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C N (Q 4, P 1) 1998: Omplex Umbers Aper

This document discusses complex numbers and solving equations involving complex numbers. It contains: 1) Plotting powers of a complex number w = 2i on an Argand diagram. 2) Showing that 4 - 3i is a root of an equation and finding the other root. 3) Investigating if an equation involving complex numbers is true by equating moduli. 4) Expressing a complex number in the form a + bi and using this to solve an equation for real values of k and t.

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Graham Moore
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41 views

C N (Q 4, P 1) 1998: Omplex Umbers Aper

This document discusses complex numbers and solving equations involving complex numbers. It contains: 1) Plotting powers of a complex number w = 2i on an Argand diagram. 2) Showing that 4 - 3i is a root of an equation and finding the other root. 3) Investigating if an equation involving complex numbers is true by equating moduli. 4) Expressing a complex number in the form a + bi and using this to solve an equation for real values of k and t.

Uploaded by

Graham Moore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPLEX NUMBERS (Q 4, PAPER 1)

1998
4 (a) Let w = 2i, where i 2 = −1. Plot
(i) w2,

(ii) w3
on an Argand diagram.

(b) (i) Verify that 4 − 3i is a root of


z 2 − 8 z + 25 = 0
and write down the other root.

(ii) Investigate if
2 + 14i = 10(1 − i ) .

(c) Let u = 2 − i.
(i) Express u + u1 in the form a + bi, a, b ∈ R.

(ii) Hence, solve


k (u + u1 ) + ti = 18
for real k and real t.
SOLUTION
4 (a) (i)
Powers of i -4 Re
w2 = (2i ) 2 = 4i 2 = −4 = −4 + 0i
i = −1 = i
i 2 = −1
4 (a) (ii)
i 3 = −i
w3 = (2i )3 = 8i 3 = −8i = 0 − 8i
i4 = 1 -8
Im

4 (b) (i)
If a + bi is a root of a quadratic equation with all real
coefficients, then its conjugate, a − bi, is also a root.

To show that that 4 − 3i is a root of z 2 − 8 z + 25 = 0 substitute it in for z and show that you
get zero.
(4 − 3i ) 2 − 8(4 − 3i ) + 25
= (4 − 3i )(4 − 3i ) − 8(4 − 3i ) + 25
= 16 − 12i − 12i + 9i 2 − 32 + 24i + 25
= 16 − 12i − 12i − 9 − 32 + 24i + 25
=0
Therefore, 4 − 3i is a root. The other root is 4 + 3i.
4 (b) (ii)
Finding the modulus:

z = a + bi ⇒ z = a 2 + b 2 ....... 2
LHS RHS
2 + 14i = 22 + 142 10(1 − i ) = 10 − 10i

= 4 + 196 = 200 = 102 + (−10) 2


= 100 × 2 = 10 2 = 100 + 100 = 200
= 100 × 2 = 10 2
Therefore, the statement is true.

4 (c) (i) Working out the conjugate: z = a + bi ⇒ z = a − bi ....... 1

DIVISION: Multiply above and below by the conjugate of the bottom.

1 1
u+ = 2−i +
u 2−i
1 (2 + i)
= 2−i + × [Multiply above and below by the conjugate of the bottom.]
(2 − i ) (2 + i)
2+i
= 2−i + [Multiply out the brackets.]
4 + 2i − 2i − i 2
2+i 2+i
= 2−i + = 2−i + [Tidy up using the fact that i 2 = −1. ]
4 +1 5
= 2 − i + 52 + 15 i [Divide the 5 on the bottom into each term above.]
= 125 − 54 i [Add the real parts and the imaginary parts.]

4 (c) (ii)
For all equations you can equate (set equal) the real parts and
the imaginary parts.

⎛ 1⎞
k ⎜ u + ⎟ + ti = 18 [Write 18 as a complex number.]
⎝ u⎠
⇒ k ( 5 − 54 i ) + ti = 18 + 0i
12

⇒ 125 k − 54 ki + ti = 18 + 0i
⇒ 152 k + (− 54 k + t )i = 18 + 0i [Gather up the real parts and the imaginary parts.]

Equating the real parts: 12


5 k = 18 ⇒ k = 18 × 125 = 152
Equating the imaginary parts: − 54 k + t = 0 ⇒ − 54 ( 152 ) + t = 0 ⇒ −6 + t = 0 ⇒ t = 6

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