DIFFERENTIATION & FUNCTIONS (Q 6, 7 & 8, PAPER 1)

LESSON NO. 5: DIFFERENTIATION 3: QUOTIENTS

2007
3x dy
7 (b) (ii) Given that y = , find .
2x + 3 dx
k
Write your answer in the form , where k , n ∈ N.
(2 x + 3) n
SOLUTION
u
du dv THE QUOTIENT RULE: If y = then:
v −u v
dy
= dx 2 dx v
du
−u
dv
dx v dy
= dx dx ....... 3
dy (2 x + 3)3 − (3 x)2 dx v2
⇒ =
dx (2 x + 3) 2
dy 6 x + 9 − 6 x du
⇒ = u = 3x ⇒ =3
dx (22 x + 3) 2 dx
dv
dy 9 v = 2x + 3 ⇒ = 2+0 = 2
⇒ = dx
dx (2 x + 3) 2

2006
x2 −1
7 (b) (i) Differentiate with respect to x and write your answer in its simplest form.
x +1
SOLUTION
u
THE QUOTIENT RULE: If y = then:
v
du
u = x2 −1 ⇒ = 2x − 0 = 2x v
du
−u
dv
dx dy dx dx ....... 3
=
dv dx v2
v = x +1 ⇒ = 1+ 0 = 1
dx

du dv
v −u
x 2 − 1 dy dx dx = ( x + 1)(2 x) − ( x − 1)(1)
2
y= ⇒ =
x +1 dx v2 ( x + 1) 2
dy 2 x 2 + 2 x − x 2 + 1
⇒ =
dx ( x + 1) 2
dy x 2 + 2 x + 1
⇒ = [You can factorise the top: x 2 + 2 x + 1 = ( x + 1)( x + 1) = ( x + 1) 2 . ]
dx ( x + 1) 2
dy ( x + 1) 2
⇒ = =1
dx ( x + 1) 2
2005
x2 dy
7 (b) (ii) Given that y = , find when x = 3.
x −1 dx
SOLUTION
u
THE QUOTIENT RULE: If y = then:
x2 v
y= u = x2 ⇒
du
= 2x
x −1 dx v
du
−u
dv
dy dx dx ....... 3
=
dv v2
v = x −1 ⇒ =1 dx
dx
du dv
v −u
dx = ( x − 1)(2 x) − x (1)
2
dy dx
=
dx v2 ( x − 1) 2
dy 2 x 2 − 2 x − x 2
⇒ =
dx ( x − 1) 2
dy x 2 − 2 x
⇒ =
dx ( x − 1) 2
⎛ dy ⎞ (3) 2 − 2(3) 9 − 6
⇒⎜ ⎟ = =
⎝ dx ⎠ x =3 ((3) − 1)
2
(2) 2
⎛ dy ⎞ 3
⇒⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ dx ⎠ x =3 4

2002
2x
7 (b) (ii) Differentiate with respect to x and simplify your answer.
x −1
SOLUTION
du dv
v −u THE QUOTIENT RULE: If y =
u
2x dy ( x − 1)2 − 2 x(1) then:
y= ⇒ = dx 2 dx = v
x − 1 dx v ( x − 1) 2 v
du
−u
dv
dy ....... 3
dy 2 x − 2 − 2 x 2 = dx dx
⇒ = =− dx v2
dx ( x − 1) 2
( x − 1) 2

du
u = 2x ⇒ =2
dx
dv
v = ( x − 1) ⇒ =1
dx
2001
dy x2
7 (b) (i) Find when y = , x ≠ 4.
dx x−4
SOLUTION u
THE QUOTIENT RULE: If y = then:
v
x2
y= du
−u
dv
( x − 4) dy
v
dx dx ....... 3
=
du dv dx v2
v −u
dy ( x − 4)(2 x) − x 2 (1)
⇒ = dx 2 dx =
dx v ( x − 1) 2 u = x2 ⇒
du
= 2x
dy 2 x 2 − 8 x − x 2 x 2 − 8 x dx
⇒ = = du
dx ( x − 1) 2 ( x − 1) 2 v = ( x − 4) ⇒ =1
dx

2000
dy 2x − 7
7 (b) (i) Find when y = , x ≠ 1.
dx x −1
SOLUTION u
THE QUOTIENT RULE: If y = then:
v
du
u = ( 2 x − 7) ⇒ =2 v
du
−u
dv
dx dy dx dx ....... 3
=
dv dx v2
v = ( x − 1) ⇒ =1
dx
2x − 7
y=
x −1
du dv
v−u
dy ( x − 1)2 − (2 x − 7)1
⇒ = dx 2 dx =
dx v ( x − 1) 2
dy 2 x − 2 − 2 x + 7 5
⇒ = =
dx ( x − 1) 2
( x − 1) 2
1999
dy x2 dy
7 (b) (ii) Find when y = , x ≠ 1. Show that = 0 at x = 0.
dx 1− x dx
SOLUTION
u
THE QUOTIENT RULE: If y = then:
du v
u = x2 ⇒ = 2x du dv
dx v −u
dy dx dx ....... 3
dv =
v = (1 − x) ⇒ = −1 dx v2
dx

x2
y=
1− x
du dv
v −u
dx = (1 − x)(2 x) − x (−1)
2
dy dx
⇒ =
dx v2 (1 − x) 2
dy 2 x − 2 x 2 + x 2 2 x − x 2
⇒ = =
dx (1 − x) 2 (1 − x) 2
⎛ dy ⎞ 2(0) − (0) 2 0
∴⎜ ⎟ = = =0
⎝ dx ⎠ x =0 (1 − 0) 2 1

1998
dy 2x
7 (b) (i) Find when y = 2 .
dx x +1
SOLUTION
u
du THE QUOTIENT RULE: If y = then:
u = 2x ⇒ =2 v
dx du dv
v −u
dv dy
= dx dx ....... 3
v = ( x 2 + 1) ⇒ = 2x dx v2
2x dx
y=
x +1
2

du dv
v −u
dx = ( x + 1)2 − 2 x(2 x)
2
dy dx
⇒ =
dx v2 ( x 2 + 1) 2
dy 2 x 2 + 2 − 4 x 2 2 − 2 x 2
⇒ = = 2
dx ( x 2 + 1) 2 ( x + 1) 2
1996
dy 2x
7 (b) (i) Find when y = , for x ∈ R and x ≠ ±2.
dx 4 − x2
dy
Show that > 0.
dx
SOLUTION u
THE QUOTIENT RULE: If y = then:
v
du
u = 2x ⇒ =2 v
du
−u
dv
dx dy
= dx dx ....... 3
dv dx v2
v = 4 − x2 ⇒ = −2 x
dx
2x
y=
4 − x2
du dv
v −u
dx = (4 − x )(2) − 2 x(−2 x)
2
dy dx
⇒ =
dx v2 (4 − x 2 )2
dy 8 − 2 x 2 + 4 x 2 2x2 + 8
⇒ = =
dx (4 − x 2 )2 (4 − x 2 )2

dy 2x2 + 8
= > 0 for both positive and negative values of x as when they are squared the
dx (4 − x 2 ) 2
answer will be positive.