Robles, Gladysdhel S.

July 02, 2019

BBTLED-ICT 2-1 Intro to ICT Specialization 1

History of Computer

Period Name of the Computer Features of the Computer

Pre-Mechanical Period Abacus
(4,000 years ago) Abacus was believed to be the first
computer. It was a wooden rack which has
metal rods with beads mounted on them. The
beads were moved by the abacus operator
according to some rules to perform arithmetic
calculations.

Mechanical Period Napier’s Bones

(1550-1617) It was a manually-operated calculating
device which was invented by John Napier of
Merchiston. In this calculating tool, he used 9
different ivory strips or bones marked with
numbers to multiply and divide. It was also the
first machine to use the decimal point.

Mechanical Period Pascaline

(1642-1644) It also known as Arithmetic Machine or
Adding Machine. It was invented by a French
mathematician-philosopher Blaise Pascal. It
was a wooden with series with a series of gears
and wheels. When a wheel is rotated one
revolution, it rotates the neighbouring wheel.

Mechanical Period Stepped Reckoner or

(1673) Leibnitz Wheel
It was developed by a German
mathematician philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibnitz. It was a digital mechanical calculator
which was called the stepped reckoner as
instead of gears it was made of fluted drums.

Mechanical Period Difference Engine

(1820)
It was designed by Charles Babbage. It
was a mechanical computer which could
perform simple calculations. It was a steam
driven calculating machine designed to solve
tables of numbers like logarithm tables.
 Mechanical Period Analytical Engine
(1830) This calculating device was also
developed by Charles Babbage. It was a
mechanical computer that used punch-cards as
input. It was capable of solving any
mathematical problem and storing information
as a permanent memory.

Electromechanical Period Tabulating Machine

(1890) It was invented by Herman Hollerith, an
American statistician. It was a mechanical
tabulator based on punch cards. It could
tabulate statistics and record or sort data or
information. This machine was used in 1890
U.S. census.
Electromechanical Period Differential Analyzer
(1930) It was the first electronic computer
introduced in the United States. It was an
analog device invented by Vannevar Bush. This
machine has vacuum tubes to switch electrical
signals to perform calculations. It could do 25
calculations in few minutes.

Electromechanical Period Mark 1

(1944)
Howard Aiken planned to develop a
machine that could perform calculations
involving large numbers. It was the first
programmable digital computer.

Electronic Period
First Generation Computers ENIAC
(1946-1959) (Electronic
Numerical The computers were slow, huge and
Integrator expensive. In these computers, vacuum tubes
And were used as the basic components of CPU and
Computer) memory.

EDVAC These computers were mainly depended on

(Electronic batch operating system and punch cards.
Discrete Magnetic tape and paper tape were used as
Variable output and input devices in this generation.
Automatic
Computer)
 UNIVACI
(Universal
Automatic
Computer)

IBM-701

IBM-650

Electronic Period
Second Generation Computers
(1946-1959) IBM
1620

This generation was the era of the

transistor computers. These computers used
transistors which were cheap, compact, and
IBM
consuming less power, it made transistor
7094
computers faster than the first generation
computers.

CDC
In this generation, magnetic cores were
1604
used as the primary memory and magnetic disc
and tapes were used as the secondary storage.
Assembly language and programming
languages like COBOL and FORTRAN, and
Batch processing and multiprogramming
CDC
operating were used in these computers.
3600

UNIVAC
1108
 Electronic Period
Third Generation Computers
(1965-1971) IBM-360
series

The third generation computers used

Honeywell integrated circuits (ICs) instead of transistors.
-6000 A single IC can pack huge number of
series transistors which increased the power of a
computer and reduced the cost. The computer
also became more reliable, efficient and smaller
PDP in size.
(Personal
Data
Processor) These generation on computers used
remote processing, time-sharing, multi-
programming as operating system. Also, the
IBM- high-level programming languages like
370/168 FORTRON-II To IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1,
ALGOL-68 were used in this generation.

TDC-316

Electronic Period
Fourth Generation Computers
(1971-1980) DEC-10
The fourth generation computers used a
very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits; a
chip containing millions of transistors and other
STAR circuit elements. These chips made this
1000 generation computers more compact, powerful,
fast and affordable.

PDP 11
CRAY-1 These generation computers used real time,
(Super time-sharing and distributed operating system.
Computer) The programming languages like C, C++,
DBASE were also used in this generation.

CRAY-
X-MP
(Super
Computer)
 Electronic Period
Fifth Generation Computers
(1980-till date) Desktop

In fifth generation computers, the VLSI

technology was replaced with ULSI (Ultra
Laptop Large Scale Integration). It made possible the
production microprocessors chips with ten
million electronic components.

NoteBook
This generation computers used parallel
processing hardware and AI (Artificial
Intelligence) software. The programming
Ultra languages used in this generation were C, C++,
Book Java, .Net, etc.

Chrome
Book