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Homogeneous - With Shearing

Homogeneous coordinates allow 2D transformations like translation, scaling, and rotation to be represented as 3x3 matrices by embedding 2D points in a 3D hyperspace. A point (x,y) is represented as (xw, yw, w) where w is not equal to 0. 2D transformations map points in the hyperplane defined by w=1 to other points in that hyperplane. Common 2D transformations represented using homogeneous coordinates include translation, scaling, rotation, reflection, and shearing.

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Ferdousi Rahman
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80 views18 pages

Homogeneous - With Shearing

Homogeneous coordinates allow 2D transformations like translation, scaling, and rotation to be represented as 3x3 matrices by embedding 2D points in a 3D hyperspace. A point (x,y) is represented as (xw, yw, w) where w is not equal to 0. 2D transformations map points in the hyperplane defined by w=1 to other points in that hyperplane. Common 2D transformations represented using homogeneous coordinates include translation, scaling, rotation, reflection, and shearing.

Uploaded by

Ferdousi Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Homogeneous

2D Transformation

.
Homogeneous coordinates
• Add an additional dimension, the w-axis,
and an extra coordinate, the w-
component
– Thus, 2D -> 3D (effectively the hyperspace
for embedding 2D space)
• Allow expression of all three 2D
transformations as 3x3 matrices
 We start with the point P2d on the xy plane and apply a mapping to bring it to the w-
plane in the hyperspace
 P2d(x,y)  Ph(wx, wy, w), w≠0
 The resulting (x’,y’) coordinates in our new point Ph are different from the original
(x,y), since x’ = wx, y’ = wy
 Ph(x’, y’, w), w ≠ 0

.
Homogeneous coordinates
• The transformations we use will always map
points in the hyperplane defined by w = 1 to
other such points.
• In other words, we want our transformations
T to map points v =  x to points v’ =  x'
 y  y '
   
 1   1 

.
2D Transformation

.
Homogenious

.
2d>3D

.
Homogeneous Translation

.
Homogeneous Scaling

.
Homogeneous Rotation

.
2D Transformations
• 2D translation matrix
P’ = T • P

• 2D scaling matrix
P’ = S • P

• 2D rotation matrix
P’ = R • P

.
Examples
• Scaling: Scale by 15 in the x direction, 17 in
the y 15 0 0
 0 17 0
 
 0 0 1

cos(123)  sin(123) 0
• Rotation: Rotate by 123o  sin(123) cos(123) 0
 
 0 0 1

• Translation: Translate by 2 in the x direction, 3


é1 0 2 ù
in the y ê ú
ê0 1 3 ú
ê 0 0 1 ú
ë û

.
Mirror Reflection
Y Y

(1,1)
(-1,1) (1,1)

X X

(1,-1)

x  x y   y x   x y  y

.
2D Transformations
• 2D shear
– Distorts shape of objects
• Transformed shape appears as if the object were
composed of internal layers that had been caused to
slide over each other
Homogeneous Shearing

.
.

.
.

.
2D Form

.
Homogeneous form

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