A Project Report

on

Name of Project

Submitted for partial fulfillment of award of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

Degree
In
Computer Science & Engineering

By

STUDENTS
Names ( Univ. Roll Nos.)

Under the Guidance of

(Name of Guide)
Assistant Professor
Department of CSE

I.T.S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GREATER NOIDA

APRIL 2020
 I.T.S. Engineering College, Gr. Noida
GUIDELINES FOR B. TECH. PROJECT

These guidelines for successful completion of B.Tech. projects are to facilitate departments in effective
and uniform regulation of projects being carried out by undergraduate students in 8 th semester.

Guidelines for Project Report Preparation

FORMAT OF COVER PAGE (Hard Bound)

A Project Report
on

Name of Project

Submitted for partial fulfillment of award of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

Degree
In
Computer Science & Engineering

By

STUDENTS
Names( Univ. Roll Nos.)

Under the Guidance of

(Name of Guide)
Assistant Professor
Department of CSE

I.T.S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GREATER NOIDA

APRIL 2020

FORMAT FOR INSIDE COVER PAGE

As same given on 1st Page

NUMBER OF COPIES TO BE SUBMITTED FOR EVALUATION:

B.Tech. Project TWO copies to be submitted to the College

Running Project CD:

The students should submit a CD with each copy of Project . The CD should be in cover and
paste on the last page of project Report.
The CD contains the Running code +Presentation +Project Report

Arrangement of Contents of Project Report

The sequence in which the project report should be arranged and bound is as follows
Sequence of Report:

1. Cover Page & Title Page

2. Certificate
3. Acknowledgement
4. Plagiarism Certificate
5.Certificate for Project report submission for evaluation
6. Abstract (Not more than 2 pages)
7. Table of Contents along with page numbers
8. List of tables
9. List of Figures
10. List of Symbols, Abbreviations
11. Chapter 1: Introduction
12.Chapter 2: System Requirement Specification
13.Chapter 3: SDLC Methodologies
14.Chapter 4: Requirement Analysis and Specification
15.Chapter 5: System Design / wireframe /Application Architecture
16. Chapter 6: Project Modules Design/ Database Design/ Software Features
17. Chapter 7: Testing and Evaluation
18. Chapter 8: Project Snapshots
19. Chapter 9: limitations
20. Chapter 10: Future Scope
21. Conclusion
22. Bibliography
 Text :

The text should be typed in 12 font size Times New Roman style in 1.5 spacing on one side of
A4 size page (Executive Bond) only. The Captions for figures should be typed at the its bottom
for example 4th figure in Chapter 3 should be captioned as Figure. 3.4 Title of Figure. The
captions for tables should be typed at its top for example 7 th table in Chapter 3 should be
captioned as Table. 3.7 Title of Table.

Numbering of Chapters, Sections and Sub-sections.

The numbering of Chapters, division and sub-divisions should be done using Arabic numerals
only and further decimal notation should be used for numbering the divisions and subdivisions
within a chapter. For examples sub-division 4 under division 3 belonging to chapter 2 should be
numbered as 2.3.4.

Equations appearing in each Chapter should be numbered serially, the numbering commencing
fresh for each Chapter or Appendix. For example, an equation appearing in Chapter 2, if it
happens to be the eighth equation in that Chapter 2 should be numbered (2.8). While referring
this equation in the body of the project it should be referred to as Equation (2.8).

List of References / Bibliography

Any work of other researchers, if used either directly or indirectly, the origin of the material thus
referred to at appropriate places in the report should be indicated. The citation may assume any
of the standard form (preferably ASCE, ASCE, IEEE, or other international Journal Publishers
such as Elsevier, Kluwer, Pergamon etc.). For more details the students may contact their
respective guides.

Electronic Documents E-books

[1] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman, Software Architecture in Practice, 2nd ed. Reading,
MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. [E-book] Available: Safari e-book.

Article in Online Encyclopedia

[2] D. Ince, “Acoustic coupler,” in A Dictionary of the Internet. Oxford University Press,
[online document], 2001. Available: Oxford Reference Online, http://www.oxfordreference.com
[Accessed: May 24, 2007].

Journal Article Abstract (accessed from online database)

[1] M. T. Kimour and D. Meslati, “Deriving objects from use cases in real-time embedded
systems,” Information and Software Technology, vol. 47, no. 8, p. 533, June 2005. [Abstract].
Available: ProQuest, http://www.umi.com/proquest/. [Accessed November 12, 2007].

Journal Article in Scholarly Journal (published free of charge on the Internet)

[2] A. Altun, “Understanding hypertext in the context of reading on the web: Language learners’
experience,” Current Issues in Education, vol. 6, no. 12, July, 2005. [Online serial]. Available:
http://cie.ed.asu.edu/volume6/number12/. [Accessed Dec. 2, 2007].

Newspaper Article from the Internet

[3] C. Wilson-Clark, “Computers ranked as key literacy,” The Atlanta Journal Constitution, para.
3, March 29, 2007. [Online], Available: http://www.thewest.com.au. [Accessed Sept. 18, 2007].
Internet Documents

Professional Internet Site

[1] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB):
Implementation guide for DVB terrestrial services; transmission aspects,” European
Telecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI-TR-101, 2007. [Online]. Available:
http://www.etsi.org. [Accessed: Nov. 12, 2007].

General Internet Site

[2] J. Geralds, “Sega Ends Production of Dreamcast,” vnunet.com, para. 2, Jan. 31, 2007.
[Online]. Available: http://nli.vnunet.com/news/1116995. [Accessed Sept. 12, 2007].

Print Documents Books

Books

[4] R. Hayes, G. Pisano, and S. Wheelwright, Operations, Strategy, and Technical Knowledge.
Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007

Page Dimensions and Margin

The dimensions of the final bound 2 copies report should be Standard A4 size (297mm x
210mm) paper may be used for preparing the copies. The Project (at the time of submission)
should have the following page margins: Top and Bottom edge : 25 mm (1 inches) Left and
right side : 30 mm (1.25 inches)

Page Type : The project report should print on 85 GSM white bond paper.

Page Numbering

All pages numbers should be typed at the center of page bottom. The preliminary pages of the
Project (such as Title page, Acknowledgement, Table of Contents, List of tables and figures,
Notations, Abbreviations etc.) should be numbered in lower case Roman numerals.

Size of Project

The size of Project should not exceed 150 Pages of typed matter reckoned from the First page of
Chapter 1 to the last page of the Appendix.

Binding Specifications:

Project submitted (2copies) should be bound in Black Color (Matt finish) hard rexin binding
with golden engraved letters. The side/face of thickness of Project should have the name of the
project, and month of submission .
 Plagiarism Checker Tool

For this session the students can use free online plagiarism tool and the report will generate .
Attach that report with the final Project Report
www. Duplichecker.com
www. plagiarismdefector.net

Number of Copies to be submitted.

Two hard Copies of Project Report (one for departmental library and one for Project Guide) are
to be submitted before 14th July 2020 to the Project Coordinator.

Project Coordinator
Mr. Devesh Garg

The sample of Table of contents is given. It is a reference of

contents. The chapters and titles , subtitles, list of tables, list of
Figures can be different as per the requirement of your Project . The
sample Pages of Chapters also Given

Before the Final Print Please Check and verify from your guide.
 CERTIFICATE

Certified that Name of students, Name of students has carried out the
Project work presented in this project entitled “Title of Project” for the
award of Bachelor of Technology from Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Technical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow under my supervision.
The Project embodies result of original work and studies carried out by
Student himself and the contents of the Project do not form the basis for
the award of any other degree to the candidate or to anybody else.

Name of Supervisor
Assistant Professor
Department of CSE
Date:

Dr. Ashish Kumar

HOD
( Department of CSE)
ABSTRACT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the Report of the Project “ Name of

Project” undertaken during B.Tech final Year. First and foremost We wish to

thank our Guide Prof. Name of Guide , Department of Computer Science and

Engineering , I.T.S. Engineering College, Greater Noida for his/her kind

blessings to us . He/She allowed us the freedom to explore, while at the same time

provided us with invaluable sight without which this Project would not have been

possible.

We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all

faculty members of the Department for their kind assistance and cooperation

during the development of our project.

Name of Student Name of Student

(Roll no.) (Roll no.)

Name of Student Name of Student

(Roll no.) (Roll no.)
 I.T.S ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GREATER NOIDA

CERTIFICATE OF PROJECT REPORT SUBMISSION FOR EVALUATION

1. Project Title: …………………………………………………………………….………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..………

……………………………….………………………………………...………………..

2.
Project Preparation Guide was referred for preparing the Report YES NO
3. The contents of the Project Report have been organized based on
the guidelines. YES NO
4.
The Report has been prepared without resorting to plagiarism. YES NO

5. All sources used have been cited appropriately in Project Report YES NO

6. Submitted Two Hard bound copies along with one CD. YES NO

Name of Student Name of Student

(Roll no.) (Roll no.)

Name of Student Name of Student

(Roll no.) (Roll no.)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

CERTIFICATE ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS xii

1. 1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STEGANOGRAPHY PROCESS 4

1.1.1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEGANOGRAPHY 5
1.1.2 USES OF STEGANOGRAPHY 7
1.1.3 STEGANOGRAPHY AND ENCRYPTION 9
1.1.4 LIMITATION 10
1.1.5 METHODS OF DIGITAL STEGANOGRAPHY 11
1.1.5.1 IMAGES AS CARRIERS 12
1.1.5.2 AUDIO FILE CARRIERS 12
1.2 MOTIVATION 13

2. BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORK 14

2.1 TECHNIQUES FOR DATA HIDING 14

2.1.1 DATA HIDING IN STILL IMAGE 19
2.1.2 DATA HIDING IN AUDIO 21
2.1.3 PHASAE CODING 26
2.1.4 SPREAD SPECTRUM 26
2.1.5 ECHO DATA HIDING 27
2.2 AUDIO STEGANOGRAPHY 28
2.2.1 LSB BASED AUDI STEGANOGRAPHY 30
2.2.2 DATA HIDING USING BIT MODIFICATION 35
2.2.3 DATA HIDING BY TONE INSERTION 37
2.2.4 PHASE CODING 39
 LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER NO. TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

2 Table 2.1 Audio Stream with Encoded 32

4 Table 4.1 Guitar.wav 68
4 Table 4.2 Jhankar.wav 69
4 Table 4.3 Mohabatten.wav 70
4 Table 4.4 Pahalanasha.wav 70
4 Table 4.5 Mean Opinion Score MOS
72
 LIST OF FIGURES

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1 Figure 1.1: Categories of Steganography 6

2 Figure 2.1: Microsoft RIFF File Format 23
2 Figure 2.2: Encoding Message HEY in 16 bit CD Quality
Audio steganography at LSB 31
2 Figure 2.3: Sampling of the size wave followed by
Quantization Process 32
2 Figure 2.4: Hiding 1 bit of image in 16 bit quantized audio
sample 33
2 Figure 2.5: Hiding 4 bit of Image in 16 bit Quantized audio signal 33
2 Figure 2.6 : Illustrated the original signal and encoded signal
of phase coding Technique. 39
 LIST OF SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS

S.No. Symbol/ Abbreviations Description

1. LSB Least Significant Bit

2. SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
3. MP Multimedia Player
4. TIFF Tagged Image File Format
5. GIF Graphic Interchange Format
6. HVS Human Visual System
7. PCM Pulse Code modulation
8. DFT Discrete Fourier Transform
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Since the rise of the Internet, one of the most important factors of information
technology and communication has been the security of information. Cryptography was created
as a technique for securing the secrecy of communication and many different methods have been
developed to encrypt and decrypt data in order to keep the message secret. Unfortunately it is
sometimes not enough to keep the contents of a message secret, it may also be necessary to keep
the existence of the message secret. The technique used to implement this, is called
Steganography.
Steganography is the art and science of invisible communication. This is
accomplished through hiding information in other information, thus hiding the existence of the
communicated information. The word steganography is derived from the Greek words “stegos”
meaning “cover” and “grafia” meaning “writing” defining it as “covered writing”. In image
steganography the information is hidden exclusively in images. The idea and practice of hiding
information has a long history. In Histories the Greek historian Herodotus writes of a nobleman,
Histaeus, who needed to communicate with his son-in-law in Greece.
well-known channels greatly reduces the risk of information being leaked in transit. Hiding
information in a photograph of the company picnic is less suspicious than communicating an
encrypted file.

1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STEGANOGRAPHY PROCESS

Although steganography is an ancient subject, the modern formulation of it is often

given in terms of the prisoner’s problem proposed by Simmons, where two inmates wish to
communicate in secret to hatch an escape plan. All of their communication passes through a
warden who will throw them in solitary confinement should she suspect any covert
communication.
 Steganography

Text Images Audio/ Video Protocol

Fig 1.1 Categories of Steganography