iclude skin

rashes, stomach flu, respiratory infections, and so on. So, having this kind of issue is not safe for

them specially to the children who want to swim and enjoy the sea.

Living in the area

8%
20% Figure
38%

5: Living
1 to 10 yrs.
11 to 20 yrs.
21 to 30 yrs.
in the
31 and above
area

It
33%
shows
that 38.34% (23 out of 60) of the respondents lived in the area for about 1 to 10 years, 33.33%

(20 out of 60) is 11 to 20 years, 20 % (12 out of 60) is 21-30 years, and last, 8.33% (5 out of 60)

answered that they are living in the area for almost 30 years for a total of 100%.

Those who lived in the are for about 20 years explained that the ‘pantalan’ is way more

cleaner and safe for swimming in about 10 years ago. Meaning, the behavior of people and the

residents towards throwing garbages into the coastal resulted into a pollution in the area.

Coastal Pollution

37%

Yes
No

63%

Figure 6: Coastal Pollution

In the question, “Do you know what coastal pollution is?” twenty-two (22) out of sixty

respondents answered Yes with 36.67% while 63.33% or 38 out of 60 answered Yes for a total

of 100% (60 respondents).

Here, majority of them did not know what is the meaning of coastal pollution and it will

lead to ignorance wherein they will not be able to appreciate the importance of having a cleaned

coastal area. According to the Green Prophet, throwaway plastics and ignorance are killing our

oceans and other bodies of water. If people have no enough knowledge about coastal pollution

and the possible impact of it to them and to the surroundings, then they will continue to be
irresponsible and undisciplined by throwing their wastes in the wrong place like in the coastal

area.

Behavior
12%

Yes
No

88%

Figure 7. Behavior

In this figure, 88.33% (53 out of 60) answered that the behavior of the residents towards

their way of disposing their garbage is the cause of coastal pollution while 11.67% (7 out of 60)

answered No, because there are other reasons like the company wastes of GN power also

cintributed to the pollution in the area.

According to the site, conserve-energy-future, one of the causes of littering is the

behavior of laziness and carelessness of the people. Typically, people have become too lazy and

unwilling to throw away trash appropriately in the right place. It is common to see people discard

trash out of their kitchen, windows, or even in the coastal. Carelessness has also made people or
the residents just throw rubbish anywhere without even thinking about it and the bigger

consequences.

A. HEALTH

Skin Rashes

40%

Yes
No

60%

Figure 8. Skin rashes

There are 60% or 36 out of 60 respondents who experienced skin lesion while diving on the

sea. On the other hand, 40% or 24 out of 60 respondents don’t experience skin lesion while

diving on the sea. Therefore, the number of respondents who answered yeas are more than the

respondents who answered no.

Based on the results by the data gathered, the respondents who have skin lesion due to

diving at the sea are more than the respondents who didn’t. Therefore, many residents in the
Bonifacio Street have skin lesion. When human invade polluted coastal waters, usually as

swimmers or divers, they place themselves at risk from infections. It may happen through pre-

existing skin lesion, through upper part of the body (ear, nose, mouth), or by membranes of the

eye ( Sinderman, 2006).The residents of Bonifacio Street are prone to have skin lesion from

diving at polluted sea.

Easily get sick

47%
Yes
53% No

Figure 9. Easily get sick

The respondents including their family members who get sick so easily are 53.33% or 32

out of 60. While, the students who didn’t get sick so easily as well as their family members are

46.67% or 28 out of 60. Therefore, the number of respondent who answered yes are more than

the respondents who answered no.

Also, the respondents, who get sick easily as well as their family are more than to those

who didn’t. This means that many residents are prone to diseases while living at coast that is
polluted. There are many kind of pathogens in polluted water like bacteria, protozoa, and viruses.

It can cause Acute Gastrointestinal Illness (AGI) and other worse infections (Landon, 2108).

These diseases are caused mainly because of coastal pollution.

Initiatives
32%

Yes
No

68%

Figure 10. Initiatives

The respondents who have taken any initiative for protecting themselves from coastal

pollution is 68.33% or 41 out of 60. While, the respondents who didn’t take any initiative for

protecting themselves from the coastal pollution is 31.67% or 19 out of 60. Therefore, the

respondents who answered yes are more than the persons who answered no.
 The respondents who take initiative for protecting themselves form coastal pollution

are more than those who do not. Therefore, there are many residents who take the first move to

protect themselves form this kind of pollution. It’s very essential to know that its not enough to

just make fun in our oceans but we also must keep it clean. We should always be active in

protecting it (Serafino, 2019). So, base on the data and results, we saw the impact of coastal

pollution in the residents of Barangay Poblacion, Bonifacio Street.

B.
Are there fisherman in the family?
JOB

45%

Yes
No
55%

Figure

11.

Fisherman in the family

The figure above shows that 55% of the respondents have fisherman in their family

which means that the livelihood of the families in Bonifacio Street Brgy. Poblacion is fishing.
 Does he catch enough fish?

48%
Yes
52%
No

Figure 11.1 Caught enough fish

Affect job or income

In this

figure,
45%

Yes
No
55%

51.67% of fisherman in the area caught enough fish to feed their families while 48.33 are not for

a total of 100%.
 Figure 12. Job or income

For this figure, 55% of the respondents answered that coastal pollution affects their main

source of income which is fishing and 27% of the respondents does not think that coastal

pollution affects their livelihood.

A new study analyzed that the attitudes of fishermen towards marine litter (and plastic

pollution in particular), finding that they are acurately aware that this issue is affecting them,

their catch, and the general population. (zmescience)

Therefore, it implies that the coastal pollution can affect the residents’ livelihood though

they catch enough fish to sustain the needs of their families. Some of them answered that the

plastics that was found in the coastal may block the elesi or the net that the fisherman used to

catch fishes. However, the researchers conclude that clean-up that involve the resident’s

fisherman can make a significant impact, not only in reducing pollution and raising awareness

but also in understanding the distribution and underlying causes of coastal pollution.
 C.
Eating fish
10%

Yes
No

90%

MARKET

Figure 13. Eating fishes

This graph shows that out of 60 respondents, 54 respondents (90%) answered yes, that

they are always eating fish while 6 (10%) of them answered No.

Buying fish directly to the market

15%

Yes
No

85%
 Figure 14. Buying fish to the market

Examine fish
18%

This

another

Yes graph
No
shows

that

out of
82%
60

respondents, 51 respondents (85%) answered yes, that they are buying fish directly to the market

while 9 (15%) of them answered No.

Figure 15. Examining fishes before buying them

This graph shows that out of 60 respondents, 49 respondents (81.67%) answered yes, that

they are always examining the fish before buying it while 11 (18.33%) of them answered No.

This study shows that Market or Economic Loss is one of the impact of Coastal Pollution

to the residents of Bonifacio Sreet Brgy. Poblacion Mariveles, Bataan.

A study of Ofiara DD, et al. stated that Biological effects from marine pollution are linked with

resulting economic effects and losses. The literature has examined several effects due to marine
pollution: damages due to harvest closures-restrictions, damages from consumption of unsafe

seafood, damages due to decreased recreational activity, and damages related to waterfront real

estate adjacent to contaminated water. Overall, marine pollution can and has resulted in sizable

economic effects and losses.

D.
Tourists
32%

Yes
No

68%

TOURISM

Figure 16. Tourists

 Attractiveness of 'pantalan'
20% In this

figure,

68.3%

Yes of the
No

80%

respondents saw tourist visiting 'pantalan' while 31.7% only of the respondents did not see any

tourist visiting near the coast. Meaning there are people who visit the area for some reasons like

for them to watch the sunrise and sunset.

Figure 17. Attractiveness of ‘Pantalan’

 In this result, 20% only of the respondents thinks that 'pantalan' can be a tourist spot

while 80% of them think that 'pantalan' cannot attract any tourist. Some of them said that this is

because of the current situation of the coastal in which not good for the sight as well as the bad

odor produces by the pollution.

Awareness for the tourists

35%

Yes
No

65%

Figure 18. Awareness for the tourists

For this figure, 65% of our respondents are very aware that some tourist who visited the

'pantalan' throws their garbage on the sea, while only 35% of them are not aware of that.
Majority of them said that some tourist also contributes to the pollution experiencing by the

coastal.

In general, based on the result of this study, the researcher found out that there is a

relationship between the coastal pollution and tourism. And it is argued in the article entitled

Tourism and Environmental Pollution, that in recent literature the tourism and pollution have

feedback relationship. And the pollution level may affect the tourist arrivals (Cadarso et al.).

Coastal pollution cannott only affect tourism in the Bonifacio, but the tourism itself can also

cause pollution. In areas with high concentrations of tourist activities and appealing natural

attractions, waste disposal is a serious problem and improper disposal can be a major despoiler of

the natural environment - rivers, scenic areas, and roadsides. For example, cruise ships in the

Caribbean are estimated to produce more than 70,000 tons of waste each year. Today some

cruise lines are actively working to reduce waste-related impacts. Solid waste and littering can

degrade the physical appearance of the water and shoreline and cause the death of marine

animals (Our Planet, 1999). Several investigations have been made, with the aim of finding out

the causes and consequences of water quality deterioration because of tourism development. The

results show that the present mode of water utilization is not sustainable, and some of the local

residents have already complained about water quality degradation. Increasing numbers of

tourists, relative service infrastructures, such as, shops, restaurants, and hotels, and in addition,

insufficient management measures, result in the decline of water quality. Countermeasures on

water management approaches are suggested to deal with the current water pollution, and make

tourism development sustainable (Ning baoying,2007)

 E.
Awareness

42%

Yes
No

58%

ATTITUDE

Figure 19. Awareness

 Concerned about the effects

48%
Yes
52%
No

In this result, there are 35 or 58.33% respondents who are aware of coastal pollution in

their area while the other 25 or 41.67% who does not aware of coastal pollution, for a total of 60

respondents.

Figure 20. Concerned about the effects

 In this figure, there are 29 or 48.33% respondents that are concerned with how our plastic

waste affects our natural environment while 31 or 51.67% who does not concerned with the

effects of plastic waste in our natural environment, for a total of 60 respondents and 100%.

Coastal Pollution as a problem

4%

Yes
No

96%

Figure 21. Coastal pollution as a problem

 Help of beach clean-up
17%

Yes
No

83%

In this result, there are 52 or 86.67% respondents who think that coastal pollution is a

problem while 8 or 13.33% who does not think that coastal pollution is a problem, for a total of

100% (60 respondents).

Figure 22. Help of beach clean-up

And in this figure, 50 or 83.33% respondents who think that a beach clean-up would help

while 10 or 16.67% who does not think that it would help, for a total of 60 respondents (100%).

All in all, According to McAllister (2015), most communities have the attitudes of not

concern of waste management which reduces their responsibility for the environment. This is

with the reason that most community members are not involved in decision making so therefore
develop the attitude of not concern which makes them not responsible for waste management.

This attitude differs among socio-economic groups. However, the attitude and behaviour of

individuals can be positively influenced by implementing quality waste management systems to

properly manage waste generated. When requirements for basic food and shelter absorb the

attention of the largest portion of the community, then many environmental values are neglected.

This means that people who satisfy or are satisfied with their basic needs are sensitive to

management of waste.

However, if this kind of residents’ attitude continue, the current problem will keep

getting worse and it is hard to solve. The residents must have a concerned to the environment and

be educated to the possible impact of it to the surroundings and to themselves.

F.
Thrownaway Garbage
28%

Yes
2nd Qtr

72%

HABIT
 Figure 23. Thrownaway Garbage

In this figure, it shows that forty eight (out of 60) said that they once thrown their garbage

on the coastline and has an equivalent percentage of eighty percent (80%), and for those

answered by no are twelve (12) and has an equivalent percentage of (20%) twenty percent. In

this result, the percentage of throwing their garbage on the coastline are getting worst and

continuously increasing.

According to Parker (2015), in 2010, eight million tons of plastic trash ended up in the

ocean from coastal countries—far more than the total that has been measured floating on the

surface in the ocean's "garbage patches." That is the bad news. The even worse news is that the

tonnage is on target to increase tenfold in the next decade unless the world finds a way to

improve how garbage is collected and managed. The findings are part of a ground breaking

study published Thursday in Science that for the first time quantifies how much garbage flows

into the world's oceans every year. Until now, most efforts to measure ocean debris have

involved sample counts of plastic floating on the surface in large  garbage patches in each of

the world's oceans. A study last year, for example, estimated the amount of floating trash to be

245,000 tons at most.

In conclusion, the habit or practices of the people when it comes throwing their garbage

on the coastal is once contribute to the pollution in the area.

 Attend coastal clean-up
8%

Yes
No

92%

Figure 24: Coastal Clean-up

For the question, “Have you attended a coastal clean-up before?” (5) five answered by

yes and has an equivalent percentage of (8.33%) eight point thirty three percent, and for who are

answered by no are (55) fifty five and has an equivalent percentage of (91.97%) ninety one point

ninety seven percent. In this result, the percentages of participating in coastal clean-up are low.

With this residence need to pay attention to importance with regards in participating in coastal

clean-up.

According to Williams (2016), Volunteer beach cleans may only make a small

contribution to the presence and prevalence of marine litter but could have numerous benefits to

those involved and to the environment, new research suggests. The study – published in

Environment and Behaviour – examined the well-being and educational value of beach cleans,
and their impacts on individuals’ behavioural intentions, and how that compared to other coastal

activities such as rock pooling, or walking. So, the coastal clean-up is an important activity or

action to lessen the current problem that the residents’ of Bonifacio Street are facing.

Garbage bins or cans

23%

Yes
No

77%

Figure 25. Garbage Bins

For the question, “Do you have garbage bins on your house?” (46) forty six out of (60)

sixty are answered yes and has an equivalent percentage of (76.67%) seventy six point sixty

seven percent, and for answered no are (14) fourteen and has an equivalent percentage of

(23.33%) twenty three point thirty three percent. In this result, the percentage of every household

who have garbage bins in their house are high.

According to Yoada et al. (2014) The results of their study revealed that 93.1% of

households disposed of food debris as waste and 77.8% disposed of plastic materials as waste.

The study also showed that 61.0% of the households disposed of their waste at community bins

or had waste picked up at their homes by private contractors. The remaining 39.0% disposed of
their waste in gutters, streets, holes and nearby bushes. Of those who paid for the services of

private contractors, 62.9% were not satisfied with the services because of their cost and irregular

collection. About 83% of the respondents were aware that improper waste management

contributes to disease causation; most of the respondents thought that improper waste

management could lead to malaria and diarrhoea. There was a general perception that children

should be responsible for transporting waste from the households to dumping sites.

In this result, majority of the respondents have garbage cans or bins in their houses but it

does not enough to cover up their everyday wastes and that causes them to throw away some of

their wastes in the coastal. This is also because the garbage collector scheduled on Monday,

Wednesday, Friday but according to some residents, they visit the vicinity inconsistently.

G. EFFECTS

Directly affects the residents

13%

Yes
No

87%
 Figure 26. Coastal Pollution Directly affects the residents

The first reults shows that 88.33% of rhe repondents answered Yes that they think coastal

pollution directly affect them while 11.67% answered No. The other shows that 73.33% of the

respondents answered Yes that coastal pollution affects the residents of Bonifacio especially to

fisherman. To sum it up, 87% answered Yes while 13% answered No.

Based the study of NIOSH,2003 the most obvious human health issues, associated with

the oceans have been those of deaths and injury among the marine occupations such as fishing.

A study of Todd, 1990; and Anderson et al. 2000 stated that the past many of these

illnesses have been highly localized to island and coastal communities as endemic diseases. With

increasing worldwide seafood consumption and trade, as well as international tourism, these

diseases are expanding beyond their traditional geographic boundaries. One side effect has been

the high costs of diagnosis and treatment of disease in traditionally non-endemic areas.

In conclusion, the residents of Bonifacio street was directly affected by the coastal

pollution in different areas like their health, job, the market, tourism, their children, as well as the

current problem was also caused by their improper behavior, attitude, practices, and habits.