ENEE475

Digital Image Processing

Dr. Hani Almansouri
1/6/2020

Dr. Hani Almansouri 1

 Instructor Summary
• Purdue University: Bachelor (2010), Masters (2013), PhD (2018)
• Area: Computational imaging and deep learning.
• Google scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wUGQwgUAAAAJ&hl=en
• Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hani-almansouri
• PhD thesis: Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction and Direct Deep
Learning for One-Sided Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Evaluation
• https://hammer.figshare.com/articles/Model-
Based_Iterative_Reconstruction_and_Direct_Deep_Learning_for_One-
Sided_Ultrasonic_Non-Destructive_Evaluation/7408829/files/13751492.pdf

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Outline
• Course Logistics.
• Introduction to digital image processing.
• What is Digital Image Processing?
• The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• Components of an Image Processing System.
• Matlab, Python, and Latex workshop.

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Course Logistics

• See syllabus.
• Matlab, Python, and Latex?
• What OS?
• Language.
• Asking questions.
• Correction.
• Summer semester is short.

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1.1 What is Digital Image Processing (DIP)?
• A digital image is a two dimensional function
• and are spatial coordinate
• The amplitude of is called the intensity or
grey level
• Each element in a digital image is called a pixel.
• DIP is processing digital images using digital
computers.

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1.1 What is Digital Image Processing (DIP)?
• Types of digital image processing:
• image → image
• Image → not an image (e.g. attribute of an image or)
• Not an image (e.g. 1D signal) → image

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1.1 What is Digital Image Processing (DIP)?
• Digital Image processing vs. computer vision

Image processing Computer vision

• Improving • Segmentation • Understanding
the Image • Classification the Image

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1.1 What is Digital Image Processing (DIP)?
• Digital Image processing
• Example:

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1.2 The Origins of Digital Image Processing.

• News paper industry (1921)

• London to New York
• 5 intensity levels

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1.2 The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 15 intensity levels

• The first image used in digital image

processing (1964).
• Image of the moon taken by the space
probe Ranger 7

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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing.

• The principle energy source for images is

electromagnetic energy.
• Other sources are sound and electron beams.
• Other kind of imaging is synthetic imaging.

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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing.

• Gamma-Ray imaging
• Nuclear medicine
• Injecting patient with radioactive isotope that emits
gamma rays to locate infections or tumors.
• Positron emission tomography PET
• Injecting patient with radioactive isotope that emits
positrons.
• Positrons meets electrons and are annihilated
producing two gamma rays.
• Astronomical observations

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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing.

• X-Ray imaging
• X-ray
• Placing the patient between an X-ray source and a film
sensitive to x-ray.
• Angiography
• X-ray contrast medium in injected in the patient to
obtain images of blood vessels.
• Computerized axial tomography (CAT)
• Better resolution
• 3-D capabaility
• Astronomy
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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing.

• Imaging in the ultraviolet band

• Industrial inspection
• Microscopy
• Fluorescence phenomenon
• Biological imaging
• Astronomy

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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing.

• Imaging in the visible and infrared

bands
• Imaging in the visible band is the
most familiar type of imaging.
• Light microscopy
• Astronomy
• Industry
• Remote sensing

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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing.

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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing.

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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing.

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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing.

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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing.

• Microwave imaging
• Radar
• Uses antenna
• Sends signal and receives reflected
signal.
• Ability to collect data over virtually any
region at any time, regardless of
weather or ambient lighting
conditions.
• Penetrate clouds, vegetation, ice and
dry sand.

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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing. The neutron star Crab Pulsar

• Radio imaging
• Medicine
• Astronomy
• MRI
• Patient is placed in a powerful magnet
• Radio waves pulses are transmitted
though the body
• Responding pulses from the body is
received.
• Two dimensional image is produced.
• Images can be produced in any plane
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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing.

• Imaging using sound

• Geological exploration
• Industry
• Inspection of concrete structures
• Medicine
• Obstetrics

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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing.

• Imaging using sound

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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing.

• Electron microscopy
• Focused beam of electrons
• Magnification of 10,000 x or more.

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1.3 Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image
Processing.

• Images generated by computer

• Not obtained from physical objects.
• Fractal
• 3-D modeling
• Flight simulator
• medical training
• Criminal forensics

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 1.4 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image
Processing.
• Image enhancement
• Manipulating the image to be more suitable
for specific application
• Example: sharpening or blurring.
• Subjective
• Image restoration
• Repairing the image
• Example: reducing noise or scratches
• Objective
• Color image processing
• Compression
• Segmentation
• Classification

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workshop
• Matlab:
• Applying a low pass filter on an image

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workshop
• Python:
• Installing WSL and python
• Train a neural network
• Install WSL: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10
• Install Ubuntu 20.04
• Download xming for windows: https://sourceforge.net/projects/xming/

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workshop
• Python:
• sudo apt update
• sudo apt upgrade
• sudo apt install python3-pip
• sudo apt-get install python3-tk
• pip3 install numpy scipy matplotlib opencv-python gym torch torchvision
• vim ~/.bashrc
• Copy and Paste this at the end of the file: export DISPLAY=:0

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workshop
• Latex:
• Install Latex:
• First, install MikTex: https://www.latex-project.org/get/
• Second, install TexStudio: https://www.texstudio.org/
• Third, Install SumatraPDF: https://www.sumatrapdfreader.org/download-free-pdf-
viewer.html
• Example in Latex
• Use the lstlisting package when inserting a code in latex.
• When saving images, always use png format (lossless).
• Always save figures from matlab and python as png with dpi 300.

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