Petroleum Report Experiment Lab Outlines

Petroleum report experiment lab
Outlines
Aim……………………………………………….……………………………….……. 1
Theory…………………………………………………………………………….……..1
Equipment and materials ……………………………………………………….….……2
Procedure………………………………………………………….…………….……….2
Result and discussion…………………………………………………………….………3
Conclusion ………………………………………………………………….…..……….4
References…………………………………………………………….………..………...4
Aim
The purpose of this experiment is to find density by using a device which known as density
meter by using hydrometer at different temperatures
Theory
Density is a measure of how compact the mass in a substance or object is. The density of an
object or substance can be calculated from this equation: density in kilograms per meter cubed is
equal to mass in kilograms, divided by volume in meters cubed. Or in other words, density is
mass spread out over a volume. Density is super important because it relates to whether things
rise or sink. Less dense materials tend to rise above more dense materials, particularly in the case
of liquids and gases. So understanding density has major implications for the motions of
materials and gases in the atmosphere and objects floating (or sinking) in water. (B
Krishnamachari, 2002) Density is the reason some objects sink and other objects float. And it's
the reason that some clouds are high in the sky, while others are low down. To calculate the
density (usually represented by the Greek letter "ρ") of an object, take the mass (m) and divide
by the volume (v):
ρ = m / v
The SI unit of density is kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3). It is also frequently represented in
the cgs unit of grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3).
Density meter for the determination of the density, relative density, or API gravity of liquid
petroleum products using portable digital density meters at test temperatures between 0 and 40°C
(32 to 104°F). It contains of a sensors which is contacted to the water bath and can measure
density when the device turned on it shows (pv) and (sv) which are the present value and set
value respectively. The device measure the exact density which is easy to use. hydrometer is an
instrument used for measuring the relative density of liquids based on the concept of buoyancy.
They are typically calibrated and graduated with one or more scales such as specific gravity. A
hydrometer usually consists of a sealed hollow glass tube with a wider bottom portion
for buoyancy, a ballast such as lead or mercury for stability, and a narrow stem with graduations
for measuring. The liquid to test is poured into a tall container, often a graduated cylinder, and
the hydrometer is gently lowered into the liquid until it floats freely. The point at which the
surface of the liquid touch the
1
Stem of the hydrometer correlates to relative density. A pycnometer is a small glass bottle of
known volume for determining the relative density of liquids and solids by weighing.
Equipment and materials
 Hydrometer
 Thermometer
 Density meter
 Gasoline
 Water
Procedure
1. At the first for measuring density of gasoline by Density meter. Turn it on this shows
two temperatures the top on is present value which is the current temperature and at the
bottom set value which is in(c).
2. Read the present value which was (16.5 c) then set the value which is (20 c) at the
first,then wait for a few minute until the temperature is achieved when is achieved use
hydrometer to read the density which was (0.833g/cc).
3. Set present value but this time for temperature (25c) and wait a few minute until the
temperature is obtained again use hydrometer which is so as to find Density which is
(0.827g/cc).
4. Again do this steps for temperature (35c) to find density at that temperature which was
(0.822g/cc).
2
Result and discussion
Table 1: final results
Temperature (C) Density with Density with Density with density

hydrometer (g/cc) pycnometer (g/cc) meter(g/cc)
20 0.816 0.815 0.833
25 0.8125 0.8097 0.827
35 0.811 0.8047 0.822
density metohds comparision

3
2.5 0.83 0.83 0.82
2
0.82 0.81 0.8
1.5
1
0.82 0.81 0.81
0.5
0
20 25 35
denisty by hydrometer denisty by pycnometer denisty by density meter

As it shown in the chart by increasing temperature the density will decrease it means they change
inversely there is differences between measure density with hydrometer and density meter.at
temperature (20 C) density by hydrometer ,pycnometer and density meter was(0.833g/cc,0.827
g/cc and 0.822 g/cc) respectively, at the temperature (25 C ) densities are (0.815 g/cc which is
density by hydrometer ,density by pycnometer is 0.8097g/cc ,density by 0.8047g/cc)and at the
third density reading at (35C)the density by hydrometer, pycnometer and density meter
was(0.816g/cc,0.8125 g/cc and 0.811 g/cc) respectively. which in reality the three curves have to
be on a line but as it shown the lines are different form each other so it indicate that density
methods by hydrometer and pycnometer was not accurate as like as density by density meter.
3
Conclusion
To sum up this experiment done to find density of gasoline by density meter which has water
bath it is the most important thing in this device the water bath shows the exact temperature
which helps finding density in the experiment to be more accurate then hydrometer and
pycnometer.
References
 Analytical, R. R., 2012. Density Meter Concentration Measurement Method &
Applications.
 Tiab, D. a. E. C. D., 2011. Theory and Practice of Measuring Reservoir Rock and Fluid
Transport Properties.
TAREK AHMAD BOOK RESERVOIR ENGINEERING BOOK

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Petroleum report experiment lab

Equipment and materials ……………………………………………………….….……2

Result and discussion…………………………………………………………….………3

Equipment and materials

Table 1: final results

Temperature (C) Density with Density with Density with density

density metohds comparision

2.5 0.83 0.83 0.82

denisty by hydrometer denisty by pycnometer denisty by density meter

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