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Fuzzy Logic Tutorial: What is, Application & Example

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Last Updated: 21 May 2020

What Is Fuzzy Logic?

The term fuzzy mean things which are not very clear or vague. In real life, we may come
across a situation where we can't decide whether the statement is true or false. At that time,
fuzzy logic offers very valuable flexibility for reasoning. We can also consider the
uncertainties of any situation.

Fuzzy logic algorithm helps to solve a problem after considering all available data. Then it
takes the best possible decision for the given the input. The FL method imitates the way of
decision making in a human which consider all the possibilities between digital values T and
F.

In this tutorial, you will learn

What Is Fuzzy Logic?

History of Fuzzy Logic

Characteristics of Fuzzy Logic

When not to use fuzzy logic

Fuzzy Logic Architecture

Fuzzy Logic vs. Probability

Crisp vs. Fuzzy

Classical Set vs. Fuzzy set Theory

Fuzzy Logic Examples

Application Areas of Fuzzy Logic

Advantages of Fuzzy Logic System

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Disadvantages of Fuzzy Logic Systems

History of Fuzzy Logic

Although, the concept of fuzzy logic had been studied since the 1920's. The term fuzzy logic
was first used with 1965 by Lotfi Zadeh a professor of UC Berkeley in California. He
observed that conventional computer logic was not capable of manipulating data representing
subjective or unclear human ideas.

Fuzzy logic has been applied to various fields, from control theory to AI. It was designed to
allow the computer to determine the distinctions among data which is neither true nor false.
Something similar to the process of human reasoning. Like Little dark, Some brightness, etc.

Characteristics of Fuzzy Logic

Here, are some important characteristics of fuzzy logic:

Flexible and easy to implement machine learning technique

Helps you to mimic the logic of human thought

Logic may have two values which represent two possible solutions

Highly suitable method for uncertain or approximate reasoning

Fuzzy logic views inference as a process of propagating elastic constraints

Fuzzy logic allows you to build nonlinear functions of arbitrary complexity.

Fuzzy logic should be built with the complete guidance of experts

When not to use fuzzy logic

However, fuzzy logic is never a cure for all. Therefore, it is equally important to understand
that where we should not use fuzzy logic.

Here, are certain situations when you better not use Fuzzy Logic:

If you don't find it convenient to map an input space to an output space

Fuzzy logic should not be used when you can use common sense

Many controllers can do the fine job without the use of fuzzy logic

Fuzzy Logic Architecture

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Fuzzy Logic architecture has four main parts as shown in the diagram:

Rule Base:

It contains all the rules and the if-then conditions offered by the experts to control the
decision-making system. The recent update in fuzzy theory provides various methods for the
design and tuning of fuzzy controllers. This updates significantly reduce the number of the
fuzzy set of rules.

Fuzzification:

Fuzzification step helps to convert inputs. It allows you to convert, crisp numbers into fuzzy
sets. Crisp inputs measured by sensors and passed into the control system for further
processing. Like Room temperature, pressure, etc.

Inference Engine:

It helps you to determines the degree of match between fuzzy input and the rules. Based on the
% match, it determines which rules need implment according to the given input field. After
this, the applied rules are combined to develop the control actions.

Defuzzification:

At last the Defuzzification process is performed to convert the fuzzy sets into a crisp value.
There are many types of techniques available, so you need to select it which is best suited
when it is used with an expert system.

Fuzzy Logic vs. Probability

Fuzzy Logic Probability

Fuzzy: Tom's degree of membership within the set of Probability: There is a 90%
old people is 0.90. chance that Tom is old.

Fuzzy logic takes truth degrees as a mathematical basis Probability is a mathematical

on the model of the vagueness phenomenon. model of ignorance.

Crisp vs. Fuzzy

Crisp Fuzzy

It has strict boundary T or F Fuzzy boundary with a degree of

membership

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Some crisp time set can be fuzzy It can't be crisp

True/False {0,1} Membership values on [0,1]

In Crisp logic law of Excluded Middle and In the fuzzy logic law of Excluded
Non- Contradiction may or may not hold Middle and Non- Contradiction hold

Classical Set vs. Fuzzy set Theory

Classical Set Fuzzy Set Theory

Classes of objects with sharp boundaries. Classes of objects do not have sharp
boundaries.

A classical set is defined by crisp A fuzzy set always has ambiguous

boundaries, i.e., there is clarity about the boundaries, i.e., there may be uncertainty
location of the set boundaries. about the location of the set boundaries.

Widely used in digital system design Used only in fuzzy controllers.

Fuzzy Logic Examples

See the below-given diagram. It shows that in fuzzy systems, the values are denoted by a 0 to
1 number. In this example, 1.0 means absolute truth and 0.0 means absolute falseness.

Application Areas of Fuzzy Logic

The Blow given table shows how famous companies using fuzzy logic in their products.

Product Company Fuzzy Logic

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Anti-lock Nissan Use fuzzy logic to controls brakes in hazardous

brakes cases depend on car speed, acceleration, wheel
speed, and acceleration

Auto NOK/Nissan Fuzzy logic is used to control the fuel injection

transmission and ignition based on throttle setting, cooling
water temperature, RPM, etc.

Auto engine Honda, Nissan Use to select geat based on engine load, driving
style, and road conditions.

Copy machine Canon Using for adjusting drum voltage based on picture
density, humidity, and temperature.

Cruise control Nissan, Isuzu, Use it to adjusts throttle setting to set car speed
Mitsubishi and acceleration

Dishwasher Matsushita Use for adjusting the cleaning cycle, rinse and
wash strategies based depend upon the number of
dishes and the amount of food served on the
dishes.

Elevator Fujitec, Mitsubishi Use it to reduce waiting for time-based on

control Electric, Toshiba passenger traffic

Golf diagnostic Maruman Golf Selects golf club based on golfer's swing and
system physique.

Fitness Omron Fuzzy rules implied by them to check the fitness

management of their employees.

Kiln control Nippon Steel Mixes cement

Microwave Mitsubishi Sets lunes power and cooking strategy

oven Chemical

Palmtop Hitachi, Sharp, Recognizes handwritten Kanji characters

computer Sanyo, Toshiba

Plasma etching Mitsubishi Electric Sets etch time and strategy

Advantages of Fuzzy Logic System

The structure of Fuzzy Logic Systems is easy and understandable

Fuzzy logic is widely used for commercial and practical purposes

It helps you to control machines and consumer products

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It may not offer accurate reasoning, but the only acceptable reasoning

It helps you to deal with the uncertainty in engineering

Mostly robust as no precise inputs required

It can be programmed to in the situation when feedback sensor stops working

It can easily be modified to improve or alter system performance

inexpensive sensors can be used which helps you to keep the overall system cost and
complexity low

It provides a most effective solution to complex issues

Disadvantages of Fuzzy Logic Systems

Fuzzy logic is not always accurate, so The results are perceived based on assumption, so it
may not be widely accepted.

Fuzzy systems don't have the capability of machine learning as-well-as neural network type
pattern recognition

Validation and Verification of a fuzzy knowledge-based system needs extensive testing with
hardware

Setting exact, fuzzy rules and, membership functions is a difficult task

Some fuzzy time logic is confused with probability theory and the terms

Summary

The term fuzzy mean things which are not very clear or vague

The term fuzzy logic was first used with 1965 by Lotfi Zadeh a professor of UC Berkeley in
California

Fuzzy logic is a flexible and easy to implement machine learning technique

Fuzzy logic should not be used when you can use common sense

Fuzzy Logic architecture has four main parts 1) Rule Basse 2) Fuzzification 3) Inference
Engine 4) Defuzzification

Fuzzy logic takes truth degrees as a mathematical basis on the model of the vagueness while
probability is a mathematical model of ignorance

Crisp set has strict boundary T or F while Fuzzy boundary with a degree of membership

A classical set is widely used in digital system design while fuzzy set Used only in fuzzy
controllers

Auto transmission, Fitness management, Golf diagnostic system, Dishwasher, Copy machine

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are some applications areas of fuzzy logic

Fuzzy logic helps you to control machines and consumer products

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