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Reproductive System Notes

The male reproductive system produces sperm and hormones. It includes internal organs like the testes, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles, as well as external organs like the penis and scrotum. The female reproductive system produces eggs and receives sperm. Its organs are the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, and cervix. The menstrual cycle occurs roughly every 28 days, beginning with menstruation and including ovulation where an egg is released to be potentially fertilized.

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73 views2 pages

Reproductive System Notes

The male reproductive system produces sperm and hormones. It includes internal organs like the testes, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles, as well as external organs like the penis and scrotum. The female reproductive system produces eggs and receives sperm. Its organs are the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, and cervix. The menstrual cycle occurs roughly every 28 days, beginning with menstruation and including ovulation where an egg is released to be potentially fertilized.

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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Glands

A. Seminal vesicle- Secretes a fluid that makes up most of the


Organs of the Male Reproductive System components of the semen.
B. Prostate glands- Secretes a slightly alkaline milky fluid that is
 Penis discharge as part of the semen.
 Urethra C. Bulbourethral gland- Secretes a thick and clear mucus that
 Vas Deferens lubricates and neutralizes the any trace of acidic urine in the urethra.
 Scrotum
 Testes The female reproductive system has the following functions:
 Bladder* 1. Produces female sex cells.
*Not a part of the 2. Receives sperm cells from the male.
reproductive system 3. Nurtures the development of and provides nourishment for the
new individual.

External Organs of the Male Reproductive System: Organs of the Female Reproductive System
Penis: the external reproductive organ, urethra passes through the
penis and allows urine and semen to exit the body.
Scrotum: a sac or pouch which holds the testes.  Vagina
●The function of the scrotum is to maintain the proper  Cervix
temperature of the testes.  Uterus
●Sperm is destroyed unless a temperature of 97o is  Fallopian Tubes
maintained.  Ovary
Internal Organs of the Male Reproductive System
Bladder*: holds urine prior to urination. Urine leaves the bladder via
the urethra. Organs of the Female Reproductive System
Urethra: a tube which allows urine and semen to exit the body. Vagina: also called the birth canal, a tube leading from the uterus to
Connects to the bladder the outside of the body.
Cervix: the lower portion of the uterus; where the vagina and uterus
Vas deferens: a tube which connects the testes to the urethra and
meet.
allows semen to exit the body. Uterus: a hollow, fist-sized organ located between the bladder and
Testes: two glands which produce sperm and hormones rectum.
(testosterone) Fallopian Tubes: also called oviducts; are two tubes connecting the
uterus with the ovaries.
Ovaries: small organs on the ends of the Fallopian tubes responsible
for the production and release of eggs (ova-pl).
•Females are born with all of the eggs they will ever produce.
•Ovaries alternate the release of eggs each month.
•Like testes, the ovaries produce hormones-estrogen.
•This release of the ova is called ovulation.

The Menstrual Cycle


●The menstrual cycle typically lasts 28 days; approximately 1 month.
•One cycle is the amount of time from the beginning of one
period to the beginning of the next period.
●The beginning of a period is marked by the release of the blood and
lining from the inside of the uterus.
•This flow of blood typically lasts 3-7 days and is called
menstruation.
●After menstruation, the ovaries release hormones that tell the
uterus to grow a new lining and prepare to receive a new egg.
●As the uterus prepares a new lining, one of the ovaries releases an
egg. This is called ovulation.
•Ovulation occurs about halfway through a woman’s cycle.
●The egg travels through the Fallopian tube. If it is not fertilized it
breaks down and is released with the lining and blood of the uterus.

The Menstrual Cycle and Fertilization


●If the egg is fertilized by a sperm cell, the egg will implant in the
lining of the uterus and begin to develop.

•Zygote: The first cells of a new organism; the time from


fertilization to implantation.
•Embryo: The zygote is called an embryo from implantation
to 8 weeks.
•Fetus: After 8 weeks of development, the embryo is known
as a fetus.

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