Shear and Moment PDF

Chapter 04
Shear & Moment in

Beams
DEFINITION OF A BEAM
Copyright © 2011 Mathalino.com A beam is a bar subject to forces or couples that lie in
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According to determinacy, a beam may be
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free contents. Thank you for your STATICALLY DETERMINATE BEAMS
support.
Statically determinate beams are those beams in
which the reactions of the supports may be
determined by the use of the equations of static
equilibrium. The beams shown below are examples
of statically determinate beams.
P
Load
Cantilever Beam
P
M
Simple Beam
w (N/m) P
Overhanging Beam
166 Shear and Moment Equations and Diagrams; Relation between
www.mathalino.com Load, Shear, and Moment; Moving Loads
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE BEAMS

If the number of reactions exerted upon a beam
exceeds the number of equations in static equilibrium,
the beam is said to be statically indeterminate. In
order to solve the reactions of the beam, the static
equations must be supplemented by equations based
upon the elastic deformations of the beam.
The degree of indeterminacy is taken as the difference

between the umber of reactions to the number of
equations in static equilibrium that can be applied. In
the case of the propped beam shown, there are three
reactions R1, R2, and M and only two equations (ΣM =
0 and ΣFv = 0) can be applied, thus the beam is
indeterminate to the first degree (3 – 2 = 1).
P w (N/m)
Propped Beam M
R1 R2
w2 (N/m)
Fixed or Restrained Beam
P1 P2
w2 (N/m) M
w1 (N/m)
Continuous Beam
Chapter 04 167
Shear and Moment in Beams www.mathalino.com
TYPES OF LOADING
Loads applied to the beam may consist of a
concentrated load (load applied at a point), uniform
load, uniformly varying load, or an applied couple or
moment. These loads are shown in the following
figures.
w (N/m)
P1 P2
Concentrated Loads Uniform Load
w (N/m)
M
Uniformly Varying Load Applied Couple
SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAM
Consider a simple beam shown of length L that

carries a uniform load of w (N/m) throughout its
length and is held in equilibrium by reactions R1 and
R2. Assume that
x w (N/m)
the beam is cut at
point C a distance
of x from he left A B
C L
support and the
portion of the R1
R2
beam to the right x
of C be removed. w (N/m)
The portion
removed must A M
then be replaced C
by vertical V
shearing force V R1
together with a couple M to hold the left portion of

the bar in equilibrium under the action of R1 and wx.
The couple M is called the resisting moment or

moment and the force V is called the resisting shear
or shear. The sign of V and M are taken to be positive
if they have the senses indicated above.
SOLVED PROBLEMS
INSTRUCTION: Write shear and moment equations for the beams in

the following problems. In each problem, let x be the
distance measured from left end of the beam. Also,
draw shear and moment diagrams, specifying values
at all change of loading positions and at points of zero
shear. Neglect the mass of the beam in each problem.
Problem 403. Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-403.

30 kN 50 kN
B C D
A
1m 3m 2m
Figure P-403
Solution 403. From the load diagram:

∑MB = 0
5RD + 1(30) = 3(50)
RD = 24 kN
∑MD = 0
5RB = 2(50) + 6(30)
RB = 56 kN
30 kN
Segment AB:
VAB = –30 kN A
MAB = –30x kN⋅m x
Chapter 04 169
Segment BC: 30 kN
x
VBC = –30 + 56
B
VBC = 26 kN A
MBC = –30x + 56(x – 1)
MBC = 26x – 56 kN⋅m
1m
x RB = 56 kN
Segment CD:
30 kN 50 kN
VCD = –30 + 56 – 50
B C
A VCD = –24 kN
MCD = –30x + 56(x – 1) – 50(x – 4)
1m 3m MCD = –30x + 56x – 56 – 50x + 200
RB = 56 kN MCD = –24x + 144
30 kN 50 kN
To draw the Shear Diagram:
(1) In segment AB, the shear is
B C D
Load A uniformly distributed over the
Diagram segment at a magnitude of –30
kN.
(2) In segment BC, the shear is
1m 3m 2m uniformly distributed at a
RB = 56 kN RB = 24 kN magnitude of 26 kN.
(3) In segment CD, the shear is
26 kN uniformly distributed at a
magnitude of –24 kN.
Shear
Diagram To draw the Moment Diagram:
(1) The equation MAB = –30x is
–30 kN –24 kN
linear, at x = 0, MAB = 0 and at
x = 1 m, MAB = –30 kN⋅m.
56 kN⋅m (2) MBC = 26x – 56 is also linear.
At x = 1 m, MBC = –30 kN⋅m; at
1.154 m x = 4 m, MBC = 48 kN⋅m. When
Moment MBC = 0, x = 2.154 m, thus the
Diagram moment is zero at 1.154 m
from B.
(3) MCD = –24x + 144 is again
–30 kN⋅m linear. At x = 4 m, MCD = 48
kN⋅m; at x = 6 m, MCD = 0.
2000 lb
M = 4800 lb⋅ft
Figure P-404
B C
A D
RA 3 ft 6 ft 3 ft RD
Solution 404. ∑MA = 0 ∑MD = 0

12RD + 4800 = 3(2000) 12RA = 9(2000) + 4800
RD = 100 lb RA = 1900 lb
Segment AB: A
x
VAB = 1900 lb
MAB = 1900x lb⋅ft RA = 1900 lb
Segment BC: 3 ft 2000 lb

VBC = 1900 – 2000 B
VBC = –100 lb A
MBC = 1900x – 2000(x – 3)

x
MBC = 1900x – 2000x + 6000
RA = 1900 lb
MBC = –100x + 6000
2000 lb Segment CD:

3 ft 6 ft VCD = 1900 – 2000
B C
A VCD = –100 lb
M = 4800 lb⋅ft MCD = 1900x – 2000(x – 3) – 4800
x
RA = 1900 lb MCD = 1900x – 2000x + 6000 – 4800
MCD = –100x + 1200
2000 lb M = 4800 lb⋅ft

B C To draw the Shear Diagram:
A D
Load (1) At segment AB, the shear is
3 ft 6 ft 3 ft Diagram uniformly distributed at 1900 lb.
RA = 1900 lb RD = 100 lb (2) A shear of –100 lb is uniformly
distributed over segments BC
1900 lb and CD.
To draw the Moment Diagram:

Shear (1) MAB = 1900x is linear; at x = 0,
Diagram MAB = 0; at x = 3 ft, MAB = 5700
lb⋅ft.
–100 lb (2) For segment BC, MBC = –100x +
6000 is linear; at x = 3 ft, MBC =
5700 lb⋅ft; at x = 9 ft, MBC =
5700 lb⋅ft 5100 lb⋅ft.
(3) MCD = –100x + 1200 is again
5100 lb⋅ft
Moment linear; at x = 9 ft, MCD = 300
300 lb⋅ft Diagram lb⋅ft; at x = 12 ft, MCD = 0.
Chapter 04 171
80 kN
Figure P-405
10 kN/m
A C
B
2m 8m
RA RC
Solution 405. ∑MA = 0 ∑MC = 0

10RC = 2(80) + 5[10(10)] 10RA = 8(80) + 5[10(10)]
RC = 66 kN RA = 114 kN
10 kN/m
A Segment AB:
x VAB = 114 – 10x kN
RA = 114 kN
MAB = 114x – 10x(x/2)
MAB = 114x – 5x2 kN⋅m 80 kN
Segment BC: 2m
B 10 kN/m
VBC = 114 – 80 – 10x
VBC = 34 – 10x kN A
MBC = 114x – 80(x – 2) – 10x(x/2)
x
MBC = 160 + 34x – 5x2
80 kN RA = 114 kN
10 kN/m
Load (1) For segment AB, VAB = 114 – 10x
A
Diagram is linear; at x = 0, VAB = 14 kN; at
B C
2m 8m x = 2 m, VAB = 94 kN.
(2) VBC = 34 – 10x for segment BC is
RA = 114 kN RC = 66 kN
linear; at x = 2 m, VBC = 14 kN; at
x = 10 m, VBC = –66 kN. When VBC
114 kN = 0, x = 3.4 m thus VBC = 0 at 1.4
94 kN m from B.
14 kN
(1) MAB = 114x – 5x2 is a second
degree curve for segment AB; at x
Shear
1.4 m = 0, MAB = 0; at x = 2 m, MAB =
Diagram
208 kN⋅m.
–66 kN (2) The moment diagram is also a
217.8 kN⋅m second degree curve for segment
BC given by MBC = 160 + 34x –
208 kN⋅m 5x2; at x = 2 m, MBC = 208 kN⋅m;
at x = 10 m, MBC = 0.
Moment (3) Note that the maximum moment
Diagram occurs at point of zero shear.
Thus, at x = 3.4 m, MBC = 217.8
kN⋅m.

900 lb 400 lb
Figure P-406
60 lb/ft
A D
B C
4 ft 8 ft 6 ft
RA RC
Solution 406. ∑MA = 0

12RC = 4(900) + 18(400) + 9[(60)(18)]
RC = 1710 lb
∑MC = 0
12RA + 6(400) = 8(900) + 3[60(18)]
RA = 670 lb
Segment AB: 60 lb/ft
VAB = 670 – 60x lb A

MAB = 670x – 60x(x/2)
x
MAB = 670x – 30x2 lb⋅ft
900 lb RA = 670 lb
4 ft
60 lb/ft Segment BC:
VBC = 670 – 900 – 60x
A
VBC = –230 – 60x lb
x MBC = 670x – 900(x – 4) – 60x(x/2)
RA = 670 lb MBC = 3600 – 230x – 30x2 lb⋅ft
x Segment CD:
900 lb VCD = 670 + 1710 – 900 – 60x
60 lb/ft VCD = 1480 – 60x lb
MCD = 670x + 1710(x – 12)
A
B C – 900(x – 4) – 60x(x/2)
4 ft 8 ft MCD = –16920 + 1480x – 30x2 lb⋅ft
RA = 670 lb RC = 1710 lb
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Chapter 04 173
900 lb 400 lb To draw the Shear Diagram:
(1) VAB = 670 – 60x for segment AB is
60 lb/ft linear; at x = 0, VAB= 670 lb; at x
Load = 4 ft, VAB = 430 lb.
A (2) For segment BC, VBC = –230 – 60x
Diagram
B C D is also linear; at x= 4 ft, VBC = –
4’ 8’ 6’ 470 lb, at x = 12 ft, VBC = –950 lb.
RA = 670 lb RC = 1710 lb (3) VCD = 1480 – 60x for segment CD
is again linear; at x = 12, VCD =
760 lb 760 lb; at x = 18 ft, VCD = 400 lb.
670 lb
430 lb 400 lb
Shear (1) MAB = 670x – 30x2 for segment AB
Diagram is a second degree curve; at x =
0, MAB = 0; at x = 4 ft, MAB = 2200
lb⋅ft.
–470 lb
(2) For BC, MBC = 3600 – 230x – 30x2,
is a second degree curve; at x = 4
2200 lb⋅ft –950 lb
ft, MBC = 2200 lb⋅ft, at x = 12 ft,
MBC = –3480 lb⋅ft; When MBC = 0,
3600 – 230x – 30x2 = 0, x = –
15.439 ft and 7.772 ft. Take x =
7.772 ft, thus, the moment is zero
Moment
at 3.772 ft from B.
Diagram
(3) For segment CD, MCD = –16920 +
1480x – 30x2 is a second degree
3.772 ft
curve; at x = 12 ft, MCD = –3480
lb⋅ft; at x = 18 ft, MCD = 0.
–3480 lb⋅ft
Figure P-407 30 kN/m
A D
B C
3m 2m 1m
RA RD

6RD = 4[2(30)] 6RA = 2[2(30)]
RD = 40 kN RA = 20 kN
Segment AB: A
VAB = 20 kN
x
MAB = 20x kN⋅m
RA = 20 kN
30 kN/m Segment BC:

3m B
VBC = 20 – 30(x – 3)
A VBC = 110 – 30x kN
x MBC = 20x – 30(x – 3)(x – 3)/2
RA = 20 kN MBC = 20x – 15(x – 3)2
30 kN/m
Segment CD:
B VCD = 20 – 30(2)
A
C VCD = –40 kN
3m 2m
MCD = 20x – 30(2)(x – 4)
RA = 20 kN
x MCD = 20x – 60(x – 4)
30 kN/m
D (1) For segment AB, the shear is
A Load
B C Diagram uniformly distributed at 20 kN.
3m 2m 1m (2) VBC = 110 – 30x for segment BC;
at x = 3 m, VBC = 20 kN; at x = 5
RA = 20 kN RD = 40 kN
m, VBC = –40 kN. For VBC = 0, x =
3.67 m or 0.67 m from B.
20 kN (3) The shear for segment CD is
uniformly distributed at –40 kN.
Shear
Diagram
0.67 m (1) For AB, MAB = 20x; at x = 0, MAB =
–40 kN 0; at x = 3 m, MAB = 60 kN⋅m.
(2) MBC = 20x – 15(x – 3)2 for
segment BC is second degree
66.67 kN⋅m curve; at x = 3 m, MBC = 60 kN⋅m;
60 kN⋅m
at x = 5 m, MBC = 40 kN⋅m. Note
40 kN⋅m that maximum moment occurred
Moment
Diagram at zero shear; at x = 3.67 m, MBC
= 66.67 kN⋅m.
(3) MCD = 20x – 60(x – 4) for segment
BC is linear; at x = 5 m, MCD = 40
kN⋅m; at x = 6 m, MCD = 0.

50 kN/m
20 kN/m
Figure P-408
A D
B C
2m 2m 2m
RA RD

6RD = 1[2(50)] + 5[2(20)] 6RA = 5[2(50)] + 1[2(20)]
RD = 50 kN RA = 90 kN
Chapter 04 175
Segment AB: 50 kN/m
VAB = 90 – 50x kN
MAB = 90x – 50x(x/2) A
50 kN/m MAB = 90x – 25x2 x
RA = 90 kN
A
Segment BC:
B
2m VBC = 90 – 50(2)
RA = 90 kN VBC = –10 kN
x MBC = 90x – 2(50)(x – 1)
MBC = –10x + 100 kN⋅m
50 kN/m Segment CD:

20 kN/m
VCD = 90 – 2(50) – 20(x – 4)
A VCD = –20x + 70 kN
B C MCD = 90x – 2(50)(x – 1)
2m 2m
RA = 90 kN
– 20(x – 4)(x – 4)/2
x MCD = 90x – 100(x – 1) – 10(x – 4)2
MCD = –10x2 + 70x – 60 kN⋅m
50 kN/m 20 kN/m To draw the Shear Diagram:
D (1) VAB = 90 – 50x is linear; at x = 0, VBC
A Load = 90 kN; at x = 2 m, VBC = –10 kN.
B C Diagram When VAB = 0, x = 1.8 m.
2m 2m 2m (2) VBC = –10 kN along segment BC.
RA = 90 kN RD = 50 kN (3) VCD = –20x + 70 is linear; at x = 4
90 kN m, VCD = –10 kN; at x = 6 m, VCD = –
50 kN.
Shear To draw the Moment Diagram:

2
Diagram (1) MAB = 90x – 25x is second degree;
1.8 m –10 kN at x = 0, MAB = 0; at x = 1.8 m, MAB
= 81 kN⋅m; at x = 2 m, MAB = 80
–50 kN
81 kN⋅m 80 kN⋅m kN⋅m.
(2) MBC = –10x + 100 is linear; at x = 2
60 kN⋅m Moment m, MBC = 80 kN⋅m; at x = 4 m, MBC =
Diagram 60 kN⋅m.
(3) MCD = –10x2 + 70x – 60; at x = 4 m,
MCD = 60 kN⋅m; at x = 6 m, MCD = 0.
Problem 409. Cantilever beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-409.

wo
Figure P-409
A
B C
L/2 L/2
Solution 409. Segment AB:

VAB = –wox wo
MAB = –wox(x/2) A
MAB = – 21 wox2
x
wo Segment BC:
B VBC = –wo(L/2)
A
VBC = – 21 woL
L/2
x
MBC = –wo(L/2)(x – L/4)
MBC = – 21 woLx + 81 woL2
wo
Load (1) VAB = –wox for segment AB is linear; at x = 0, VAB
A
Diagram 1
B C = 0; at x = L/2, VAB = – 2
woL.
L/2 L/2
(2) At BC, the shear is uniformly distributed by –
1
2
woL.
Shear
Diagram
1 1
– 2
woL (1) MAB = – 2
wox2 is a second degree curve; at x =
1
0, MAB = 0; at x = L/2, MAB = – 8
woL2.
Moment 1 1
(2) MBC = – woLx + woL2 is a second degree; at
Diagram 2 8
1
– woL2 1
8 x = L/2, MBC = – 8
woL2; at x = L, MBC = –
3
– 8
woL2
3
8
woL2.
Problem 410. Cantilever beam carrying the uniformly varying load

shown in Fig. P-410.
Figure P-410 wo
y w
Solution 410. = o
x L
wo 1
x
y= x Fx 3
L
wo
Fx = 21 xy y
1  wo  L–x
Fx = x x x
2  L 
Chapter 04 177
wo 2
Fx = x
2L
Shear equation:
w
V = – o x2
2L
Moment equation:
1  wo 2 
M = – 13 xFx = –x x 
3  2L 
w
wo
M = – o x3
6L
Load To draw the Shear Diagram:
L Diagram
wo 2
V=– x is a second degree curve;
2L
1
at x = 0, V = 0; at x = L, V = – woL.
Shear 2
Diagram
2nd degree To draw the Moment Diagram:
1
– woL wo 3
2 M=– x is a third degree curve; at
6L
1
x = 0, M = 0; at x = L, M =– 6
woL2.
Moment
Diagram
3rd degree
1
– 6
woL2
Problem 411. Cantilever beam carrying a distributed load with

intensity varying from wo at the free end to zero at the
wall, as shown in Fig. P-411.
Figure P-411 wo
y w
Solution 411. = o
L−x L
wo
y= (L − x )
L
2
3
x F1 = 1
2 x( w o − y )
F1
F2 1
x 1  w 
2 F1 = x w o − o ( L − x )
wo
2  L 
y
1  w 
F1 = x wo − wo + o x 
2 
L–x
L 
x
wo 2
F1 = x
2L
wo
w 
F2 = xy = x  o (L − x )
L  L 
Load Diagram w
F2 = o ( Lx − x 2 )
L
2nd degree Shear equation:

wo 2 w
Shear Diagram – 1
2
woL V = –F1 – F2 = – x – o ( Lx − x 2 )
2L L
wo 2 wo 2
V=– x – wo x + x
3rd degree
2L L
w
– 1
woL2 V = o x 2 – wo x
Moment Diagram
3 2L
To draw the Shear Diagram: Moment equation:

wo 2
M = – 23 xF1 – 21 xF2
V = x – w o x is a concave
2L 1  wo 2  1 w 
upward second degree curve; at x M=– x x  – x  o ( Lx − x 2 )
1
3  2L  2  L 
= 0, V = 0; at x = L, V = – 2
woL.
wo 3 wo 2 wo 3
To draw the Moment diagram: M=– x – x + x
wo2 wo 3 3L 2 2L
M=– x + x is in third
w w
2 6L M = – o x2 + o x3
degree; at x = 0, M = 0; at x = L, 2 6L
1
M=– 3
woL2.
800 lb/ft
Figure P-406
A D
B C
2 ft 4 ft 2 ft
RA RC
Chapter 04 179
Solution 412. ∑MA = 0 ∑MC = 0
6RC = 5[6(800)] 6RA = 1[6(800)]
RC = 4000 lb RA = 800 lb
A Segment AB:
x VAB = 800 lb
RA = 800 lb MAB = 800x
800 lb/ft Segment BC:

2 ft VBC = 800 – 800(x – 2)
B
A VBC = 2400 – 800x
x MBC = 800x – 800(x – 2)(x – 2)/2
RA = 800 lb MBC = 800x – 400(x – 2)2
Segment CD:
800 lb/ft
VCD = 800 + 4000 – 800(x – 2)
B
A VCD = 4800 – 800x + 1600
C VCD = 6400 – 800x
2 ft 4 ft
RA = 800 lb RC = 4000 lb MCD = 800x + 4000(x – 6) – 800(x – 2)(x – 2)/2
x MCD = 800x + 4000(x – 6) – 400(x – 2)2
800 lb/ft
A Load
B C D Diagram To draw the Shear Diagram:
2 ft 4 ft 2 ft (1) 800 lb of shear force is uniformly
RA = 800 lb RC = 4000 lb distributed along segment AB.
(2) VBC = 2400 – 800x is linear; at x = 2 ft,
VBC = 800 lb; at x = 6 ft, VBC = –2400
800 lb 1600 lb
lb. When VBC = 0, 2400 – 800x = 0,
thus x = 3 ft or VBC = 0 at 1 ft from B.
(3) VCD = 6400 – 800x is also linear; at x =
Shear
6 ft, VCD = 1600 lb; at x = 8 ft, VBC = 0.
Diagram
1 ft To draw the Moment Diagram:
(1) MAB = 800x is linear; at x = 0, MAB = 0;
–2400 lb at x = 2 ft, MAB = 1600 lb⋅ft.
2000 lb⋅ft (2) MBC = 800x – 400(x – 2)2 is second
degree curve; at x = 2 ft, MBC = 1600
1600 lb⋅ft lb⋅ft; at x = 6 ft, MBC = –1600 lb⋅ft; at x
= 3 ft, MBC = 2000 lb⋅ft.
2
Moment (3) MCD = 800x + 4000(x – 6) – 400(x – 2)
Diagram is also a second degree curve; at x = 6
ft, MCD = –1600 lb⋅ft; at x = 8 ft, MCD =
0.
–1600 lb⋅ft
Figure P-413 100 lb/ft

M = 1200 lb⋅ft
A E
B C D
2 ft 4 ft 1 ft 1 ft
RB RE
Solution 413. ∑MB = 0

6RE = 1200 + 1[6(100)]
RE = 300 lb
∑ME = 0
6RB + 1200 = 5[6(100)]
RB = 300 lb
Segment AB: 100 lb/ft

VAB = –100x lb A
MAB = –100x(x/2)
MAB = –50x2 lb⋅ft x
100 lb/ft
A Segment BC:
B VBC = –100x + 300 lb
2 ft
RB = 300 lb MBC = –100x(x/2) + 300(x – 2)
x MBC = –50x2 + 300x – 600 lb⋅ft
100 lb/ft
Segment CD:
VCD = –100(6) + 300
A VCD = –300 lb
B C
2 ft 4 ft MCD = –100(6)(x – 3) + 300(x – 2)
RB = 300 lb MCD = –600x + 1800 + 300x – 600
x MCD = –300x + 1200 lb⋅ft
Segment DE:
100 lb/ft VDE = –100(6) + 300
1200 lb⋅ft
A
VDE = –300 lb
B C D MDE = –100(6)(x – 3) + 1200 + 300(x – 2)
2 ft 4 ft 1’
MDE = –600x + 1800 + 1200 + 300x – 600
RB = 300 lb
x MDE = –300x + 2400
Chapter 04 181
100 lb/ft
M = 1200 lb⋅ft
A E To draw the Shear Diagram:
B C D Load (1) VAB = –100x is linear; at x = 0, VAB =
2 ft 4 ft 1’ 1’ Diagram 0; at x = 2 ft, VAB = –200 lb.
RB = 300 lb RE = 300 lb (2) VBC = 300 – 100x is also linear; at x
= 2 ft, VBC = 100 lb; at x = 4 ft, VBC
= –300 lb. When VBC = 0, x = 3 ft,
100 lb or VBC =0 at 1 ft from B.
(3) The shear is uniformly distributed at
Shear –300 lb along segments CD and DE.
Diagram
–200 lb To draw the Moment Diagram:
(1) MAB = –50x2 is a second degree
1 ft –300 lb
curve; at x= 0, MAB = 0; at x = ft,
MAB = –200 lb⋅ft.
(2) MBC = –50x2 + 300x – 600 is also
300 lb⋅ft
second degree; at x = 2 ft; MBC = –
200 lb⋅ft; at x = 6 ft, MBC = –600
Moment
lb⋅ft; at x = 3 ft, MBC = –150 l⋅ft.
Diagram
(3) MCD = –300x + 1200 is linear; at x =
–200 lb⋅ft 6 ft, MCD = –600 lb⋅ft; at x = 7 ft,
MCD = –900 lb⋅ft.
–150 lb⋅ft
(4) MDE = –300x + 2400 is again linear;
at x = 7 ft, MDE = 300 lb⋅ft; at x = 8
–600 lb⋅ft ft, MDE = 0.
–900 lb⋅ft
Problem 414. Cantilever beam carrying the load shown in Fig. P-

414.
4 kN/m
Figure P-414
2 kN/m
A
B C
2m 3m
Solution 414. Segment AB: 2 kN/m

VAB = –2x kN
MAB = –2x(x/2) A
3m
MAB = –x2 kN⋅m x
F2
F1
2 kN/m y
Segment BC:
y 2
A
B
2 kN/m
=
2m x–2 x−2 3
x y = 23 (x – 2)
F1 = 2 x
1
F2 = 2 (x – 2)y
1
4 kN/m
F2 = 2 (x – 2)[ 23 (x – 2)]
1
2 kN/m F2 = 3 (x – 2)2
A
B C VBC = –F1 – F2
2m 3m
Load Diagram
VBC = – 2x – 13 (x – 2)2
1
MBC = –(x/2)F1 – 3 (x – 2)F2
1
st
1 degree –4 kN MBC = –(x/2)(2x) – 3 (x – 2)[ 13 (x – 2)2]
1
MBC = –x2 – 9 (x – 2)3
2nd degree
–13 kN To draw the Shear Diagram:

Shear Diagram
(1) VAB = –2x is linear; at x = 0, VAB = 0; at x = 2 m, VAB =
–4 kN.
(2) VBC = – 2x – 13 (x – 2)2 is a second degree curve; at x
2nd degree = 2 m, VBC = –4 kN; at x = 5 m; VBC = –13 kN.
–4 kN⋅m

3rd degree
(1) MAB = –x2 is a second degree curve; at x = 0, MAB = 0;
at x = 2 m, MAB = –4 kN⋅m.
–28 kN⋅m
(2) MBC = –x2 – 91 (x – 2)3 is a third degree curve; at x = 2
Moment Diagram
m, MBC = –4 kN⋅m; at x = 5 m, MBC = –28 kN⋅m.
Figure P-415
20 kN/m
A
B C D
3m 2m 2m
40 kN
Solution 415. Segment AB: 20 kN/m

VAB = –20x kN
MAB = –20x(x/2) A
MAB = –10x2 kN⋅m x
Chapter 04 183
Segment BC: 20 kN/m
VBC = –20(3)
A
VAB = –60 kN B
MBC = –20(3)(x – 1.5) 3m
x
20 kN/m MAB = –60(x – 1.5) kN⋅m
A Segment CD:
B C
3m 2m VCD = –20(3) + 40
40 kN VCD = –20 kN
x MCD = –20(3)(x – 1.5) + 40(x – 5)
MCD = –60(x – 1.5) + 40(x – 5)
20 kN/m
A To draw the Shear Diagram

B C D (1) VAB = –20x for segment AB is linear; at
3m 2m 2m
x = 0, V = 0; at x = 3 m, V = –60 kN.
40 kN (2) VBC = –60 kN is uniformly distributed
Load Diagram
along segment BC.
(3) Shear is uniform along segment CD at
–20 kN.
–20 kN To draw the Moment Diagram

(1) MAB = –10x2 for segment AB is second
degree curve; at x = 0, MAB = 0; at x =
–60 kN 3 m, MAB = –90 kN⋅m.
Shear Diagram (2) MBC = –60(x – 1.5) for segment BC is
linear; at x = 3 m, MBC = –90 kN⋅m; at
x = 5 m, MBC = –210 kN⋅m.
(3) MCD = –60(x – 1.5) + 40(x – 5) for
segment CD is also linear; at x = 5 m,
–90 kN⋅m MCD = –210 kN⋅m, at x = 7 m, MCD = –
250 kN⋅m.
–210 kN⋅m
Moment Diagram –250 kN⋅m
wo
Problem 416. Beam carrying L

uniformly varying R1 R2
Figure P-416
load shown in Fig.
P-416.
F = ½ Lwo
Solution 416. ∑MR2 = 0 2/3 L 1/3 L

1
LR1 = 3
LF wo
1 1
R1 = 3(2 Lwo)
R1 = 1
Lwo L
6
R1 R2
∑MR1 = 0
LR2 = 23 LF
2 1
R2 = 3(2 Lwo)
1
R2 = 3 Lwo
y wo
=
x L
wo
y= x
L
Fx = ½ xy 1  wo 
2/3 x 1/3 x Fx = 1
2 xy = x x
2  L 
y wo wo 2
Fx = x
2L
x
R1 V = R 1 – Fx
1
wo 2
V= 6 Lwo – x
2L
M = R1x – Fx( 13 x )
w
M = 61 Lwox – o x 2 ( 13 x )
2L
wo
w
M = 61 Lwox – o x 3
6L
L
R1 R2 To draw the Shear Diagram:
Load Diagram V = 1/6 Lwo – wox2/2L is a second degree curve; at x =
R1 0, V = 1/6 Lwo = R1; at x = L, V = –1/3 Lwo = –R2; If
a is the location of zero shear from left end, 0 = 1/6 Lwo
– wox2/2L, x = 0.5774L = a; to check, use the squared
property of parabola:
a2/R1 = L2/(R1 + R2)
a a2/(1/6 Lwo) = L2/(1/6 Lwo + 1/3 Lwo)
a2 = (1/6 L3wo)/(1/2 Lwo) = 1/3 L2
Shear Diagram a = 0.5774L a=
–R2
Mmax To draw the Moment Diagram

M = 1/6 Lwox – wox3/6L is a third degree curve; at x =
0, M = 0; at x = L, M = 0; at x = a = 0.5774L, M =
Mmax
Mmax = 1/6 Lwo(0.5774L) – wo(0.5774L)3/6L
Mmax = 0.0962L2wo – 0.0321L2wo
Mmax = 0.0641L2wo
Moment Diagram
Chapter 04 185
Problem 417. Beam carrying the triangular loading shown in Fig. P-
417.
wo
Figure P-417
L/2 L/2
R1 R2
Solution 417. By symmetry:

1/3 x
R1 = R2 = 21 ( 21 Lw o ) = 1
4 Lw o
F
wo
y w 2 wo y
= o ; y= x
x L /2 L
x
1  2 wo  R1
F = 21 xy = x  x L/2
2  L 
w
F = o x2
L
wo
V = R1 – F
1
wo 2
V= 4 Lw o – x
L
L/2 L/2
R1 Load Diagram R2 M = R1x – F ( 13 x )
w 
Lw o x –  o x 2 ( 13 x )
1 1
4
Lw o M= 4
 L 
w
M = 14 Lw o x – o x 3
3L

Shear Diagram V = Lwo/4 – wox2/L is a second degree curve;
− 1
4
Lw o at x = 0, V = Lwo/4; at x = L/2, V = 0. The
other half of the diagram can be drawn by the
1 2
L wo concept of symmetry.
12
To draw the Moment Diagram

M = Lwox/4 – wox3/3L is a third degree curve;
at x = 0, M = 0; at x = L/2, M = L2wo/12. The
other half of the diagram can be drawn by the
Moment Diagram concept of symmetry.
Figure P-418 20 kN M = 80 kN⋅m

B
A
C
4m 2m
Solution 418. Segment AB:

20 kN
VAB = –20 kN
20 kN M = 80 kN⋅m MAB = –20x kN⋅m A
B x
A Segment BC:
4m VAB = –20 kN
x MAB = –20x + 80 kN⋅m
20 kN M = 80 kN⋅m
B Load VAB and VBC are equal and constant
A Diagram at –20 kN.
C
4m 2m
(1) MAB = –20x is linear; when x = 0,
Shear MAB = 0; when x = 4 m, MAB = –
Diagram 80 kN⋅m.
(2) MBC = –20x + 80 is also linear;
–20 kN when x = 4 m, MBC = 0; when x =
6 m, MBC = –60 kN⋅m
Moment
Diagram
–40 kN⋅m
–80 kN⋅m
270 lb/ft
A C
B
6 ft 3 ft
R1 R2
Figure P-419
Chapter 04 187
Solution 419. 810 lb
4 ft 5 ft
270 lb/ft
A C
B
6 ft 3 ft
R1 R2
[ ∑MC = 0 ] 9R1 = 5(810)

R1 = 450 lb
[ ∑MA = 0 ] 9R2 = 4(810)

R2 = 360 lb
Segment AB:
y 270
=
x 6
1/3 x
F y = 45x
270 lb/ft
y
1 1
A F= 2
xy = 2
x( 45x )
R1 x F= 22.5x2
6 ft
VAB = R1 – F
VAB = 450 – 22.5x2 lb
MAB = R1x – F( 13 x )
MAB = 450x – 22.5x2( 13 x )
MAB = 450x – 7.5x3 lb⋅ft
4 ft 810 lb
270 lb/ft
Segment BC:
VBC = 450 – 810
VBC = –360 lb
A
B
6 ft MBC = 450x – 810(x – 4)
R1 = 450 lb
MBC = 450x – 810x + 3240
x
MBC = 3240 – 360x lb⋅ft
270 lb/ft To draw the Shear Diagram:
(1) VAB = 450 – 22.5x2 is a second degree
curve; at x = 0, VAB = 450 lb; at x = 6
ft, VAB = –360 lb.
A C (2) At x = a, VAB = 0,
B
6 ft 3 ft 450 – 22.5x2 = 0
22.5x2 = 450
R1 = 450 lb R2 = 360 lb x2 = 20
Load Diagram x = √20
To check, use the squared property of
450 lb
parabola.
a2/450 = 62/(450 + 360)
a2 = 20
a = √20
(3) VBC = –360 lb is constant.
a=
a=√20
(1) MAB = 450x – 7.5x3 for segment AB is
–360 lb
Shear Diagram third degree curve; at x = 0, MAB = 0;
at x = √20, MAB = 1341.64 lb⋅ft; at x =
6 ft, MAB = 1080 lb⋅ft.
(2) MBC = 3240 – 360x for segment BC is
1341.64 lb⋅ft linear; at x = 6 ft, MBC = 1080 lb⋅ft; at
1080 lb⋅ft x = 9 ft, MBC = 0.
3rd degree
linear
Moment Diagram
Problem 420. A total distributed load of 30 kips supported by a

uniformly distributed reaction as shown in Fig. P-420.
W = 30 kips
Figure P-420
4 ft 12 ft 4 ft
Solution 420.
W = 30 kips
w lb/ft
r lb/ft
4 ft 12 ft 4 ft
Chapter 04 189
w = 30(1000)/12
w = 2500 lb/ft
∑FV = 0
R=W
20r = 30(1000)
r = 1500 lb/ft
First segment (from 0 to 4 ft from left): x

V1 = 1500x
M1 = 1500x(x/2)
2500 lb/ft
M1 = 750x2 r = 1500 lb/ft
Second segment (from 4 ft to mid-span):

r = 1500 lb/ft V2 = 1500x – 2500(x – 4)
4 ft
V2 = 10000 – 1000x
x M2 = 1500x(x/2) – 2500(x – 4)(x – 4)/2
M2 = 750x2 – 1250(x – 4)2
25 lb/ft
(1) For the first segment, V1 = 1500x is
linear; at x = 0, V1 = 0; at x = 4 ft, V1 =
6000 lb.
1500 lb/ft
(2) For the second segment, V2 = 10000 –
1000x is also linear; at x = 4 ft, V1 =
4 ft 12 ft 4 ft
6000 lb; at mid-span, x = 10 ft, V1 = 0.
Load Diagram (3) For the next half of the beam, the shear
diagram can be accomplished by the
6000 lb concept of symmetry.

(1) For the first segment, M1 = 750x2 is a
second degree curve, an open upward
parabola; at x = 0, M1 = 0; at x = 4 ft,
M1 = 12000 lb⋅ft.
(2) For the second segment, M2 = 750x2 –
6 ft
1250(x – 4)2 is a second degree curve,
Shear Diagram an downward parabola; at x = 4 ft, M2 =
–6000 lb 12000 lb⋅ft; at mid-span, x = 10 ft, M2 =
30000 lb⋅ft.
30,000 lb⋅ft (2) The next half of the diagram, from x =
10 ft to x = 20 ft, can be drawn by using
the concept of symmetry.
12,000 12,000 lb⋅ft
Moment Diagram
Problem 421. Write the shear and moment equations as functions of

the angle θ for the built-in arch shown in Fig. P-421.
θ B
A
Q
P Figure P-421
Solution 421. For θ that is less than 90°

Components of Q and P:
Qx = Q sin θ
Qy = Q cos θ
Px = P sin (90° – θ)
V Px = P (sin 90° cos θ – cos 90° sin θ)
dQ Px = P cos θ
R
Py = P cos (90° – θ)
θ θ Py = P (cos 90° cos θ + sin 90° sin θ)
Q dP Py = P sin θ
P
90° – θ
Shear:
V = ∑Fy
V = Qy – Py
V = Q cos θ – P sin θ
Moment arms:
dQ = R sin θ
dP = R – R cos θ
dP = R (1 – cos θ)
Moment:
M = ∑Mcounterclockwise – ∑Mclockwise
M = Q(dQ) – P(dP)
M = QR sin θ – PR(1 – cos θ)
Chapter 04 191
For θ that is greater than 90°
Components of Q and P:
Qx = Q sin (180° – θ)
Qx = Q (sin 180° cos θ – cos 180° sin θ)
Qx = Q cos θ
Qy = Q cos (180° – θ)
V Qy = Q (cos 180° cos θ + sin 180° sin θ)
dQ Qy = –Q sin θ
R
θ
180° – θ Px = P sin (θ – 90°)
180° – θ
Q Px = P (sin θ cos 90° – cos θ sin 90°)
θ – 90°
dP
Px = –P cos θ
P
Py = P cos (θ – 90°)
Py = P (cos θ cos 90° + sin θ sin 90°)
Py = P sin θ
Shear:
V = ∑Fy
V = –Qy – Py
V = –(–Q sin θ) – P sin θ
V = Q sin θ – P sin θ
Moment arms:
dQ = R sin (180° – θ)
dQ = R (sin 180° cos θ – cos 180° sin θ)
dQ = R sin θ
dP = R + R cos (180° – θ)
dP = R + R (cos 180° cos θ + sin 180° sin θ)
dP = R – R cos θ
dP = R(1 – cos θ)
Moment:
M = ∑Mcounterclockwise – ∑Mclockwise
M = Q(dQ) – P(dP)
M = QR sin θ – PR(1 – cos θ)
Problem 422. Write the shear and moment equations for the
semicircular arch as shown in Fig. P-422 if (a) the load
P is vertical as shown, and (b) the load is applied
horizontally to the left at the top of the arch.
P
B
A θ C
O
Figure P-422
Solution 422. ∑MC = 0

2R(RA) = RP
P
RA = 21 P
B
For θ that is less than 90°
R Shear:
θ
VAB = RA cos (90° – θ)
A C
O
VAB = 21 P (cos 90° cos θ + sin 90° sin θ)
VAB = 1
2 P sin θ
RA
Moment arm:
d = R – R cos θ
V d = R(1 – cos θ)
Moment:
R
MAB = Ra (d)
A θ MAB = 21 PR(1 – cos θ)
O
90° – θ
RA
d
Chapter 04 193
For θ that is greater than 90°
θ – 90°
P
B Components of P and RA:

Px = P sin (θ – 90°)
Px = P (sin θ cos 90° – cos θ sin 90°)
V
Px = –P cos θ
R Py = P cos (θ – 90°)
θ
A 180° – θ Py = P (cos θ cos 90° + sin θ sin 90°)
R O Py = P sin θ
RA d
θ – 90° RAx = RA sin (θ – 90°)
RAx = 21 P (sin θ cos 90° – cos θ sin 90°)
RAx = – 21 P cos θ
RAy = RA cos (θ – 90°)
RAy = 21 P (cos θ cos 90° + sin θ sin 90°)
RAy = 1
2 P sin θ
Shear:
VBC = ∑Fy
VBC = RAy – Py
VBC = 21 P sin θ – P sin θ
VBC = – 21 P sin θ
Moment arm:
d = R cos (180° – θ)
d = R (cos 180° cos θ + sin 180° sin θ)
d = –R cos θ
Moment:
MBC = ∑Mcounterclockwise – ∑Mclockwise
MBC = RA(R + d) – Pd
MBC = 21 P(R – R cos θ) – P(–R cos θ)
MBC = 1
2 PR – 1
2 PR cos θ + PR cos θ
MBC = 1
2 PR + 1
2 PR cos θ
MBC = 1
2 PR(1 + cos θ)
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOAD, SHEAR, AND MOMENT
The vertical shear at C in the figure shown in

previous section (Shear and Moment Diagram) is
taken as
VC = (ΣFv)L = R1 – wx
where R1 = R2 = wL/2
wL
VC = – wx
2
The moment at C is
wL x
MC = (ΣMC) = x – wx 
2 2
wLx wx 2
MC = –
2 2
If we differentiate M with respect to x:
dM wL dx w dx
= – 2x
dx 2 dx 2 dx
dM wL
= – wx = shear
dx 2
thus,
dM
=V
dx
Thus, the rate of change of the bending moment with

respect to x is equal to the shearing force, or the slope
of the moment diagram at the given point is the
shear at that point.
Chapter 04 195
Differentiate V with respect to x gives
dV
= 0 – w = load
dx
dV
= Load
dx
Thus, the rate of change of the shearing force with

respect to x is equal to the load or the slope of the
shear diagram at a given point equals the load at
that point.
PROPERTIES OF SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS

The following are some important properties of shear
and moment diagrams:
1. The area of the shear diagram to the left or to the

right of the section is equal to the moment at that
section.
2. The slope of the moment diagram at a given point is
the shear at that point.
3. The slope of the shear diagram at a given point equals
the load at that point.
4. The maximum moment occurs at the point of zero
shears. This is in reference to property number 2, that
when the shear (also the slope of the moment
diagram) is zero, the tangent drawn to the moment
diagram is horizontal.
5. When the shear diagram is
increasing, the moment
diagram is concave upward.
6. When the shear diagram is
decreasing, the moment
diagram is concave
downward.
SIGN CONVENTIONS
The customary sign conventions for shearing force
and bending moment are represented by the figures
below. A force that tends to bend the beam
downward is said to produce a positive bending

moment. A force that tends to shear the left portion
of the beam upward with respect to the right portion
is said to produce a positive shearing force.
Positive Bending Negative Bending
Positive Shear Negative Shear
An easier way of determining the sign of the bending

moment at any section is that upward forces always
cause positive bending moments regardless of
whether they act to the left or to the right of the
exploratory section.
SOLVED PROBLEMS
INSTRUCTION: Without writing shear and moment equations, draw

the shear and moment diagrams for the beams
specified in the following problems. Give numerical
values at all change of loading positions and at all
points of zero shear. (Note to instructor: Problems
403 to 420 may also be assigned for solution by semi
graphical method describes in this article.)
Figure P-425 60 kN 30 kN
2m 4m 1m
R1 R2
Chapter 04 197
Solution 425. ∑MA = 0
6R2 = 2(60) + 7(30)
60 kN 30 kN R2 = 55 kN
B
D
A C
∑MC = 0
2m 4m 1m 6R1 + 1(30) = 4(60)
R1 = 35 kN R2 = 55 kN R1 = 35 kN
Load Diagram
35 kN (1) VA = R1 = 35 kN
30 kN (2) VB = VA + Area in load diagram – 60 kN
VB = 35 + 0 – 60 = –25 kN
(3) VC = VB + area in load diagram + R2
VC = –25 + 0 + 55 = 30 kN
(4) VD = VC + Area in load diagram – 30 kN
VD = 30 + 0 – 30 = 0
–25 kN To draw the Moment Diagram:

Shear Diagram (1) MA = 0
(2) MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 + 35(2) = 70 kN⋅m
70 kN⋅m
(3) MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
MC = 70 – 25(4) = –30 kN⋅m
(4) MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
MD = –30 + 30(1) = 0
Moment Diagram
–30 kN⋅m
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free contents. Thank you for your
support.
Problem 426. Cantilever beam acted upon by a uniformly

distributed load and a couple as shown in Fig. P-426.
5 kN/m
Figure P-426 M = 60 kN⋅m
2m 2m 1m
Solution 426.
5 kN/m
To draw the Shear Diagram
M = 60 kN⋅m (1) VA = 0
B C D (2) VB = VA + Area in load diagram
A
VB = 0 – 5(2)
VB = –10 kN
2m 2m 1m
(3) VC = VB + Area in load diagram
Load Diagram VC = –10 + 0
VC = –10 kN
(4) VD = VC + Area in load diagram
VD = –10 + 0
VD = –10 kN

–10 kN (1) MA = 0
Shear Diagram (2) MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 – ½ (2)(10)
30 kN⋅m MB = –10 kN⋅m
20 kN⋅m (3) MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
MC = –10 – 10(2)
MC = –30 kN⋅m
MC2 = –30 + M = –30 + 60 = 30 kN⋅m
(4) MD = MC2 + Area in shear diagram
MD = 30 – 10(1)
2nd deg MD = 20 kN⋅m
–10 kN⋅m
1st deg
Moment Diagram
–30 kN⋅m
800 lb
100 lb/ft
Figure P-427
9 ft 3 ft
R1 R2
Chapter 04 199
800 lb 12R1 = 100(12)(6) + 800(3)
100 lb/ft R1 = 800 lb
∑MA = 0
A B C 12R2 = 100(12)(6) + 800(9)
9 ft 3 ft R2 = 1200 lb
R1 = 800 lb R2 = 1200 lb
Load Diagram

800 lb (1) VA = R1 = 800 lb
(2) VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 800 – 100(9)
VB = –100 lb
VB2 = –100 – 800 = –900 lb
(3) VC = VB2 + Area in load diagram
x = 8 ft –100 lb
VC = –900 – 100(3)
VC = –1200 lb
–900 lb (4) Solving for x:
x / 800 = (9 – x) / 100
100x = 7200 – 800x
Shear Diagram –1200 lb x = 8 ft
A’
(1) MA = 0
(2) Mx = MA + Area in shear diagram
3200 lb⋅ft Mx = 0 + ½ (8)(800) = 3200 lb⋅ft
(3) MB = Mx + Area in shear diagram
3150 lb⋅ft
MB = 3200 – ½ (1)(100) = 3150 lb⋅ft
MC = 3150 – ½ (900 + 1200)(3) = 0
(5) The moment curve BC is downward
parabola with vertex at A’. A’ is the
Moment Diagram location of zero shear for segment BC.
10 kN/m
Figure P-428
25 kN⋅m
1m 1m 3m 2m
R1 R2
Solution 428. ∑MD = 0

5R1 = 50(0.5) + 25
50 kN
10 kN/m R1 = 10 kN
25 kN⋅m
A
∑MA = 0
B C 0.5 m D E
5R2 + 25 = 50(4.5)
1m 1m 3m 2m R2 = 40 kN
R1 = 10 kN R2 = 40 kN
Load Diagram To draw the Shear Diagram
(1) VA = R1 = 10 kN
20 kN VB = 10 + 0 = 10 kN
10 kN VC = 10 + 0 = 10 kN
VD = 10 – 10(3) = –20 kN
VD2 = –20 + R2 = 20 kN
(5) VE = VD2 + Area in load diagram
x=1m VE = 20 – 10(2) = 0
(6) Solving for x:
–20 kN
Shear Diagram x / 10 = (3 – x) / 20
20x = 30 – 10x
x=1m
10 kN⋅m
(1) MA = 0
MB = 0 + 1(10) = 10 kN⋅m
MB2 = 10 – 25 = –15 kN⋅m
–5 kN⋅m
(3) MC = MB2 + Area in shear diagram
MC = –15 + 1(10) = –5 kN⋅m
(4) Mx = MC + Area in shear diagram
–15 kN⋅m Mx = –5 + ½ (1)(10) = 0
(5) MD = Mx + Area in shear diagram
–20 kN⋅m MD = 0 – ½ (2)(20) = –20 kN⋅m
Moment Diagram (6) ME = MD + Area in shear diagram
ME = –20 + ½ (2)(20) = 0
100 lb
120 lb/ft 120 lb/ft
2 ft 2 ft 2 ft free contents. Thank you for your
R1 R2 support.
Figure P-429
Chapter 04 201
100 lb
4R1 + 120(2)(1) = 100(2) + 120(2)(3)
R1 = 170 lb
120 lb/ft 120 lb/ft
∑MA = 0
4R2 = 120(2)(1) + 100(2) + 120(2)(5)
A B C D
R2 = 410 lb
2 ft 2 ft 2 ft
R1 = 170 lb R2 = 410 lb
Load Diagram (1) VA = R1 = 170 lb
240 lb VB = 170 – 120(2) = –70 lb
170 lb VB2 = –70 – 100 = –170 lb
VC = –170 + 0 = –170 lb
VC2 = –170 + R2
VC2 = –170 + 410 = 240 lb
(4) VD = VC2 + Area in load diagram
–70 lb VD = 240 – 120(2) = 0
(5) Solving for x:
x = 1.42 ft –170 lb x / 170 = (2 – x) / 70
Shear Diagram 70x = 340 – 170x
x = 17 / 12 ft = 1.42 ft
120.42 lb⋅ft
100 lb⋅ft (1) MA = 0
(2) Mx = MA + Area in shear diagram
Mx = 0 + ½ (17/12)(170)
Mx = 1445/12 = 120.42 lb⋅ft
(3) MB = Mx + Area in shear diagram
MB = 1445/12 – ½ (2 – 17/12)(70)
MB = 100 lb⋅ft
–240 lb⋅ft MC = 100 – 170(2) = –240 lb⋅ft
Moment Diagram MD = –240 + ½ (2)(240) = 0
Problem 430. Beam loaded as shown in P-430.
1000 lb 2000 lb
400 lb/ft 200 lb/ft
5 ft 10 ft 10 ft
R1 R2
Figure P-430

20R1 = 1000(25) + 400(5)(22.5)
1000 lb 2000 lb
+ 2000(10) + 200(10)(5)
400 lb/ft 200 lb/ft R1 = 5000 lb
B C
A ∑MB = 0
D 20R2 + 1000(5) + 400(5)(2.5)
10 ft 10 ft
5 ft = 2000(10) + 200(10)(15)
R1 = 5000 lb R2 = 2000 lb
R2 = 2000 lb
Load Diagram

2000 lb (1) VA = –1000 lb
VB = –1000 – 400(5) = –3000 lb
A’ VB2 = –3000 + R1 = 2000 lb
VC = 2000 + 0 = 2000 lb
VC2 = 2000 – 2000 = 0
–1000 lb –2000 lb VD = 0 + 200(10) = 2000 lb
–3000 lb
Shear Diagram To draw the Moment Diagram
(1) MA = 0
MB = 0 – ½ (1000 + 3000)(5)
10000 lb⋅ft MB = –10000 lb⋅ft
5 ft MC = –10000 + 2000(10) = 10000 lb⋅ft
A’ (4) MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
MD = 10000 – ½ (10)(2000) = 0
(5) For segment BC, the location of zero
moment can be accomplished by
symmetry and that is 5 ft from B.
(6) The moment curve AB is a downward
–10000 lb⋅ft parabola with vertex at A’. A’ is the
location of zero shear for segment AB at
Moment Diagram point outside the beam.
50 kN 20 kN/m 40 kN
Figure P-431
1m
2m 10 kN/m
7m 3m
R1 R2
Chapter 04 203
7R1 + 40(3) = 5(50) + 10(10)(2)
4m + 20(4)(2)
50 kN 40 kN
R1 = 70 kN
2m 1m 20 kN/m
B C 10 kN/m
∑MA = 0
7R2 = 50(2) + 10(10)(5) + 20(4)(5)
A D E + 40(10)
5m 2m 3m
R2 = 200 lb
R1 = 70 kN R2 = 200 lb
Load Diagram

70 kN 40 kN
70 kN (1) VA = R1 = 70 kN
50 kN (2) VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 70 – 10(2) = 50 kN
VB2 = 50 – 50 = 0
y VC = 0 – 10(1) = –10 kN
–10 kN
VD = –10 – 30(4) = –130 kN
a = 1/3 m VD2 = –130 + R2
VD2 = –130 + 200 = 70 kN
–130 kN (5) VE = VD2 + Area in load diagram
VE = 70 – 10(3) = 40 kN
Shear Diagram
VE2 = 40 – 40 = 0

A’ (1) MA = 0
120 kN⋅m MB = 0 + ½ (70 + 50)(2) = 120 kN⋅m
115 kN⋅m (3) MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
B’ C’ MC = 120 – ½ (1)(10) = 115 kN⋅m
MD = 115 – ½ (10 + 130)(4)
MD = –165 kN⋅m
(5) ME = MD + Area in shear diagram
x ME = –165 + ½ (70 + 40)(3) = 0
(6) Moment curves AB, CD and DE are
downward parabolas with vertices at
A’, B’ and C’, respectively. A’, B’ and
–165 kN⋅m C’ are corresponding zero shear
Moment Diagram points of segments AB, CD and DE.
(7) Solving for point of zero moment: MC = 115 kN⋅m Another way to solve the
a / 10 = (a + 4) / 130 Mzero = MC + Area in shear location of zero moment
130a = 10a + 40 0 = 115 – ½ (10 + y)x is by the squared
a = 1/3 m (10 + y)x = 230 property of parabola (see
(10 + 30x + 10)x = 230 Problem 434). This point
y / (x + a) = 130 / (4 + a) 30x2 + 20x – 230 = 0 is the appropriate location
y = 130(x + 1/3) / (4 + 1/3) 3x2 + 2x – 23 = 0 for construction joint of
y = 30x + 10 x = 2.46 m concrete structures.
zero moment is at 2.46 m from C
60 kN
40 kN/m
M = 120 kN⋅m
Figure P-432
1m 3m 1m 1m
R1 R2
Solution 432. ∑ME = 0

5R1 + 120 = 6(60) + 40(3)(3.5)
60 kN
40 kN/m R1 = 132 kN
M = 120 kN⋅m
D ∑MB = 0
A E
B C 5R2 + 60(1) = 40(3)(1.5) + 120
1m 3m 1m 1m R2 = 48 kN
R1 = 132 kN R2 = 48 kN
Load Diagram To draw the Shear Diagram
(1) VA = –60 kN
VB = –60 + 0 = –60 kN
VB2 = VB + R1 = –60 + 132 = 72 kN
72 kN (3) VC = VB2 + Area in load diagram
VC = 72 – 3(40) = –48 kN
VD = –48 + 0 = –48 kN
(5) VE = VD + Area in load diagram
VE = –48 + 0 = –48 kN
x = 1.8 m VE2 = VE + R2 = –48 + 48 = 0
–48 kN
–60 kN (6) Solving for x:
Shear Diagram
x / 72 = (3 – x) / 48
48x = 216 – 72x
x = 1.8 m

48 kN⋅m (1) MA = 0
MB = 0 – 60(1) = –60 kN⋅m
4.8 kN⋅m (3) Mx = MB + Area in shear diagram
MX = –60 + ½ (1.8)(72) = 4.8 kN⋅m
(4) MC = MX + Area in shear diagram
–24 kN⋅m
MC = 4.8 – ½ (3 – 1.8)(48) = –24 kN⋅m
–60 kN⋅m MD = –24 – ½ (24 + 72)(1) = –72 kN⋅m
–72 kN⋅m MD2 = –72 + 120 = 48 kN⋅m
(6) ME = MD2 + Area in shear diagram
Moment Diagram ME = 48 – 48(1) = 0
(7) The location of zero moment on
segment BC can be determined using
the squared property of parabola. See
the solution of Problem 434.
Chapter 04 205
Problem 433. Overhang beam loaded by a force and a couple as
shown in Fig. P-433.
750 lb
Figure P-433
3000 lb⋅ft
2 ft 3 ft 2 ft
R1 R2

5R1 + 2(750) = 3000
R1 = 300 lb
750 lb
∑MA = 0
3000 lb⋅ft
5R2 + 3000 = 7(750)
Load
Diagram
R2 = 450 lb
A B C D
2 ft 3 ft 2 ft
R1 = 300 lb R2 = 450 lb To draw the Shear Diagram
(1) VA = R1 = 300 lb
750 lb (2) VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 300 + 0 = 300 lb
300 lb VC = 300 + 0 = 300 lb
Shear VC2 = VC + R2 = 300 + 450 = 750 lb
Diagram (5) VD = VC2 + Area in load diagram
VD = 750 + 0 = 750
VD2 = VD – 750 = 750 – 750 = 0
600 lb⋅ft
(1) MA = 0
Moment (2) MB = VA + Area in shear diagram
Diagram MB = 0 + 300(2) = 600 lb⋅ft
MB2 = VB – 3000
MB2 = 600 – 3000 = –2400 lb⋅ft
–1500 lb⋅ft (3) MC = MB2 + Area in shear diagram
MC = –2400 + 300(3) = –1500 lb⋅ft
–2400 lb⋅ft MD = –1500 + 750(2) = 0
60 kN
20 kN/m
Figure P-434
M = 120 kN⋅m
2m 2m 2m 2m
R1 R2
Solution 434. ∑ME = 0

6R1 + 120 = 20(4)(6) + 60(4)
60 kN
20 kN/m R1 = 100 kN
M = 120 kN⋅m
∑MB = 0
A B C D E 6R2 = 20(4)(0) + 60(2) + 120
2m 2m 2m 2m
R2 = 40 kN
R1 = 100 kN R2 = 40 kN
Load Diagram (1) VA = 0
VB = 0 – 20(2) = –40 kN
VB2 = VB + R1 = –40 + 100 = 60 kN
60 kN VC = 60 – 20(2) = 20 kN
VC2 = VC – 60 = 20 – 60 = –40 kN
20 kN
VD = –40 + 0 = –40 kN
(5) VE = VD + Area in load diagram
VE = –40 + 0 = –40 kN
–40 kN VE2 = VE + R2 = –40 + 40 = 0
–40 kN
Shear Diagram
(1) MA = 0
MB = 0 – ½ (40)(2) = –40 kN⋅m
3–x MC = –40 + ½ (60 + 20)(2) = 40 kN⋅m
80 kN⋅m (4) MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
1m MD = 40 – 40(2) = –40 kN⋅m
C’ MD2 = MD + M = –40 + 120 = 80 kN⋅m
40 kN⋅m 50 kN⋅m (5) ME = MD2 + Area in shear diagram
ME = 80 – 40(2) = 0
x
(6) Moment curve BC is a downward parabola
with vertex at C’. C’ is the location of zero
shear for segment BC.
1m (7) Location of zero moment at segment BC:
By squared property of parabola:
–40 kN⋅m –40 kN⋅m
(3 – x)2 / 50 = 32 / (50 + 40)
Moment Diagram 3 – x = 2.236
x = 0.764 m from B
Chapter 04 207
Problem 435. Beam loaded and supported as shown in Fig. P-435.
20 kN 40 kN
10 kN/m
Figure P-435 1m 2m
2m 2m 1m wo
R1
Solution 435. ∑MB = 0

2wo (5) = 10(4)(0) + 20(2) + 40(3)
20 kN
40 kN wo = 16 kN/m
10 kN/m 1m 2m
F ∑Mmidpoint of EF = 0
5R1 = 10(4)(5) + 20(3) + 40(2)
A B C D E
R1 = 68 kN
2m 2m 1m wo = 16 kN/m
R1 = 68 kN To draw the Shear Diagram
Load Diagram (1) MA = 0
(2) MB = MA + Area in load diagram
MB = 0 – 10(2) = –20 kN
MB2 + MB + R1 = –20 + 68 = 48 kN
2.8 m (3) MC = MB2 + Area in load diagram
48 kN MC = 48 – 10(2) = 28 kN
28 kN MC2 = MC – 20 = 28 – 20 = 8 kN
(4) MD = MC2 + Area in load diagram
8 kN MD = 8 + 0 = 8 kN
MD2 = MD – 40 = 8 – 40 = –32 kN
(5) ME = MD2 + Area in load diagram
ME = –32 + 0 = –32 kN
–20 kN (6) MF = ME + Area in load diagram
MF = –32 + wo(2)
–32 kN MF = –32 + 16(2) = 0
Shear Diagram
(1) MA = 0
C’ (2) MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
95.2 kN⋅m MB = 0 – ½ (20)(2) = –20 kN⋅m
MC = –20 + ½ (48 + 28)(2)
64 kN⋅m
MC = 56 kN⋅m
56 kN⋅m
32 kN⋅m MD = 56 + 8(1) = 64 kN⋅m
x (5) ME = MD + Area in shear diagram
ME = 64 – 32(1) = 32 kN⋅m
(6) MF = ME + Area in shear diagram
MF = 32 – ½ (32)(2) = 0
(7) The location and magnitude of moment
–20 kN⋅m at C’ are determined from shear
Moment Diagram diagram. By squared property of
parabola, x = 0.44 m from B.
Problem 436. A distributed load is supported by two distributed

reactions as shown in Fig. P-436.
440 lb/ft
Figure P-436
4 ft 2 ft
8 ft
R1 = w1 lb/ft R2 = w2 lb/ft
Solution 436. ∑Mmidpoint of CD = 0

440 lb/ft
4w1 (11) = 440(8)(5)
w1 = 400 lb/ft
4 ft 2 ft
A D
B 8 ft C ∑Mmidpoint of AB = 0
2w2 (11) = 440(8)(6)
R1 = 400 lb/ft R2 = 960 lb/ft
Load Diagram
w2 = 960 lb/ft

1600 lb (1) VA = 0
VB = 0 + 400(4) = 1600 lb
VC = 1600 – 440(8) = –1920 lb
x = 3.636 ft VD = –1920 + 960(2) = 0
(5) Location of zero shear:
x / 1600 = (8 – x) / 1920
–1920 lb x = 40/11 ft = 3.636 ft from B
Shear Diagram
(1) MA = 0
6109.1 lb⋅ft MB = 0 + ½ (1600)(4) = 3200 lb⋅ft
(3) Mx = MB + Area in shear diagram
Mx = 3200 + ½ (1600)(40/11)
3200 lb⋅ft Mx = 6109.1 lb⋅ft
(4) MC = Mx + Area in shear diagram
1920 lb⋅ft MC = 6109.1 – ½ (8 – 40/11)(1920)
MC = 1920 lb⋅ft
Moment Diagram MD = 1920 – ½ (1920)(2) = 0
Chapter 04 209
Problem 437. Cantilever beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-437
1000 lb 400 lb/ft
2 ft 2 ft 4 ft
500 lb
Figure P-437
Solution 437.
1000 lb 400 lb/ft

(1) VA = –1000 lb
Load VB = VA + Area in load diagram
A B C D Diagram VB = –1000 + 0 = –1000 lb
VB2 = VB + 500 = –1000 + 500
2 ft 2 ft 4 ft VB2 = –500 lb
500 lb (2) VC = VB2 + Area in load diagram
VC = –500 + 0 = –500 lb
Shear VD = –500 – 400(4) = –2100 lb
Diagram
–500 lb To draw the Moment Diagram
(1) MA = 0
–1000 lb (2) MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 – 1000(2) = –2000 lb⋅ft
–2100 lb MC = –2000 – 500(2) = –3000 lb⋅ft
MD = –3000 – ½ (500 + 2100)(4)
Moment MD = –8200 lb⋅ft
Diagram
–2000 lb⋅ft
–3000 lb⋅ft
–8200 lb⋅ft
Problem 438. The beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-438 consists of

two segments joined by a frictionless hinge at which
the bending moment is zero.
200 lb/ft
Figure P-438
Hinge
2 ft 4 ft 2 ft
R1
Solution 438. 200 lb/ft
200 lb/ft
A B H
2 ft 4 ft
A B H C R1
2 ft 4 ft 2 ft
R1 = 900 lb ∑MH = 0
Load Diagram 4R1 = 200(6)(3)
R1 = 900 lb
500 lb
(1) VA = 0
VB = 0 – 200(2) = –400 lb
x = 2.5 ft VB2 = VB + R1 = –400 + 900 = 500 lb
–300 lb (3) VH = VB2 + Area in load diagram
–400 lb VH = 500 – 200(4) = –300 lb
Shear Diagram (4) VC = VH + Area in load diagram
–700 lb
VC = –300 – 200(2) = –700 lb
1.0 ft x / 500 = (4 – x) / 300
225 lb⋅ft 300x = 2000 – 500x
x = 2.5 ft

(1) MA = 0
–400 lb⋅ft MB = 0 – ½ (400)(2) = –400 lb⋅ft
(3) Mx = MB + Area in load diagram
Moment Diagram –1000 lb⋅ft Mx = –400 + ½ (500)(2.5)
Mx = 225 lb⋅ft
(4) MH = Mx + Area in load diagram
MH = 225 – ½ (300)(4 – 2.5) = 0 ok!
(5) MC = MH + Area in load diagram
MC = 0 – ½ (300 + 700)(2)
MC = –1000 lb⋅ft
(6) The location of zero moment in segment
BH can easily be found by symmetry.
Chapter 04 211
Problem 439. A beam supported on three reactions as shown in Fig.
P-439 consists of two segments joined by frictionless
hinge at which the bending moment is zero.
4000 lb 400 lb/ft

Figure P-439
Hinge
4 ft 4 ft 4 ft 10 ft
R1 R2 R3
Solution 439.
4000 lb
4000 lb 400 lb/ft
Hinge
Hinge H
A B
A B H C D VH
4 ft 4 ft
4 ft 4 ft 4 ft 10 ft R1
R1 = 2000 lb R2 = 4800 lb R3 = 1200 lb
Load Diagram ∑MH = 0 ∑MA = 0
8R1 = 4000(4) 8VH = 4000(4)
2800 lb R1 = 2000 lb VH = 2000 lb
2000 lb
VH = 2000 lb 400 lb/ft
Hinge
–1200 lb H C D
–2000 lb x = 7 ft
4 ft 10 ft
Shear Diagram R2 R3
3 ft ∑MD = 0
8000 lb ft⋅ 10R2 = 2000(14) + 400(10)(5)
Moment Diagram R2 = 4800 lb
1800 lb⋅ft
∑MH = 0
14R3 + 4(4800) = 400(10)(9)
R3 = 1200 lb
–8000 lb⋅ft
To draw the Shear Diagram (5) Location of zero shear: (3) MH = 8000 – 4000(2) = 0
(1) VA = 0 x / 2800 = (10 – x) / 1200 (4) MC = –400(2)
(2) VB = 2000 lb 1200x = 28000 – 2800x MC = –8000 lb⋅ft
VB2 = 2000 – 4000 = –2000 lb x = 7 ft (5) Mx = –800 + ½(2800)(7)
(3) VH = –2000 lb Mx = 1800 lb⋅ft
(3) VC = –2000 lb To draw the Moment Diagram (6) MD = 1800 – ½(1200)(3)
VC = –2000 + 4800 = 2800 lb (1) MA = 0 MD = 0
(4) VD = 2800 – 400(10) = –1200 lb (2) MB = 2000(4) = 8000 lb⋅ft (7) Zero M is 4 ft from R2
Problem 440. A frame ABCD, with rigid corners at B and C,

supports the concentrated load as shown in Fig. P-
440. (Draw shear and moment diagrams for each of
the three parts of the frame.)
Copyright © 2011 Mathalino.com L
All rights reserved. C D

doing so, you are inderictly L/2
P
free contents. Thank you for your
support. Figure P-440
B L/2 A
Solution 440.
Member AB Member BC
P P
PL/2
C PL/2
Moment Diagram
Shear Diagram
Load Diagram
B L/2 A
– PL/2
P
Load Diagram L/2
0
P
B
PL/2
Shear Diagram P
Member CD
P
C L D
–PL/2
Moment Diagram
PL/2 Load Diagram
Shear
Diagram
–P
PL/2
Moment
Diagram
–PL/2
Chapter 04 213
Problem 441. A beam ABCD is supported by a roller at A and a
hinge at D. It is subjected to the loads shown in Fig.
P-441, which act at the ends of the vertical members
BE and CF. These vertical members are rigidly
attached to the beam at B and C. (Draw shear and
moment diagrams for the beam ABCD only.)
10 kN
4
3
Figure P-441 F
2m
2m 2m 2m
A B C D
2m
14 kN
E
Solution 441. 10 kN
FBH = 14 kN to the right
5
MB = 14(2)
4
F
3 MB = 28 kN⋅m counterclockwise
2m FCH = 3/5 (10)

2m 2m 2m FCH = 6 kN to the right
A B C D FCV = 4/5 (10)
FCV = 8 kN upward
MC = FCH (2) = 6(2)
2m MC = 12 kN⋅m clockwise
14 kN
E ∑MD = 0
6RA + 12 + 8(2) = 28
RA = 0
8 kN
2m 2m 2m
∑MA = 0
A 14 kN B 6 kN C D RDH = 20 kN 6RDV + 12 = 28 + 8(4)
RDV = 8 kN
28 kN⋅m 12 kN⋅m ∑FH = 0
RDH = 14 + 6
RA = 0 RDV = 8 kN
RDH = 20 kN
8 kN
2m 2m 2m
A 14 kN B 6 kN C D RDH = 20 kN
28 kN⋅m 12 kN⋅m To draw the Shear Diagram

(1) Shear in segments AB and BC is
RA = 0 Load Diagram RDV = 8 kN zero.
(2) VC = 8
8 kN VD = 8 + 0 = 8 kN
VD2 = VD – RDV
VD2 = 8 – 8 = 0
Shear Diagram To draw the Moment Diagram

(1) Moment in segment AB is zero
(2) MB = –28 kN⋅m
MC = –28 + 0 = –28 kN⋅m
MC2 = MC + 12 = –28 + 12
–16 kN⋅m MC2 = –16 kN⋅m
(4) MD = MC2 + Area in shear diagram
–28 kN⋅m MD = –16 + 8(2)
MD = 0
Moment Diagram
Problem 442. Beam carrying the uniformly varying load shown in

Fig. P-442.
Figure P-442
wO
L
R1 R2
Solution 442. ∑MR2 = 0

LR1 = 13 L ( 21 Lwo)
½ Lwo 1
R1 = 6 Lwo
2/3 L 1/3 L
wo ∑MR1 = 0
LR2 = 23 L ( 21 Lwo)
1
L R2 = 3 Lwo
R1 R2
Chapter 04 215
wo To draw the Shear Diagram

(1) VA = R1 = 1/6 Lwo
A B (2) VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 1/6 Lwo – 1/2 Lwo
L VB = –1/3 Lwo
R1 = 1/6 Lwo R2 = 1/3 Lwo (3) Location of zero shear C:
Load Diagram By squared property of parabola:
1/6 Lwo x2 / (1/6 Lwo) = L2 / (1/6 Lwo + 1/3 Lwo)
6x2 = 2L2
x = L / √3
(4) The shear in AB is a parabola with vertex at A,
C the starting point of uniformly varying load.
x = L / √3 The load in AB is 0 at A to downward wo or –
wo at B, thus the slope of shear diagram is
Shear Diagram decreasing. For decreasing slope, the
parabola is open downward.
–1/3 Lwo To draw the Moment Diagram

2
(1) MA = 0
Mmax = 0.06415L wo (2) MC = MA + Area in shear diagram
MC = 0 + 2/3 (L/√3)(1/6 Lwo)
MC = 0.06415L2wo = Mmax
(3) MB = MC + Area in shear diagram
MB = MC – A1 see figure for solving A1
For A1:
Moment Diagram A1 = 1/3 L(1/6 Lwo + 1/3 Lwo)
– 1/3 (L/√3)(1/6 Lwo)
– 1/6 Lwo (L – L/√3)
1/6 Lwo
A1 = 0.16667L2wo – 0.03208L2wo
– 0.07044L2wo
A1 = 0.06415L2wo
MB = 0.06415L2wo – 0.06415L2wo = 0
L / √3 A1 (4) The shear diagram is second degree curve,
thus the moment diagram is a third degree
curve. The maximum moment (highest point)
occurred at C, the location of zero shear. The
Figure for solving A1
value of shears in AC is positive then the
–1/3 Lwo moment in AC is increasing; at CB the shear is
negative, then the moment in CB is
decreasing.
Problem 443. Beam carrying the triangular loads shown in Fig. P-

443.
wO
Figure P-443
L/2 L/2
R1 R2
Solution 443. By symmetry:

R1 = R2 = 21 ( 12 Lw o )
wO 1
R1 = R2 = 4 Lwo

(1) VA = R1 = ¼ Lwo
A B C (2) VB = VA + Area in load diagram
L/2 L/2 VB = ¼ Lwo – ½ (L/2)(wo) = 0
R1 = ¼ Lwo R2 = ¼ Lwo
VC = 0 – ½ (L/2)(wo) = –¼ Lwo
Load Diagram (4) Load in AB is linear, thus, VAB is second degree or
1
Lw o parabolic curve. The load is from 0 at A to wo (wo is
4
downward or –wo) at B, thus the slope of VAB is
decreasing.
(5) VBC is also parabolic since the load in BC is linear.
The magnitude of load in BC is from –wo to 0 or
increasing, thus the slope of VBC is increasing.

Shear Diagram − 1
4
Lw o (1) MA = 0
1 2 MB = 0 + 2/3 (L/2)(1/4 Lwo) = 1/12 Lwo
L wo
12 (3) MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
MC = 1/12 Lwo – 2/3 (L/2)(1/4 Lwo) = 0
(4) MAC is third degree because the shear diagram in AC
is second degree.
(5) The shear from A to C is decreasing, thus the slope
Moment Diagram of moment diagram from A to C is decreasing.
Figure P-444
wo wo
L/2 L/2
R1 R2
Solution 444. Total load

= 2[ 21 (L/2)(wo)]
1
= 2
Lwo
By symmetry
R1 = R2 = 1
2
× total load
1
R1 = R2 = 4 Lwo
Chapter 04 217

wo wo
(1) VA = R1 = ¼ Lwo
A C VB = ¼ Lwo – ½ (L/2)(wo) = 0
B
L/2 L/2 (3) VC = VB + Area in load diagram
VC = 0 – ½ (L/2)(wo) = –¼ Lwo
R1 = ¼ Lwo R2 = ¼ Lwo (4) The shear diagram in AB is second degree
Load Diagram curve. The shear in AB is from –wo
1 (downward wo) to zero or increasing, thus,
4
Lw o the slope of shear at AB is increasing (upward
parabola).
(5) The shear diagram in BC is second degree
curve. The shear in BC is from zero to –wo
(downward wo) or decreasing, thus, the slope
of shear at BC is decreasing (downward
parabola)
Shear Diagram − 1
Lw o
4 To draw the Moment Diagram
(1) MA = 0
1 2 (2) MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
24
L wo MB = 0 + 1/3 (L/2)(¼ Lwo) = 1/24 L2wo
MC = 1/24 L2wo – 1/3 (L/2)(¼ Lwo) = 0
(4) The shear diagram from A to C is decreasing,
thus, the moment diagram is a concave
downward third degree curve.
Moment Diagram
Problem 445. Beam carrying the loads shown in Fig. P-445.

80 kN/m
Figure P-445
20 kN/m
1m 3m 1m
R1 R2
Solution 445. ∑MR2 = 0

5R1 = 80(3) + 90(2)
F2 = 90 kN 1m R1 = 84 kN
2m
F1 = 80 kN
60 kN/m ∑MR1 = 0
20 kN/m 5R2 = 80(2) + 90(3)
R2 = 86 kN
1m 3m 1m
R1 R2 Checking
R1 + R2 = F1 + F2 ok!
y 80 kN/m To draw the Shear Diagram

(1) VA = R1 = 84 kN
20 kN/m (2) VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 84 – 20(1) = 64 kN
A B C D (3) VC = VB + Area in load diagram
3m VC = 64 – ½ (20 + 80)(3) = –86 kN
1m 1m (4) VD = VC + Area in load diagram
R1 = 84 kN R2 = 86 kN VD = –86 + 0 = –86 kN
Load Diagram VD2 = VD + R2 = –86 + 86 = 0
84 kN From the load diagram:
y / (x + 1) = 80 / 4
64 kN y = 20(x + 1)
z VE = VB + Area in load diagram
E
0 = 64 – ½ (20 + y)x
(20 + y)x = 128
x =1.72 m [20 + 20(x + 1)]x = 128
20x2 + 40x – 128 = 0
Shear Diagram –86 kN 5x2 + 10x – 32 = 0
x = 1.72 and –3.72
use x = 1.72 m from B
(5) By squared property of parabola:
z / (1 + x)2 = (z + 86) / 42
16z = 7.3984z + 636.2624
137.5 kN⋅m 8.6016z = 254.4224
74 kN⋅m z = 73.97 kN
3rd deg 86 kN⋅m
nd
2 deg To draw the Moment Diagram
1st deg (1) MA = 0
Moment Diagram MB = 0 + ½ (84 + 64)(1) = 74 kN⋅m
(3) ME = MB + Area in shear diagram
ME = 74 + A1 see figure for A1 and A2
For A1:
A1 = 2/3 (1 + 1.72)(73.97) – 64(1)
– 2/3 (1)(9.97)
4m A1 = 63.5
9.97 ME = 74 + 63.5 = 137.5 kN⋅m
(4) MC = ME + Area in shear diagram
73.97 64 A1 1.28 m MC = ME – A2
1m 1.72 m For A2:
A2 A2 = 1/3 (4)(73.97 + 86)
86 – 1/3 (1 + 1.72)(73.97)
– 1.28(73.97)
Figure for solving A1 and A2 A2 = 51.5
MC = 137.5 – 51.5 = 86 kN⋅m
MD = 86 – 86(1) = 0
Chapter 04 219
Problem 446. Beam loaded and supported as shown in Fig. P-446.
50 kN 4m 50 kN
Figure P-446 20 kN/m
1m 1m
Solution 446. ∑FV = 0

4wo + 2[ 21 wo(1)] = 20(4) + 2(50)
5wo = 180
50 kN 4m 50 kN wo = 36 kN/m
20 kN/m
1m 1m To draw the Shear Diagram
B C (1) VA = 0
A D (2) VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 0 + ½ (36)(1) = 18 kN
wo = 36 kN/m VB2 = VB – 50 = 18 – 50
VB2 = –32 kN
(3) The net uniformly distributed load in
Load Diagram segment BC is 36 – 20 = 16 kN/m
upward.
32 kN VC = VB2 + Area in load diagram
VC = –32 + 16(4) = 32 kN
18 kN VC2 = VC – 50 = 32 – 50
VC2 = –18 kN
VD = –18 + ½ (36)(1) = 0
–18 kN (5) The shape of shear at AB and CD are
parabolic spandrel with vertex at A and D,
–32 kN respectively.
(6) The location of zero shear is obviously at
Shear Diagram the midspan or 2 m from B.

6 Kn⋅m 6 Kn⋅m (1) MA = 0
MB = 0 + 1/3 (1)(18)
MB = 6 kN⋅m
(3) Mmidspan = MB + Area in shear diagram
Mmidspan = 6 – ½ (32)(2)
Mmidspan = –26 kN⋅m
(4) MC = Mmidspan + Area in shear diagram
–26 kN⋅m
MC = –26 + ½ (32)(2)
Moment Diagram MC = 6 kN⋅m
MD = 6 – 1/3 (1)(18) = 0
(6) The moment diagram at AB and CD are 3rd
degree curve while at BC is 2nd degree
curve.
INSTRUCTION: In the following problems, draw moment and load

diagrams corresponding to the given shear diagrams.
Specify values at all change of load positions and at
all points of zero shear.
Problem 447. Shear diagram as shown in Fig. P-447.

V (lb)
2 3 2 2
Figure P-447 2400
1000
400
x (ft)
Solution 447.
–4000
2000 lb 4400 lb 1000 lb
To draw the Load Diagram

(1) A 2400 lb upward force is acting at
point A. No load in segment AB.
(2) A point force of 2400 – 400 = 2000
2 ft 3 ft 2 ft 2 ft lb is acting downward at point B.
No load in segment BC.
R1 = 2400 lb R2 = 5000 lb (3) Another downward force of
Load Diagram magnitude 400 + 4000 = 4400 lb
at point C. No load in segment CD.
2400 lb (4) Upward point force of 4000 + 1000
= 5000 lb is acting at D. No load
1000 lb in segment DE.
400 lb
(5) A downward force of 1000 lb is
A B C D E concentrated at point E.

(1) MA = 0
–4000 lb MB = 0 + 2400(2) = 4800 lb⋅ft
Given Shear Diagram MAB is linear and upward
MC = 4800 + 400(3) = 6000 lb⋅ft
MBC is linear and upward
6000 lb⋅ft (4) MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
4800 lb⋅ft MD = 6000 – 4000(2) = –2000 lb⋅ft
MCD is linear and downward
ME = –2000 + 1000(2) = 0
MDE is linear and upward
–2000 lb⋅ft
Moment Diagram
Chapter 04 221
V
Figure P-448 (kN) 2 1 1.6 2.4 2
36
16 20
x (m)
–24
–40
Solution 448.
20 kN/m 20 kN
10 kN/m
(1) A uniformly distributed load in AB is acting
downward at a magnitude of 40/2 = 20
kN/m.
(2) Upward concentrated force of 40 + 36 =
2m 1m 4m 2m 76 kN acts at B. No load in segment BC.
R1 = 76 kN R2 = 44 kN (3) A downward point force acts at C at a
magnitude of 36 – 16 = 20 kN.
Load Diagram
(4) Downward uniformly distributed load in CD
has a magnitude of (16 + 24)/4 = 10 kN/m
1.6 m 2.4 m & causes zero shear at point F, 1.6 m from
C.
36 kN (5) Another upward concentrated force acts at
16 kN D at a magnitude of 20 + 24 = 44 kN.
20 kN
(6) The load in segment DE is uniform and
B F
A downward at 20/2 = 10 kN/m.
C D E
–24 kN To draw the Moment Diagram
(1) MA = 0
–40 kN (2) MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 – ½ (40)(2) = –40 kN⋅m
Given Shear Diagram MAB is downward parabola with vertex at A.
MC = –40 + 36(1) = –4 kN⋅m
MBC is linear and upward
(4) MF = MC + Area in shear diagram
8.8 kN⋅m
MF = –4 + ½ (16)(1.6) = 8.8 kN⋅m
(5) MD = MF + Area in shear diagram
–4 kN⋅m MD = 8.8 – ½ (24)(2.4) = –20 kN⋅m
MCD is downward parabola with vertex at F.
–20 kN⋅m (6) ME = MD + Area in shear diagram
–40 kN⋅m ME = –20 + ½ (20)(2) = 0
MDE is downward parabola with vertex at E.
Moment Diagram
3 2 3 4 8
Figure P-449 V
(lb) 3700
1700
x (ft)
–3100
–4000
Solution 449.
4000 lb 2000 lb 600 lb/ft

(1) Downward 4000 lb force is concentrated at
A and no load in segment AB.
A B C D E F (2) The shear in BC is uniformly increasing,
thus a uniform upward force is acting at a
3850 lb/ft magnitude of (3700 + 4000)/2 = 3850
3100 lb lb/ft. No load in segment CD.
(3) Another point force acting downward with
3 ft 2 ft 3 ft 4 ft 8 ft
3700 – 1700 = 1200 lb at D and no load in
segment DE.
Load Diagram
(4) The shear in EF is uniformly decreasing,
thus a uniform downward force is acting
with magnitude of (1700 + 3100)/8 = 600
80/77 ft
lb/ft.
(5) Upward force of 3100 lb is concentrated at
3700 lb
31/6 ft end of span F.
1700 lb
G H
(1) The locations of zero shear (points G and
H) can be easily determined by ratio and
proportion of triangle.
17/6 ft –3100 lb (2) MA = 0
–4000 lb 74/77 ft (3) MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 – 4000(3) = –12,000 lb⋅ft
Given Shear Diagram (4) MG = MB + Area in shear diagram
MG = –12,000 – ½ (80/77)(4000)
MG = –14,077.92 lb⋅ft
(5) MC = MG + Area in shear diagram
8,008.33 lb⋅ft
5,600 lb⋅ft MC = –14,077.92 + ½ (74/77)(3700)
MC = –12,300 lb⋅ft
MD = –12,300 + 3700(3) = –1200 lb⋅ft
–1,200 lb⋅ft (7) ME = MD + Area in shear diagram
ME = –1200 + 1700(4) = 5600 lb⋅ft
(8) MH = ME + Area in shear diagram
MH = 5600 + ½ (17/6)(1700)
–12,000 lb⋅ft –12,300 lb⋅ft MH = 8,008.33 lb⋅ft
–14,077.92 lb⋅ft (9) MF = MH + Area in shear diagram
MF = 8,008.33 – ½ (31/6)(3100) = 0
Moment Diagram
Chapter 04 223
4 2 4 4 4
V
Figure P-450 (lb) 900
480
x (ft)
–900
–1380
Solution 450. Solution
900 lb
900 lb 120 lb/ft (1) The shear diagram in AB is uniformly upward,
thus the load is uniformly distributed upward at
a magnitude of 900/4 = 225 lb/ft. No load in
A segment BC.
B C D E F
(2) A downward point force acts at point C with
1860 lb magnitude of 900 lb. No load in segment CD.
225 lb/ft (3) Another concentrated force is acting downward
at D with a magnitude of 900 lb.
4 ft 2 ft 4 ft 4 ft 4 ft (4) The load in DE is uniformly distributed
Load Diagram downward at a magnitude of (1380 – 900)/4 =
120 lb/ft.
(5) An upward load is concentrated at E with
magnitude of 480 + 1380 = 1860 lb.
900 lb (6) 480/4 = 120 lb/ft is distributed uniformly over
the span EF.
480 lb
(1) MA = 0
G (2) MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 + ½ (4)(900) = 1800 lb⋅ft
–900 lb MC = 1800 + 900(2) = 3600 lb⋅ft
–1380 lb
MD = 3600 + 0 = 3600 lb⋅ft
Given Shear Diagram (5) ME = MD + Area in shear diagram
ME = 3600 – ½ (900 + 1380)(4)
ME = –960 lb⋅ft
(6) MF = ME + Area in shear diagram
3600 lb⋅ft MF = –960 + ½ (480)(4) = 0
(7) The shape of moment diagram in AB is upward
1800 lb⋅ft parabola with vertex at A, while linear in BC and
horizontal in CD. For segment DE, the diagram
is downward parabola with vertex at G. G is the
point where the extended shear in DE intersects
the line of zero shear.
–960 lb⋅ft (8) The moment diagram in EF is a downward
Moment Diagram parabola with vertex at F.
V
Figure P-451 (kN)
10
2nd-degree curve
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3 1 1 2
Solution 451.
8 kN/m
6 kN To draw the Load Diagram
(1) Upward concentrated load at A is 10 kN.
(2) The shear in AB is a 2nd-degree curve, thus
A the load in AB is uniformly varying. In this
E
B C D case, it is zero at A to 2(10 + 2)/3 = 8 kN at
B. No load in segment BC.
10 kN 4 kN/m (3) A downward point force is acting at C in a
3m 1m 1m 2m magnitude of 8 – 2 = 6 kN.
(4) The shear in DE is uniformly increasing, thus
Load Diagram
the load in DE is uniformly distributed and
upward. This load is spread over DE at a
10 kN magnitude of 8/2 = 4 kN/m.

(1) To find the location of zero shear, F:
x2/10 = 32/(10 + 2)
F x = 2.74 m
–2 kN (2) MA = 0
x = 2.74 m (3) MF = MA + Area in shear diagram
MF = 0 + 2/3 (2.74)(10) = 18.26 kN⋅m
–8 kN
(4) MB = MF + Area in shear diagram
Given Shear Diagram MB = 18.26 – [1/3 (10 + 2)(3)
– 1/3 (2.74)(10) – 10(3 – 2.74)]
MB = 18 kN⋅m
MC = 18 – 2(1) = 16 kN⋅m
18.26 kN⋅m 18 kN⋅m (6) MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
16 kN⋅m MD = 16 – 8(1) = 8 kN⋅m
8 kN⋅m
ME = 8 – ½ (2)(8) = 0
(8) The moment diagram in AB is a second
Moment Diagram degree curve, at BC and CD are linear and
downward. For segment DE, the moment
diagram is parabola open upward with vertex
at E.
Chapter 04 225
MOVING LOADS From the previous section, we see that the maximum
Copyright © 2011 Mathalino.com moment occurs at a point of zero shears. For beams
All rights reserved. loaded with concentrated loads, the point of zero
shears usually occurs under a concentrated load and
from www.mathalino.com. In so the maximum moment.
free contents. Thank you for your Beams and girders such as in a bridge or an overhead
support.
crane are subject to moving concentrated loads,
which are at fixed distance with each other. The
problem here is to determine the moment under each
load when each load is in a position to cause a
maximum moment. The largest value of these
moments governs the design of the beam.
SINGLE MOVING LOAD

For a single moving load, the maximum moment
occurs when the load is at the midspan and the
maximum shear occurs when the load is very near the
support (usually assumed to lie over the support).
P Position for P Position for

maximum maximum
shear moment
L/2 L/2
PL
Mmax = and Vmax = P
4
TWO MOVING LOADS

For two moving loads, the maximum shear occurs at
the reaction when the larger load is over that support.
The maximum moment is given by
Pb Ps
Pb > Ps d
L
( PL − Ps d ) 2
Mmax =
4 PL
where Ps is the smaller load, Pb is the bigger load, and

P is the total load (P = Ps + Pb).
THREE OR MORE MOVING LOADS

In general, the bending moment under a particular
load is a maximum when the center of the beam is
midway between that load and the resultant of all the
loads then on the span. With this rule, we compute
the maximum moment under each load, and use the
biggest of the moments for the design. Usually, the
biggest of these moments occurs under the biggest
load.
The maximum shear occurs at the reaction where the

resultant load is nearest. Usually, it happens if the
biggest load is over that support and as many a
possible of the remaining loads are still on the span.
In determining the largest moment and shear, it is

sometimes necessary to check the condition when the
bigger loads are on the span and the rest of the
smaller loads are outside.
SOLVED PROBLEMS
Problem 453. A truck with axle loads of 40 kN and 60 kN on a

wheel base of 5 m rolls across a 10-m span. Compute
the maximum bending moment and the maximum
shearing force.
Solution 453. R = 40 + 60 = 100 kN R

40 kN 60 kN
5–x x
xR = 40(5)
x = 200/R
x = 200/100
5m
x=2m
Chapter 04 227
For maximum moment under 40 kN wheel:
∑MR2 = 0
R = 100 kN
60 kN 10R1 = 3.5(100)
40 kN
3m 2m R1 = 35 kN
CL
MTo the left of 40 kN = 3.5R1
MTo the left of 40 kN = 3.5(35)
R1 3.5 m 1.5 m 3.5 m R2 MTo the left of 40 kN = 122.5 kN⋅m
10 m
For maximum moment under 60 kN wheel:

R = 100 kN ∑MR1 = 0
40 kN 60 kN 10R2 = 4(100)
3m 2m R2 = 40 kN
CL
MTo the right of 60 kN = 4R2
MTo the right of 60 kN = 4(40)
R1 4m 1m 4m R2 MTo the right of 60 kN = 160 kN⋅m
10 m
Thus, Mmax = 160 kN⋅⋅m
R = 100 kN The maximum shear will occur

60 kN
40 kN when the 60 kN is over a support.
3m 2m
∑MR1 = 0
10R2 = 100(8)
R2 = 80 kN
R1 8m R2
Thus, Vmax = 80 kN
Problem 454. Repeat Prob. 453 using axle loads of 30 kN and 50 kN

on a wheel base of 4 m crossing an 8-m span.
Solution 454. R = 30 + 50 = 80 kN R
4–x x 50 kN
30 kN
xR = 4(30)
x = 120/R
x = 120/80
x = 1.5 m 4m
Maximum moment under 30 kN wheel:

R = 80 kN
1.5 m 50 kN ∑MR2 = 0
30 kN 2.5 m
8R1 = 2.75(80)
CL R1 = 27.5 kN

2.75 m 1.25 m 2.75 m MTo the left of 30 kN = 2.75(27.5)
R1 R2
MTo the left of 30 kN = 75.625 kN⋅m
8m
Maximum moment under 50 kN wheel:

R = 80 kN ∑MR1 = 0
1.5 m 50 kN 8R2 = 3.25(80)
30 kN 2.5 m
R2 = 32.5 kN
CL
MTo the right of 50 kN = 3.25R2
MTo the right of 50 kN = 3.25(32.5)
R1
3.25 m 0.75 m 3.25 m
R2 MTo the right of 50 kN = 105.625 kN⋅m
8m
Thus, Mmax = 105.625 kN⋅⋅m
R = 80 kN
1.5 m 50 kN The maximum shear will occur
30 kN 2.5 m
when the 50 kN is over a support.
∑MR1 = 0
8R2 = 6.5(80)
R2 = 65 kN
6.5 m
R1 8m R2
Thus, Vmax = 65 kN
Problem 455. A tractor weighing 3000 lb, with a wheel base of 9 ft,
carries 1800 lb of its load on the rear wheels.
Compute the maximum moment and maximum shear
when crossing a 14 ft-span.
Wr = 1800 lb R = 3000 lb
Solution 455. R = Wr + Wf x
9–x Wf
3000 = 1800 + Wf
Wf = 1200 lb
Rx = 9Wf
3000x = 9(1200)
x = 3.6 ft 9 ft
Chapter 04 229
9 – x = 5.4 ft
R = 3000 lb When the midspan is midway

Wr = 1800 lb Wf = 1200 lb between Wr and R, the front wheel
3.6 ft 5.4 ft
CL
Wf will be outside the span (see
figure). In this case, only the rear
wheel Wr = 1800 lb is the load. The
5.2 ft 1.8 ft 5.2 ft maximum moment for this condition
R1 R2
is when the load is at the midspan.
14 ft
R1 = R2 = ½ (1800)
R1 = 900 lb
Wr = 1800 lb
Maximum moment under Wr
MTo the left of rear wheel = 7R1
7 ft MTo the left of rear wheel = 7(900)
R1
14 ft
R2 MTo the left of rear wheel = 6300 lb⋅ft
Maximum moment under Wf

∑MR1 = 0
Wr = 1800 lb R = 3000 lb Wf = 1200 lb 14R2 = 4.3R
3.6’ 5.4’ 14R2 = 4.3(3000)
CL
R2 = 921.43 lb
4.3 ft 2.7 ft 4.3 ft

MTo the right of front wheel = 4.3R2
R1 R2 MTo the right of front wheel = 4.3(921.43)
14 ft
MTo the right of front wheel = 3962.1 lb⋅ft
Thus, Mmax = MTo the left of rear wheel

Thus, Mmax = 6300 lb⋅⋅ft
Wr = 1800 lb R = 3000 lb
The maximum shear will occur when the
3.6’ 5.4’ Wf = 1200 lb
rear wheel (wheel of greater load) is
directly over the support.
∑MR2 = 0
14R1 = 10.4R
10.4 ft 14R1 = 10.4(3000)
R1 R2
14 ft R1 = 2228.57 lb
Thus, Vmax = 2228.57 lb

Problem 456. Three wheel loads roll as a unit across a 44-ft span.
The loads are P1 = 4000 lb and P2 = 8000 lb separated
by 9 ft, and P3 = 6000 lb at 18 ft from P2. Determine
the maximum moment and maximum shear in the
simply supported span.
x
Solution 456. R = P1 + P2+ P3 P1 = 4k P2 = 8k P3 = 6k
R = 4k + 8k + 6k R
R = 18 kips
R = 18,000 lbs
xR = 9P2 + (9 + 18)P3 9’ 18’
x(18) = 9(8) + (9 + 18)(6)

x = 13 ft the resultant R is 13 ft from P1
Maximum moment under P1

x = 13’
∑MR2 = 0
P1 = 4k P2 = 8k P3 = 6k
44R1 = 15.5R
9’ 18’
44R1 = 15.5(18)
R = 18k
R1 = 6.34091 kips
CL
R1 = 6,340.91 lbs
15.5’ 6.5’ 15.5’ MTo the left of P1 = 15.5R1

R1 R2 MTo the left of P1 = 15.5(6340.91)
44’ MTo the left of P1 = 98,284.1 lb⋅ft

x = 13’ ∑MR2 = 0
P1 = 4k P2 = 8k P3 = 6k 44R1 = 20R
9’ 18’
44R1 = 20(18)
R = 18k R1 = 8.18182 kips
CL R1 = 8,181.82 lbs
20’ 2’ 20’
MTo the left of P2 = 20R1 – 9P1
R1 R2 MTo the left of P2 = 20(8,181.82)
44’ – 9(4000)
MTo the left of P2 = 127,636.4 lb⋅ft
Chapter 04 231
x = 13’ ∑R1 = 0
P1 = 4k P2 = 8k P3 = 6k 44R2 = 15R
9’ 18’ 44R2 = 15(18)
R = 18k R2 = 6.13636 kips
CL R2 = 6,136.36 lbs
MTo the right of P3 = 15R2

15’ 7’ 15’ MTo the right of P3 = 15(6,136.36)
R1 R2
44’
MTo the right of P3 = 92,045.4 lb⋅ft
Thus, Mmax = MTo the left of P2

Thus, Mmax = 127,636.4 lb⋅⋅ft
x = 13’
P1 = 4k P2 = 8k P3 = 6k The maximum shear will occur
9’ 18’ when P1 is over the support.
R = 18k ∑MR2 = 0
44R1 = 35R
44R1 = 31(18)
R1 = 12.6818 kips
31’
R1 R2
R1 = 12,681.8 lbs
44’
Thus, Vmax = 12,681.8 lbs
Problem 457. A truck and trailer combination crossing a 12-m span

has axle loads of 10, 20, and 30 kN separated
respectively by distances of 3 and 5 m. Compute the
maximum moment and maximum shear developed in
the span.
Solution 457.
R = 10 + 20 + 30
x R = 60 kN
10 kN 20 kN 30 kN
R
xR = 3(20) + 8(30)
x(60) = 3(20) + 8(30)
x=5m
3m 5m
Maximum moment under 10 kN
x=5m
10 kN 20 kN 30 kN
3m 5m
R = 60 kN
CL
3.5 m 2.5 m 3.5 m
R1 R2
12 m
∑MR2 = 0
12R1 = 3.5R
12R1 = 3.5(60)
12R1 = 210
R1 = 12.7 kN

MTo the left of 10 kN = 3.5(12.7)
MTo the left of 10 kN = 61.25 kN⋅m
Maximum moment under 20 kN
x=5m
10 kN 20 kN 30 kN
3m 5m
R = 60 kN
CL
5m 5m
1m
R1 R2
12 m
∑MR2 = 0
12R1 = 5R
12R1 = 5(60)
R1 = 25 kN
Chapter 04 233
MTo the left of 20 kN = 5R1 – 3(10)
MTo the left of 20 kN = 5(25) – 30
MTo the left of 20 kN = 95 kN⋅m
When the centerline of the beam is midway between

reaction R = 60 kN and 30 kN, the 10 kN comes off
the span.
x=3m
10 kN 20 kN 30 kN
3m 5m
R = 50 kN
CL
5m 5m
1m
R1 R2
12 m
R = 20 + 30
R = 50 kN
xR = 5(30)
x(50) = 150
x = 3 m from 20 kN
∑MR1 = 0
12R2 = 5R
12R2 = 5(50)
R2 = 20.83 kN
MTo the right of 30 kN = 5R2

MTo the right of 30 kN = 5(20.83)
MTo the right of 30 kN = 104.17 kN⋅m
Thus, the maximum moment will occur when only

the 20 and 30 kN loads are on the span.
Mmax = MTo the right of 30 kN

Mmax = 104.17 kN⋅⋅m
The maximum shear will occur when the three loads

are on the span and the 30 kN load is directly over the
support.
x=5m
10 kN 20 kN 30 kN
3m 5m
R = 60 kN
9m
12 m
R1 R2
∑MR1 = 0
12R2 = 9R
12R2 = 9(60)
R2 = 45 kN
Thus, Vmax = 45 kN
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Chapter 04

Shear & Moment in

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE BEAMS

The degree of indeterminacy is taken as the difference

Fixed or Restrained Beam

Concentrated Loads Uniform Load

Uniformly Varying Load Applied Couple

SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAM

Consider a simple beam shown of length L that

together with a couple M to hold the left portion of

The couple M is called the resisting moment or

INSTRUCTION: Write shear and moment equations for the beams in

Problem 403. Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-403.

Solution 403. From the load diagram:

Problem 404. Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-404.

Solution 404. ∑MA = 0 ∑MD = 0

Segment BC: 3 ft 2000 lb

MBC = 1900x – 2000(x – 3)

2000 lb Segment CD:

2000 lb M = 4800 lb⋅ft

To draw the Moment Diagram:

Solution 405. ∑MA = 0 ∑MC = 0

Problem 406. Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-406.

Solution 406. ∑MA = 0

Segment AB: 60 lb/ft

VAB = 670 – 60x lb A

Copyright © 2011 Mathalino.com. All rights reserved.

Problem 407. Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-407.

Figure P-407 30 kN/m

Solution 407. ∑MA = 0 ∑MD = 0

30 kN/m Segment BC:

Problem 408. Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-408.

Solution 408. ∑MA = 0 ∑MD = 0

50 kN/m Segment CD:

Shear To draw the Moment Diagram:

Problem 409. Cantilever beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-409.

Solution 409. Segment AB:

Problem 410. Cantilever beam carrying the uniformly varying load

Problem 411. Cantilever beam carrying a distributed load with

2nd degree Shear equation:

To draw the Shear Diagram: Moment equation:

Problem 412. Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-412.

800 lb/ft Segment BC:

Problem 413. Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-413.

Figure P-413 100 lb/ft

Solution 413. ∑MB = 0

Segment AB: 100 lb/ft

Problem 414. Cantilever beam carrying the load shown in Fig. P-

Solution 414. Segment AB: 2 kN/m

–13 kN To draw the Shear Diagram:

To draw the Moment Diagram:

Problem 415. Cantilever beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-415.

Solution 415. Segment AB: 20 kN/m

A To draw the Shear Diagram

–20 kN To draw the Moment Diagram

Problem 416. Beam carrying L

Solution 416. ∑MR2 = 0 2/3 L 1/3 L

Mmax To draw the Moment Diagram

Solution 417. By symmetry: