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Polynomial Class 9 Notes - Chapter 2

This document provides information about polynomials for class 9 students. It defines what a polynomial is, the different types of polynomials based on degree, and examples. It also provides class 9 notes on key topics in polynomials like zeros of polynomials, remainder theorem, and factorisation. Examples and important questions are given to help students understand the concepts.

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vaibhav maurya
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407 views3 pages

Polynomial Class 9 Notes - Chapter 2

This document provides information about polynomials for class 9 students. It defines what a polynomial is, the different types of polynomials based on degree, and examples. It also provides class 9 notes on key topics in polynomials like zeros of polynomials, remainder theorem, and factorisation. Examples and important questions are given to help students understand the concepts.

Uploaded by

vaibhav maurya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Polynomial comes from the word “poly” which means “many” and the word “nomial” which means

“term”. In maths, a polynomial expression consists of variables which are also known as
indeterminates and coefficients. The coefficients involve the operations of subtraction, addition, non-
negative integer exponents of variables and multiplication. A detailed polynomials Class 9
notes are provided here along with some important questions so that students can understand the
concept in an easy manner.

Polynomials Class 9 Topics


The topics and subtopics covered in class 9 polynomials chapter 2 include:

 Introduction
 Polynomials in One Variable
 Zeros of Polynomials
 Remainder Theorem
 Factorisation of Polynomials
 Algebraic Identities

Polynomial Definition
Polynomials are expressions with one or more terms with a non-zero coefficient. A polynomial can
have more than one number of terms. In the polynomial, each expression in it is called
a term.  Suppose x2 + 5x+2 is polynomial, then the expressions x2, 5x, and 2 are the terms of the
polynomial.  Each term of the polynomial has a coefficient. For example, if 2x+1 is the polynomial,
then the coefficient of x is 2.
The real numbers can also be expressed as polynomials. Like 3, 6, 7, are also polynomials without
any variables. These are called constant polynomials.  The constant polynomial 0 is called zero
polynomials. The exponent of the polynomial should be a whole number. For example,  x-2 + 5x+2,
cannot be considered as a polynomial, since the exponent of x is -2, which is not a whole number.
The highest power of the polynomial is called the degree of the polynomial. For example, in x3 +
y3 + 3xy(x + y), the degree of the polynomial is 3. For a non zero constant polynomial, the degree is
zero. Apart from these, there are other types of polynomials such as:

 Linear polynomial – of degree one


 Quadratic Polynomial- of degree two
 Cubic Polynomial – of degree three
This topic has been widely discussed in class 9 and class 10.
Example of polynomials are:

 20
 x+y
 7a + b + 8
 w+x+y+z
 x2 + x + 1
Quadratic Equation Algebraic Identities

Quadratic Formula & Quadratic Polynomial Degree Of A Polynomial

Polynomials in One Variable


Polynomials in one variable are the expressions which consist of only one type of variable in the
entire expression.
Example of polynomials in one variable:

 3a
 2x2 + 5x + 15

Polynomial Class 9 Notes


To prepare for class 9 exams, students will require notes to study. These notes are of great help
when they have to do revision for chapter 2 polynomials before the exam. The note here provides a
brief of the chapter so that students find it easy to have a glance at once. The key points covered in
the chapter have been noted. Go through the points and solve problems based on them.
Some important points in Polynomials Class 9 Chapter 2 are given below:

 An algebraic expression p(x) = a0xn + a1xn-1 + a2xn-2 + … an is a polynomial where a0, a1, ……….
an are real numbers and n is non-negative integer.
 A term is either a variable or a single number or it can be a combination of variable and
numbers.
 The degree of the polynomial is the highest power of the variable in a polynomial.
 A polynomial of degree 1 is called as a linear polynomial.
 A polynomial of degree 2 is called a quadratic polynomial.
 A polynomial of degree 3 is called a cubic polynomial.
 A polynomial of 1 term is called a monomial.
 A polynomial of 2 terms is called binomial.
 A polynomial of 3 terms is called a trinomial.
 A real number ‘a’ is a zero of a polynomial p(x) if p(a) = 0, where a is also known as root of
the equation p(x) = 0.
 A linear polynomial in one variable has a unique zero, a polynomial of a non-zero constant
has no zero, and each real number is a zero of the zero polynomial.
 Remainder Theorem: If p(x) is any polynomial having degree greater than or equal to 1 and
if it is divided by the linear polynomial x – a, then the remainder is p(a).
 Factor Theorem : x – c is a factor of the polynomial p(x), if p(c) = 0. Also, if x – c is a factor
of p(x), then p(c) = 0.
 The degree of the zero polynomial is not defined.
 (x + y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx
 (x + y)3 = x3 + y3 + 3xy(x + y)
 (x – y)3 = x3 – y3 – 3xy(x – y)
 x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz = (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx)

Polynomials Class 9 Examples


Example 1:
Write the coefficients of x  in each of the following:

 3x+1
 23x2 -5x + 1
Solution:
In first case, 3x+1. the coefficients of x is 3.
In the second case, the coefficients of x is -5.
Example 2:
What are the degrees of following polynomials?

1. 3a2 + a – 1
2. 32x3 + x – 1

Solution: 

1. 3a2 + a – 1 : The degree is 2


2. 32x3 + x – 1 : The degree is 3

Polynomials Class 9 Important Questions


1. Find value of polynomial 2x2 + 5x + 1 at x = 3.
2. Check whether at x = -1/6 is zero of the polynomial p(a) = 6a + 1.
3. Divide 3a2 + x – 1 by a + 1.
4. Find value of k, if (a – 1) is factor of p(a) = ka2 – 3a + k.
5. Factorise each of the following:

o 4x2 + 9y2 + 16z2 + 12xy – 24yx – 16xz


o 2x2 + y2 + 8z2 – 2√2xy + 4√2yz – 8xz

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