Time (min)

275 280 285 290 295 300 305

3.5
2.2.2: What cell tests are needed to determine open-circuit voltage (OCV)?

)V( egatlov lanimreT

+

3.6

Cell testing to determine OCV

3.7
+
Model
−
Measured
3.8 -
Comparing model to meas. (zoom)

We first discuss experiments to determine OCV relationship

The cell is very slowly discharged, then very slowly charged
between cutoff voltages max and min , specified by manufaturer
Voltage, accumulated ampere-hours discharged, and accumulated ampere-hours
charged are recorded regularly (e.g., once per second)
Tests are run at a number of temperatures spread over cell’s operational range
Because very low current rate is used, there is negligible heat generation, and we
can consider all data to be collected at ambient test temperature
This lesson teaches the procedure conducted for each temperature

Dr. Gregory L. Plett University of Colorado Colorado Springs Equivalent Circuit Cell Model Simulation | Identifying parameters of static model 1 of 5

Time (min)
275 280 285 290 295 300 305
3.5
2.2.2: What cell tests are needed to determine open-circuit voltage (OCV)?

)V( egatlov lanimreT

+

3.6

Discharge portion of test

3.7
+
Model
−
Measured
3.8 -
Comparing model to meas. (zoom)

OCV test script #1 (at test temperature)

1. Soak fully charged cell at test temperature for at Measured voltage for test script 1
least two hours to ensure uniform temperature 4.2

2. Discharge cell at constant-current C/30 rate

4.0
Voltage (V)

3.8
until terminal voltage equals min 3.6

OCV test script #2 (at 25 C) 3.4

3. Soak cell at 25 C for at least two hours to 3.2

ensure uniform temperature throughout 3.0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (h)
4. Bring cell terminal voltage to min by
dis/charging at C/30 rate

Dr. Gregory L. Plett University of Colorado Colorado Springs Equivalent Circuit Cell Model Simulation | Identifying parameters of static model 2 of 5

Time (min)
275 280 285 290 295 300 305
3.5
2.2.2: What cell tests are needed to determine open-circuit voltage (OCV)?
)V( egatlov lanimreT

3.6

Charge portion of test

3.7
+
Model
−
Measured
3.8 -
Comparing model to meas. (zoom)

OCV test script #3 (at test temperature)

5. Soak cell at test temperature for at least two Measured voltage for test script 3
hours to ensure uniform temperature throughout 4.2

6. Charge the cell at constant-current rate of C/30

4.0
Voltage (V)

3.8
until cell terminal voltage equals max 3.6

OCV test script #4 (at 25 C) 3.4

7. Soak cell at 25 C for at least two hours to 3.2

ensure uniform temperature throughout the cell 3.0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (h)
8. Bring cell terminal voltage to max by
dis/charging at C/30 rate

Dr. Gregory L. Plett University of Colorado Colorado Springs Equivalent Circuit Cell Model Simulation | Identifying parameters of static model 3 of 5
 Time (min)
275 280 285 290 295 300 305
3.5
2.2.2: What cell tests are needed to determine open-circuit voltage (OCV)?

)V( egatlov lanimreT

+

3.6

Optional: Add dithering to end of steps 4, 8

3.7
+
Model
−
Measured
3.8 -
Comparing model to meas. (zoom)

Purpose of step 4: calibrate by reaching 0 % SOC by

dis/charging cell to min (OCV min at 0 % SOC)
Purpose of step 8: calibrate by reaching 100 % SOC by dis/charging cell to max
(OCV max at 0 % SOC)
However, OCV is different from equilibrium 4.21
Dither ‘‘chirp'' signal

terminal voltage due to hysteresis, so setpoint

SOC is not truly achieved!
4.205

Voltage (V)
Can (optionally) counteract using method, 4.2

sometimes used in demagnetization, subjecting 4.195

cell to a forced dithering input voltage 4.19

Causes hysteresis loops to collapse toward zero 0 5 10 15

Time (min)
20 25 30

Dr. Gregory L. Plett University of Colorado Colorado Springs Equivalent Circuit Cell Model Simulation | Identifying parameters of static model 4 of 5

Time (min)
275 280 285 290 295 300 305
3.5
2.2.2: What cell tests are needed to determine open-circuit voltage (OCV)?

)V( egatlov lanimreT

+

3.6

Summary
3.7
+
Model
−
Measured
3.8 -
Comparing model to meas. (zoom)

To determine OCV relationship, we generally want to average

discharge and charge curves
Calibrate tests by starting with fully charged cell and ensuring that SOC is 0 % after
discharge and is 100 % after charge
Further calibrate by ensuring that temperature is 25 C at calibration points
Record of accumulated ampere hours dis/charged will be used to determine total
capacity, coulombic efficiency, and dis/charge voltage at every point in the test
These voltages will be processed to compute OCV

Dr. Gregory L. Plett University of Colorado Colorado Springs Equivalent Circuit Cell Model Simulation | Identifying parameters of static model 5 of 5