10), FraBTE MAT ga EG 4.0 BATS a Minutes after start of earthquake ° 7000) ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 10900 Distance from earthquake in kilometers Plot of travel time versus distance for seismic waves. Note thatthe arrival time difference for P and S waves of 3 minutes and 45 ‘cond inthe figure corespond to a dans of bout 2250 km Tee Minutes ‘Scismogram recorded in Russia in 1909 of an Asia Minor earthquake. Notice thatthe difference in arrival times of Pand S waves (5-P) is 3 minutes and 45 seconds. BaresBEC -ELGbIEE bin eBlaAy femrta core: o ‘eabra coon ePrermer aH (© sés0" (Catastrophic) 8 8 aere corn a © RET (Desiuctive) £7079 © ~~ (Strong) 3 6cirm6.9 WATT (Moderate) 2 scams @ aM (Light) + sere4s © Minor) 1 3cmH39 : @ yee TT (Very minorifecble) 2.0.9. (© firs (Instrumental) 4 octe 19 ‘Ampitude (peakheight) SP inline ne 500) 50 “ + 0 100 * 6 50 0 » 5 » m0 2 10 ‘ 5 100 « 3 a “ 1 2 05. 1 02 > ? On os o Nogomice mohiude pirance | se ‘mm tm! 'Nomograph ofthe Richter scale allowing earthquake magnitudes to be estimaied, On the seismogram, read the diference sail mes of a P and S waves in seconds, and plot the value onthe let colutan of the aomograph. Next reed the amplitude: the peak height ofthe S wave and plot this value onthe right column. Draw a line bexween the two'marked values and it will pa tdyough the earthquake magnitude onthe center column, farescd featta we Save.» ‘PRIERMIRe (Seismograph) 3 : Fe ame cr Sere: Haare ory nee HMM (Seismogragh) me FAPBA CER (Richter scale) wee er Prremen CT CTE SEAM en TE EM ICR, wa ANCE BCA aT Rats on 7 MEO neeRe Berner ser ge Cam ofa Heavy weight does not mave Moe oernoa-8 2759 369 08 Goo + __ Aliicscsrapanh, The Ea moves he sso gph famework moves, he banging wire vib, be espe Hey ma ‘Pe Beneath remain elativey stay ey. The es Role Sl whi the arth moves Bech ep o pode sa ned ine fix 0 seismogagh BAHT GE (Waves) & 4 |+——_ wavelength ——> 8 A Amplitude f Travel direction ‘Weve motion, Amplitude is te eight of dhe wave above the stating point. Wavelength isthe distance Between wave crests B&A. Period is te amount of me in seconds for wave crest B to travel 0 site A {a1 0 Wave motionformic e fang 7a GS em MaCHE 1 come gH AfEEH (Displacement) CH FRET (Amplitude) 4 9H 8 A CHER wes EA BARA (Wavelength) ZO Sta eR Se AA CHCA a AOR TRE ERATE CHT (Ceiod of time) ae So FA Forges cc aS CACHES CCT ca SEN Ce BIA AFIRINCE frequency “aU | 3 FANT hertz S| | hertz = One cycle per second. Pwave (Peary wave) SCOOT T TTT SF MTT TH ETO RTT DITION o Cy wm wy x V4 Direction of Raigh wave maton Ocean waves —P ‘Types of seismic waves, (a) P waves move tte push pall motion of sky toy. ()S waves move upand down metions perpendicular to te reton of advance tke a shaken jump rope () Raleigh waves advance in a tckward seating meson. 18 oppose 10 (4) wind blown ‘eet nes. whlch ease water 1 ove fe frwandctang lls fx 2.2.39 ~ismie waves,80 farts sao» web cab (Tectonic plate) 8 Re eS ArEOCT CHE wi FAR | ae cot Ie A eeBies co CTeconic plate) 1 Oe IG ATH ‘fervalee cH (Lithospheric plate) 1 001 Fee, Wa epher “te Pema TTa, wi gts 6 ANNs Podicw Seca eMC MES 1 CO A TRS CI TE eT FORD Re TC | Hew ae OTA ce (Pacific and Amracti Plates) "20D "RR | CH TR 1 emit oe 200 Free oe In eae cod UMC TG 100 Facets aa 4 and wisn Dafa : AD arabe EAA (Oceanic crust) 7 sima, W silicon $ aluminium CO Tea aeTgte CT ATE CoB EMRE CeO TPT TREAT | CBO DATS BHTS SAAT aE crUe ST ean Poet aft eatha Sten TEN wR coe He CoB ORCA GH eT Semscrg—Deewocon Platescctorcs mole of nner fats. Nalice that the uansform ft connec he two spared spreading COMES, St Toor mov ‘opposite Srcons bere. 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C. C, works) 8 Biter cova fefég orgfies waa a ws Berg eH, aia Se PS NaBle wa BpwETA Geet BAT eremrtre a) Bah WT UR AH ACHMTATS (Forced) ACT WIOMTROTT AE BR | a TOIROCTCR BaRie aR Sofie sere few vA mH Bee eo GR Mays SR fle aE TE) Phe efecmies ibreatorn faeries srggfire eo facama T Biers tact ppb Sara Sapte aa Sewers Site eee | ghia eM aR Ba a eBIONTCE aide Seer ARTS ORI Ba a Fai T MAGE a me efia os MR Fire Alen SECM RT TH OPH | TEAR Seismic design 44 BAM] LIM, HEMET Cex HT AMS ATR ATCA Ah OKA ATT | Inertia forces Members subjected to earthquake induced forces — rovnd'mation fn-9,20 Sucre subjected to ground motionFoon cers 80 ‘pian rfesorera ines IR STEHT TMM Seismic design GARG ARTILE ARCATA TE TEM MCA Saphire Sones Tm eee See Boers arora corn ca RE) MiSerET wR CHM FAICUCR cH, CHTBAET Bore er ofie wfecorre | ariron Keer pf Btawice eka qed fionea a Sheed GATT STAT (0.102 or O.3g) stern at ea | eh AT (Peak) et Few Con egal Are THA wes Gee mre LAAH) CR ofrerons Faficams emryet 1 pirerora ofa 9 ITH (Closer frequency) TOES TA IM, SIETTTE O ssfoorae au wachice, recone fefoam colt aon, eI eee way fire foo RE errs efoemt Reatere AOoTER (Principles of earthquake resistant design) t ie fiw 31 TERT ae En Wea (ATR RR AAT BOY) | 1 wens Sorenrge sapphic geen firme wxarrce Rou aa Rca, CoH Fae FAP TAR 21 yfeey! 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THATS ST hea FR er eM | aR TR Sey dea Htc, a PRICH ARS A RMT TOR re aa gO TH fea com fir FetafAct-2ode) Le) Srrermrs wen Geena TED I TUCK Fai Cw Ae! SHOE TE California Institute of Technology Charles Richter ows efron ger via sre aa seh ae oreti afioea Ba RS Swe afte AE ara Teg AQ TU! a eTEeTA Baa FUG ae fReTA CHM we ea ‘Pecans He Fe) caress See Fare wa SrromTE eee AReD cw TEE RU Hert, ETC egren GAM cans eH Acs, an IEG CEE Pets eat | TEM PTET rere Gafiora wae aftane wa] RE BEE, HedIA CHE HET base 10 AMIE cow KARE STAT ‘ermare RL eso year aa OE CTH TT ET EE) ei ccm ert a 3.3.9 eH eR TT gat OTH Ca I TT TI DEM ae FUTATS BA aegis SIS SPE CaP SF) beer cores fare sens re ac, OHH atey ca TS iy TOR Gy ron Rosh | ‘ag a ar ere Geo? 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Bas wfioreng FHT ox ATS! Brindeness- faPS ERNE com clem) ae Ap-feyls wee feo vargfé nfcaweta sea @ orafon te EER wat ONCE MTR -CHES RR BU 281 coo cr 562 cof anfea mfisFehte weld awa eH RE wet 352122 Coley NTO cae AME eieD aoa WA a caRare Fefece aera ogres oteinds oeracn faite waRE ott Ftp cat IETS 176 - 422 Cafe petmAA {2500 to 6000 psi or 17.2 to 41.3. MPa) RW | BEN 211 cote 281 Cafe in Figs sates aefEE OAT TE eewehnca Ags, ee o fara @ TA ANA (Tension stress) § GHA SINTS BA ACHTOTA WIM oe wreTaTs YB aifehaenice Bia Ate (Teansition stress) 3TH | A CRITE FANS IbTCNTC P aH AS EH, ta ate =e fares aefaed Drm Agen eR ren: a Oa Apa aT ot TGR TET 10-15% ae wT, Bowl 20%: BIRT SPoonte, Het oe wat yee a AP Da oe Lathe fete (Steipcr ea TE.Grippin device)« PrireTera amaca RTA ca CTO ORE aE I SEL MW AT) ETE AN are Co cwefieta Fre CBS hx area WEA (CEL) | NEMA GA SITET (Modulus of rupture) SAME ore “Logo mere feats Gre Bei AGA (Flentural tension sess) fiw Fa eS | acwea eke Be Toh ‘eres ear es aa Sea aire RTH BLA (Fiber) Cafee Fp Fea ear ES | MEM EPS ore zaTEA Bia AG fade oa Tas RS AT aber FB fHfrsta PB (Splivcylinder test) Fthrera Festive Gobe stares wea Bea Ap ERT iat est GH aren re GOTT INT 1S x 30 CHR (6x12) STaRTT TENE PHftsTa eae eeoT wrens GR ces card Soca Re AMRBE MTS MITRE Me RH | EH Peas See see BR Fare ene ere rt ey somes eR RT eR ER x, CTH TH re ee A wh eM once racers ZE firme saree Fog Ba AREA Bev RH) ett P= AME OTT MIE oI TH, Ptr Ta RL = Prenat | Pfr GO Mere sre oe ER ATA Ha ST, fy = 1.06 8 133yF, cafe MRS cud we (Light weight concrete) 4 CWE, fy = 1.06 °CE 133VF, Cosette Sey, marae aaa BRB UH] EB ANG UM, f/= (0.5 OO. Ny <6 GEIR CMG CHR a HTN Te HIATT, f, = (1.25 WE 1.75) Fy ‘Fata AA (Shear stress) ¢ waa Bete Ie HATA TH CH HHA TATA SOHN A CTH AS Ce pes CS OT a OREN TON STH ef wR CRETE 72 efefieTCY faut AREA IM | A eR carn AMT CACORE Fre eV EM, Bo HB Pre AGH v farse Fura ager sind cont sesh | ot fea efaeda i Apa WET 35% 40% BTU aT Fong CF afieare wefaecda Fret Apacs STAY Fhya Row sea et BRT ae a THRs fem AtgeAE EI fea ST ‘fara Agcas Gare faos frame ace witefae effefieun te outs atetel Heit FoR ere Ame ATR eo < owt crys Face eH 1 Wea Crate COM (Diagonal tension) RE AAAI TH ACT Frans AACA vrarme ron reten Frae aT RH |a Foote we rere. . FRR (Stein ¢ com wince Bos cms stmt eran coemata Ape AA cx =. cn ogfone SG Tene miro srgfig aftedire ama fags meg OR wine < weeE aed ar nee RL ers Dra Ae ER DS RHR OFT ATT ATTA ore ARB OTH ONE ers Die BOTT eek OF TR TE a AG ova ER oS wm cE wee com me ETS (96 acter) Prefs (Strain) amt + er fe Eee we ore ee oA ee rer aa wR we eine co BE fag’ Fees BR Rn cxcus soeTE wef Fg = 0.0005 | ret NE (Utmate stress) 4 aiRe em semOT ca mee Ft as wCA Alva fe oma aKe ‘earest rps BR coy aR wHE eT ts are AB ApacH ATES APH Ulamae sites) AM Ka ett Frys, r.6R H 176 cafeyetcata Roe 422 coherent ons wee eT Sram seas AAT (Allowable stress) $ #¢fE Res crew Ae CU fe Fp Fe FaCS eR, wee fans Aye eM KE ace UTE ABE (Working sess) MI EE) GER FeETIT Bearcat es wena Ay Fags tote ooneiow eee a Aarcea Aigace arte Ags ae ee oe mers aba ache Ayers Scene a em EE) Te fF, MT aM SAT ET ACL Crs SEU aafarcia eqeemeay AIR, F, =0.45 6) 8.9 weiecba Bm ASOT OFM (Voung modulus of elasticity of concrete) ¢ Fefeeere Sata wees wefce As fe cewa Ome mG Se RHO ay FORTE OF (Modulus of elasucty) TH SARE = nd sizer, staf cia when aes fetes ore Rtn Ae Feafoa gens fm wea wR se wea wey ares ankiia Arps feat cw enece set athe samceNt a, Oh ETE wre aR are EME | sa ra inte Arp Fes ae woe Hf Fine Pffomire eee rae, net (%) sfeqare Ftp TWAS (Parabolic sess method) (4) rt Aig TWF (Suaight Line stress method) | Steqarars wafers dicen om fess tex Swans wees wn eo) Ere Boa alee a rcs Tee eft ne OT (nit o tangent moduli) 31 EF WAR, TaMCRNT AB ic fey Ee bs fF os cars waa oes cra FafENTE OTE (Secam modulus of elasticy) WM FRFENH een Ts crent eeENT OME TTT | 9 = tan-1€, (tangent modulus) = tan-1 E (ecant modulus) Suesse faressas Aten, faghé « fifoqereet ee ACL Gore Bagel Crest AAfere eter + cape orate s B= Warf, cofayenera aT, W = BGERDR OTe Om = 2.4 BAPTA afte ache Ags, cafeyetorts ae, a, ARAB Baw" 33y/f, SAE, Wa WEEN OFS OT = 150 YARD f= eefantia atts Aig, ana) FRE 8,0 wea Bae FARITe wrttes FHA (Determining the young modulus of elasticity of coucrete) 3 ‘RrRe-8.9 1 RARE eS wa 2.4 DERE eR act AIBA, Ff, = 176 Cate wm aR ONS FST . Cn ==. B = wisa270Jf, = (24)'x4270% 176 = 210620:74 kgfem? (Ans.) RATH-8, 8 1 SARE eR WHET 2.323 DRA cre aces At, = 211 CARRY RACHA RH EK A wu oma uff, B= Ww'4270/r, = (2.323)!x4270 x21 = 219608 kgjers? BART 0 1 PETRI TE OT 145 MY TRE R FTAS AN, £, = 2500 Aa ARI I EAL HS RAY Pe Be W'S 33Yf, = (145)! 33 xV2500 2980952 sm4fFRR (BA) | WATAT-8.8 1 HS BLO APT ACMET DT MAB 210 kglem? aR MER SHH 7400 key” | FOO ARPT AT Ey = 2039000 kefem? (OT ABT Gate FRA [areftrat-gos0, 28, 98) i Ban ET wa BAVA = Ww" 427094, = 2.4)! 4270 x YDI0 = 230067.03 Cott EB, _ 2039000 comet =Zapp7y ~886+9 ns)q ee feerts we siren» SARRT-8.C | COR UE HARA TETHE AAiOH TITHE z1Okgiem? ER TER SU 2500Ke/m WH fafoapie etieen am fa ea (arerfeat-goa5] Ei oat aT, Cem IR, ’ B= wanoye Ws 200kgin = 23)! «4270x210 (oo 23 Tomine = 215858.68 kp/em? (Ans,) f= 21kgent DTRT-8.0 1 eS TART wERTIA Car 2400 CH eR ATH OM AEA 200 kyle? eM, RABEITS ete Afar [arairataose, 3¢] 8 pene, E =w'saroyF Gon sie, (2.4985 4270 x00 W = 2400 kp/en? = 224522.43 kp/em* (Ans.) 24 Ton/n? £.= 200 kelom? 8.8 Beas 6 terra Aryr-FEBB Hs (Stress-strain curves of concrete and steel) t a TOG ca CAIN RE eC CTEM A BE eH, COMER SMe Fags gH OTe | AI ghee wf cf marcas arate ore eH, wee ace Aga Fe SMTA AM | oe aemIRE AGE BITE 81 (Crdinme) Free rm organ epee Be (Abscissa) HC aie ACMA AH, MH ICR Ah FERS TRA a 50 | 4 a 10 ° 0007 002 ‘003 Concrete and steel Stress-stran curves arsecwefirtia Figs, Fag fefegrresl a (Co) Betcha AAG atv eo ebe Gon —0aDe ams Gon —a0uT Concrete stain Concrete stress-strain curves from compression fares sere orice wre SPe eed firotera weirorm Ato Fags a fim § Bsa CIMT RENE | TET Ere ot eens ret are FINCA | ATT f= 05 fF te Tea SOR BerSH ace eH eK AIG ‘gs cm armgfiow | wae Arca are em ee CTE TK 1 ice AFC ett Aig Ret f afterg wee oman He PL UTERPOTEA ANC ome HATE (Flat) KH fag Bee oor weePA ce Arce pt ere ee Sacer ae ash Eh vr sre aes Ree Se WATS Ea TATE CORE cafien refered apuTaTH feet KIC ofaTS whe we FARA NOTH aefanda FR ards RM Batts geome sree Bem epics nhs A eee 1 FRM ore TTR, foreng warts owen faforoin Fgh WTF 0.0024 Bae ee ads Ags rr, MIS eR Fan whiny RT aN eefaed TCH aT EH CERT orca feo ee TAT 0.0025 1 ATT ATH CET CTR, eran aeancha Pate By gd Roura ope ARCS Burcw terITS 0,003 RTE 0.0045 ets FaBfE VE STeTG =T eras TR CH, CHIR Atco arCaTOA Woe Ate -Aepfea are, HENS TT Fiftrets Goa wea ate AN fg arora >@ a ew Fos wa reore-y (9) Brera Arg Rage Are tater PRY a onto Bsa TDS wr Fears eH, ce (>) Bs cH GretaTe Cos Seer FAR) are (a) FRE RITE OMT (Modulus of elasticity), E 1 CRF 3B are west ae RRC tor CHEN TTT SA RIOT ez te oT aR Ga A, E = 2,039,000 cafe/arAF® (29,000,000 psi = 200,000 MPa) | Rec hore Ape Rats ater ae geore CafiieY wa, FH, FAL crea oy OAT: Son wItafteTR fata Biera Ape Rep Hr crew EHR | 150 25 50. 100 750, 200 ‘Strain 1/100 infin Stress-strain curves for steel fares fan erage 28m (Low-carbon steel) 1 40 GH (ksi) lors Be seers wT glia ot AAA eT (Yeile Plateau), Cours fa Agen Feghie fears TTS ee fe Ager Feat Kegon core enti hoa At pram Bamfere AGUS aITs, ice CRT EEE (Strain hardening) Cm | weer AEE Agi Cera es Ee OBB Flanen out) | aT rary Fawaal wre ea ae AEE fey at mew ons ewe rs OMY Re ATTY By ardage Flere (626 60-75 ksi) CRE NAN STE wa AN a re aAATE PTH (Yeild point) CTE ore AR wea Ata Pape afer atRCe aaah CRRA BUST AIH FA; FAS ORE ACK CaS SME CH RMI CHCA BS CUBA a ATT 0.0035 RA CH CEPTS BS OU (f,) ROTTS HT Sp cas meee ones Fares RED Swe Awe RCH IATA GG arena Te, ff, caer SND ‘oer creat SR Gama am are in rae wef Arp Reghe EMR Ge eH 3 SORE STEP (Antal compression) $ rr, PP, SEP CR (GOR ¢ TN). CTS LE RE BIRT xe ASHTA WCAG AREAR (Bonding) CTF TS OTE SEERA COR er ofa A aT: 8.0 A fin gh Apel dicen wel fF, = 281 cafeyertcoth (4 ksi) ftorng aR coe SHAE 6, = 4218 CafaPOTEAAR (60 ksi) EPG tere aT ERE BSED Fiera BOG are cone a wT Sr (oy eae Be cm et BT Are (o) HAT BT A hs cose a Cran a, fr, fH, ca ae ARG 0.85 f, HTMsenda Aga, Roe 6 emer . a (#) Reno MITT (Elastic behavior) § SMM CHA aw ante Atgrs ore Fn Ate oThs Bef A, forges ara arrgenfie ec arcane (fom & 8.0) acer d, Ha aae as conse SSR CRCER A ACETONE -aB0 22 Fee ru 0.0005 Tes Erbe coca SIowTES aan weTalce ions Fags em 0.002 Es aIER Re eed is BeBe eH ee CHAR OES aR, FR, FR, CUTER MAD ee he NA Ce fey aoe a 6, %1as— Store OGRA agen Bier ge RUT war og re RIT eT BE cf (0) TH: (4) Ste Ate inelastic range) #-#eREa FeFELS 0.0005 “Tes BTA HATCH AT A Ae | af Fags wet aera coves corm maT Ange Fee TATA cc RIERA TBR MCA TA ATC (4) active a (Ukimate strengthy ¢ FewTaM FBerRaTcea eta ore Fe RH cave aT A, + er HCE AR | AGA AERTS me ST AAR CAT MH RTT FACET TH (Tool) EAT TR TOR Saree BTeeTE (Performance) Ferret Sac PS few hee ATH | CORA S 2) Mehra Phys. fregen wen eats meds ers cine aan staerdfow ard ex, cet states Sere aro ween sn aa 31 ro oe Bs cote sre fie cf cee ta Fg TEL eR AG Cf ae Core Hee ces castes aoc 4 a C5 sei ea x mR Haare a onfee Ros are em ints Fer ach Ce Flo a fone 8 ARIA ACS | fon (fm 2 6.9) he cu, hers acs CB 0.08 Ferghe oe xt) Fog AD am 0.003 efor ceria wal at ea, ea wea Ts GO 0.002 aT 0.003 fess Sm oem Ta) Bar, A aren he ae weit Fee ate A em fourgeh (fom 8.0) Sine Bs eee Ag SM eT Res rence arate eras rey acm ah Ae MARAE (Sharp-yielding) AOAC FT eT ton be oftea ofa a ee yc, = Ba = 000207 rp Fe ein Ag 205 cae ee, SC BRAT eR CH RTOS FT 8.¢ BATT UIT MCAT MAS tera SCHL (Purpose of compression test of concrete) ae meas a te fata eae ee le PH Seen | wad wea eh Bis ee Ca TT ostaca abe fem stow wey efits Fae MF (Crushing strength) OE 68 moft Bre] (Cima compressive strength) Tm Frafore ex | Sara 6 ICS oreo REE GAT ATE 3 fare Fase fi et ararensy ss, f(A Cte 8 0.45 1), sx) reba Br fs (m ae Ge 4 10-20%), con wear Proa cee (mH Cie a8 35-40% ), 81 Goa ata wee ace ATEATES AN (Proportional Limit), FERAME VHF (Modalus of elasticity 2% 0.015 SEITE Bs GORA (Yield strain) 7 AAPA FATE STAT EA UH |a Co foarea wea rans 8.y BARD Dros eA Bo (Viould for concrete compression test) 3 SIRT CEM AAA ARTO OI ANTE ST INTE CURT EI AAR TA RU, AY (3) feBe at ae (cube) (X) FfFTOTA Ceyinder) | we OA — | ie (=) faba (8) fifreta forex cf tera rere caf SRT cat at een, oR FAFHSTR aa =U 15 CoRR ae Bw aTONE fed ee 50 crf eet: OR COM aena rare 5 caf ere cal em, CrCwTA TER aT, cor tee ses rea fot os wre frees Swe TC foe ATR | raf, Fe a eta et 15 ctx 15 CAE x 1s cof RCA | he Rh oy TE A wate FH “a Frere (Mould) BofA em TH 8.9 Fefare FHT came Ferra FARA COT aifteM (Test Procedure of crushing concrete cubes and cylinders) + Preaytirere 2a 2 150 FRx 150 FR x 150 fA Tater Ft ee 150 FEF TAT © 300 fie Bete fafirore a ie aS oer arom roa SHR EIR TS MT 6 AR MM iP at 12 FR cabin aCe @ CoRR RRM RA | rosa FT eTET HAT Ae at rT fl Oca eS ATE eH ATETe wreK a HOA Borer | Ger Lom BH | FR we AE rE ta, 16 AL TARIAB ae 900 fH DMR enw re HE TA 25 TA ANTICS ATT PTT FM HA | HAO SHS Vee ale Bata oi Ste eR TSCA era HI Be TT 7 Cab cB We ae AMAT ea | 2-4 WOT watts Rem ae ay Bogs AD Rrewca er orem ea ae SE Cree ANTE RU NET Pion ergo aR, oTfAAAcee ANTS, ST ae “tN, TMT te, saefdba Bormrs Rent wey Free aCe eA ‘fabian 2 FeSayhatereta Tie een 24 BOL oe aOR ANTS eH) EE Hip cece FEBEST Co ‘ara oe RO wea ATER ear eH TAPIA 70° S°F I 21°21.5°C wre fas eTRTOUTD FABRE RT RH RTT 7 frm, 14 fr eT 29 fm PRA TR ta ART eat AE Daas WH ed FABRE aT TH FETE‘ahietha Figa, fags 6 fifeqteet ex aD s 08d Hfrrste a fodera fs « Safen eH ATeH a es, Ure EN eat OF ie SHITE rere tira FoR, cmTTe webs Sor TITS) ILA FATE RA | A STA HAC Wo A reas PB rat FSR CHS A PR eRe OS A ara AOS RT HCE TR | ATS We wT Fr CIR OE CS AH ERTS AOTC TATE TR TR CHAR FRAPS OME BATH CH TER TG ReTOTI OF cata aT HERD COATT CaPPEAA MICRT Bt SAT RT| AAT FSA a Hirsta GG CHE mie eT Cy MD AT FR MH, oF AR WTO eT IT ERT | RMS Cab eT ATAESTER tT af GATS cs CofA RI CHE AIEAIM ACS RA! State AHN TCA come Fare BATS MA) CU CTT Fa fagt xx, cot aaa ereraR a CHR TE] IT BATH fSEa am Hiftrerae eke BMT (Uitimee ‘compressive strength) 7) ties At enemy wn) are TTS cale/airAR waTe SAM Fa A aefand fea Belted Aw Diraleee ATacte f, RiaN EAE BA faba Bod seats filter GOR ate wien TH 20% cee 30% CAH ETT TE) WTA COIR rere CF Facsta CM Préetie w faPoe wer ST ATT AY wea Paro cot Feats arect Ca Fase ¢ 3 iinet Bes aaa fap aa Ar exferrnes eat oH ref BT 3.1 fifa asta fe oe cob oe coma Ont eI wa efeeS BAT 9) feta rere Sirota aap ce-carn BERS wer Apa Feat CATH ARTETA: ACL GS GUT Ba cor faire age cafe Fae | ACI core Cat afe or wry 28 freee at aca a Aw wate ME) wre ATS 115 WARROA (15 wera) seeeia wr AF ortat 465 WARE (5000 ARE) CRATE afettea BICeE BRI TUNE Ca a ‘fafirore Ta sare eI BSS | . ACT Gms SETH AER oO TOETNTAT A, WR 31 8 OBR (a Forts) eer ony ae Cr PAB FoR RES | 21 rete Reale Steere wares gS Sree ESTE Fae ARTS otat Cafe) RA WSD GR Usb Bou refers fr, 1H MR AITATS 211 CofeyfarfrAR (3000 “s/HfEFRe = 20.7 MPa) et 8.y SANTA ALM AGT (Citimate stress) aae Fanra at erCAAATAMT APR Fett & ‘weft acts A Arg (Ultimate stress) CM MA oe TALNTATIT AGH A TT | o RRiRR act oe, ios cre a Faget ta f= aa omy ‘Fiisin o Peter Semen OTT afer aie acqion + 31 RRA FIG (Stress) 8 FEBE (Strain) Wee B Far EE) Ft wees wires oa SeIWDS efi an win wom age we ef Fe FORT ae -an oriteSe mers GBT a ebIE ae cma Boa a Meta ROT eT AIPA A | fpf wits Sete os cam a corr ACA AB I aT, ox sIBfoRe ae aD | TEAR, Feo as eaten ToTEM re TINE TET (51% aI) Fgh a | Rt GRA Ags 6 Br Ap TD Fea oe nt a car ae ebro Go TIT eH CATO Oe OTST a CRITIC Bora om Aga cr en Ap cara TOTS BR a aca we a eTETA AB eBKRrRICR Be Ag 1 fram ater were et aaa Ta Be Te RTE OC ORF MATE ATEN ST SAT WT CHC 9 LE ina OTE STEN eT fe ew CRATE 3 aofiaarce Pare Ar ACH | 81 Raboe ca meen ea Reha Tee? Rone crea mown safle FeAE = 0.0005 1 a Dea tay we? SET) esta Ore fea ttn aa vim ge eH 10 - 15% am waRR Bead 2054, eH TET FSSTRS “EMT EH eh Ga De A weet eres ae eae . Page Sina es at Sirota Frio oe anos aca Bx Aga ee ne eH eK a ates Area ace A gee sas am ecaren cH mck at oe wena A afk Tm ae 2 Rta te APA AR AT re a TS ee, To re a ARC ete Apa MH | eC a NTE LE AT cds CoM FC MER, OTT ACHE MA | aT RN STM FM AL vi eeda eacarercens Ans eres Sera [evafirea-oda, ve) eR, RRR Pater A CRTAS Ags CSF ToT [ererfirat-2039) en Re GTA eG CH rae Fg TON ae ALE A, tee RR CRT a Frets Aa Bem | acs ae Age IM. ore fae cen ors RITE Aya Fig oT areca ae Atenas Ace ECAC AA UT Cf, TSH FHT MH | i Rete rede Figs ee Bera ered As ete UY EE) Act cate erp eens ergata a or Ag, f= 0.45 fF. . NTE, £, = AC FG | dor eGania fetes eter ere A aera TT, BARR AARP ete ae eT cre | » Frranfiva-g039, 9@] BRT, NMETV BF TOP farafitct-2o08, o¢] BD eee a seu te ie 6 fen ore Agfa en me we a Rafi one | sthbewo teeve 381 ser afartia Ai, fagis ¢ fafemeeer vw aint fafoqprs ones RAT aft we araTT Ss HA EET) wera fae enter fete tof a uit (m) Sfigerera tps aes (4) meee Apa re nfs once © rent Feu wace TS A TAY EF) wearers tafe aces co Fags Stree Berg mks eT aT eH ces BT TS | srrn rece ee ec H eTace, RN TRPRTE SA Fy TS OST. FE fs eee aR OTM CTS FeREM oMMeR Be | FARES OTC AACE CrTD ‘eons eT ACL Cate eR ra Fare woe Pere a ft trrefPr-20% ea, ACT cae RA AAT ete ACR A CHE MT [eH S00h, of, 3 GEE) Aci care sett rent afore oes fare aan Baw" anf, fata ote, Wa Gn aoe oe = 74 B/N =r ct Ap, coeff Seg cot ree ae EID cr a a crt cons errr ae ice ors Apes YB Ua, coals rae Fee ars ak igs Feghore oA el CRE TED or eH, wee TS Ape SmI cede urge tes rn Fi oom ga Fg ata face a ce ce Tm, IES Aig fags con wera afte Br [etaira-3005, 33, 98,98, 3 ‘ea, FET he HH TH (eratir-203 Fe) Pore ge se BOHM ce mR ETI we Rena SKETCH cafe Te eco anna ener toma 8, mein ors ern ER wre Rea, BART Ses eer HT aM ore | (rrefre-xot [ie wre fare ares caren er RR: (2) Fa eae srata 15 OAR x 15 Rx 15 FE (©) Pirer-an 07 15 oft « Swet 30: sida Tere are SETA Irifcn-2030, so! EE) wets ee odo Bop (0) sere Freer at gore HY, (me mf O45 9) (9 eae er oe 10-20%) (o) wearer cle (me “6H 35-40%) (6) Boba ate went ecw meroe iat, fo wtCR AR OOK SURE Res ORR AF ‘SATE SAL |@ e a aR a forts ae Gress.» crfinia wie Rare fire pea are [arriPicat-2o33, 2038, 2038) Bua, Beane FET ree Pirate OA AUT CoM TAS UareR eceTT ae CHAE [aEafICAT-2002] EB) ss coos nears fatter coos era mise ar 20-308 af MOET WH BR COIR aT OT cet fsa wl Bie Ber A ores YorungereeTe Fire GS cat Heath aad are ieee after sent ae, CR (6) Fifrors coe ayaa Paya aa Ae efoeeae! eT eR eMERT eH | (3) Faftrera are fie, ands oprer teres ootecs ra Sx eters EH | (o) feta sore trom AER CLR aay oor Apa Reed cefh aE 225 eFC comarca eS RGR ATT FARA ORE 40500 CFE RTM CRAM ANA REP ate FcsT-2od0l 2. SRRPTONG AGA, f= OSE. 45 x 180= 81 kplert? (Ans) efron oie wee A STE faretfiet-2030] EE) ae ero 655 caer wore acs ce ks a aR mH, OF RS BMT eT RTE TT a) Sa Fran FAS co PPITG ATE EEE! ACS cemeTe FAST Pifretcaa erent CREME CAL ‘SHI HE & Compressive strength MEW A, I HOTA ee | Tt OE CT aL HE bretftn-2oot, 32] EEE) eset ree (Consistency) IR BET TEN GH eM KU TI aE eAATCE A FAR ‘Sarerm are AB oe og Baers ca Ne RTE, AR eTRTER BTM (Slump) ROH | AB ear TCT aefania ape, wrteabtey 6 os eat Rent “afi 9 OTE wrt TC FAN | taverfecat-xo0e] ETD) wetter ocmra writ ermteres weTR 5.5 x 10° FARES x 101 “wafer ETT oT OA Preece fare aT | SL) wierd ape fags Are re Fuca fogs eres Gas aa Tas (9) Sfiqurara Aga safe Parabolic stress method) (8) saeremet rg TRAE (Straight Line stress method) | ogee afore arora om fees azea Ban le see Fal er) cea Bea ee edce orc enefig < pfs OTC ((oitial or tangent modulus) Fw ea Beate, aR orafore ae sos |S Fay Ge meee woe vie Cree Fefeyte BAKE (Secant modulus of clasticity) WH fefeaere OA TAS CETTE ARETE OTST UT | “¢,=tan-1 €, (tangent modulus) 0 tan Ec (Seeant modulus) ‘SeesseaI er eefinda Ags, Fig « fafearerrer wo PRE TTS ae DT ATT Tee A TL EF) weiecroa exe ca ovens sree teen Frere. Safrem a SerOM A Mw, BEE OH a wat TTR SMBS CTE. eat we, crete wee favo MES) ATARI BATE A Se TR SHC ore WH oe A Gre rE TA ON Sm CRT TCR ke BT a mS ATTA sae sep OTR RE RST we I EH CTI TD A I afte TCO RK rm ab ARMREST UTA GR TATA TOG BRM GAR cat at aA Coste cate RTE re aT EET Fe aA EINCA a aTw cx ke a FL RH, Coes OTT a CHT ‘emcee te can Dm eA MTemETE a ae CACTS ew cafSYent IH CMTS CEI ALE 7 ere ST ICES oS Fr RATE HE Ce COTES TE A eS, ae ARTE TCA CET Ta ‘wnt wa Fea acdos Diemer (Liimate compressive strength) * aedne A ther! ata | re aetaTeS crbayarcafc arc eran ant | FACTS ef fom acartde chs Mefoce ATT Fast ere) vari Pom ereRS FAR CoS ee PHATE MAFTRTM eyTe | SEF) sree cre anand canes oie thers we mer REAR Hw TERT aT RE, UE (@) FBT TAR (cube) 6 (1) PPPS (cylinder) | ee OA C= > x Ne 150m 5 3 1 (@) Fete C) fftrer Bren Ape yl eda oe Facass ForqecR A Boe ee | [areifren-2008] rome Apa egis wese Bea Freee ‘Fresco ars Ficy Beare oat wt 4 3) margenfre Amt (Proportional limit) 5 ffs Am (Elastic Himiy 01 WR FL (Yield point) 8 | odio MF (Uhimate strength) @ 1 Be fq (Breaking point) | 0 02 04 06 08 10” w a “8 ei wa tes 1 ACL Cars Bate RRR ee MTS KB BEACETS Pate Ags Foes eS Ary | EB) 2c: ors eget wey art af rs eats Pre tga Fors amor Ts Toe eR CET ooRE FRRCKEN Tt weERDE SECC Pree CH, y= 0292-4 Cre) wee ; (8) Bea cerca ee ftoceMten arte wey cagA Pe Bb, y.20.318 YF, cofayeterti (9) are Ritacertorte aefiea erm Pree GH, © ya 13259, cxttiantenti (2) sate ce ite aa cme CMTC fey Pree (Peripheral shear or punching shea. ys 05sV Ff, cofapeterti | G1 aR Id BRS Farrer aT REACH COA cater Awe wate FET S50 KN OTS BL Sat eR FT ATT (arerficar-go3a] CF) ones, gta cos, P = 550 KN = 550% 1000 N 550° 1000 ST tl kg =9.81N] = 56065.24 ke Prisca cw, A= Te ~Fxasy = 176.78572 cm? 2 Rane ae Apa, ¢. = 36065.24 “176-78572 = 317.14 kgfera (Ans.) WOAGAT evarate + 31, BRED rae sBheora Ape feels ae fharre eat ez 1 RAD cae tore Bieter AAS See NCR aCe RO Stem THO EL fa) sR 8.8(9-7) we RRs | 21 WRGaRD Protea Bra ie tthe nce AT eT GEE ceo nato Ee aO-C-BleollR bs Reig G0 SPA, ce TAGS RITA ‘ected 6 Ut6at (The properties and hehaviou of reinforcing steel used in RCC) C5 SAP, oe B-CG aaRd wage fey asta cicer Ve (Different types an ‘grades of steel used In RCC and pre-stressed concrete) 8 wees Sm TRA TAME eA TE, Ts (=) fate Fm (Reinforcing sieety fears (4) Rc Bre (Pre-stessng seed Fema + (Co) FRR Ser flores 3 ae rma Te Er Te HCN Em oa ACE eH FLT oe Eiht Bet coms ec en a om cl ey UE FUT fom ems im Ree era EEN IC, HT 21 agree, (Structural steel section) RS Fm (Mild steel) eae Four Cote Fl aT 9 1 Far 1H (Deformed bar) 6 1 6 wa eUTE (Hard dav steel wire) @ 1S wea > TTA CORES (Hard drawn steel wire fabric) 1 GRRS RBS 4H (Cold twisted bar) | . eras Bones oe SATS WTO CTAR & RS AT eae de a chet Tera Gora FUAB wea abhor fiom Coert Ror Bley, eA Derrien hy ee nS wR lH PL aT o,f, are Re fee re Et ere ere a, NET 3 (#) (SEAS HE Pin ound bas) (4) FowES AT Deformed bar) (9) RRBs aT Twisted bar) (8) Corma a (Square bar) (@) wr re (Fiat ba): BR rc cee lec pe ra ENC sl coentatH IE (Round bar) Tt efron RoR eae eGR TA TTS 6 FA (LRG) ow 35 AR (1B RR) co ace tee at RTC 1g 35 FHA TTC aT ee Fo ICOM WH, TA Rt BCS, FRR, TA eT ABO ce Renfrew 45.5 ce 97 (13 ame 2b Ae) AR eee Hs BF a ARTA wal RL) te ats cTROCMTE Te 6 FE Efe) rere 6 oohe wars gomTER ort SEPT A GS ceeTeAl een PM a ee HEAT TECH RPRY apres fires 1 PROBS te ae em Tey wey wT os LRT ws ae fH Bar BHT TEE “Tb a aT ENG CRT Fee Arete ee ee Es Teh aT AE rae eee wT he FAAAD Tee Fat aPTETS | TE CTE A OB cemcars caterer oriher-fethe 6 cert ace FAS 2R ASTM 2 4305 Frere AME ecnR | Ff Cetera efeers ffeg acrA SAIN ain aye TH Te “Bn op rea a fnghoa feat Berta ASTM sen Feder Fee Pres weH eT |@ et a we foods a Hre-S arate cre FS STATRR WH AIA (Pain bar) CAPA sHoUT ATE eR caMRARTA sen at ere EM CEA aR 9 A ee RET THE rR COTA Rg em SAR aR Te oar ao a SAT BH TO ser area rere at fsa oreATS Ho ATE TS (Number) SM FA RA 1 HVAT TAKE 2 CT EB 1 ST 2 RS 11 CR 2 EB AE 11) foe I am Bm eH) SerAfiTS, YD fare eTaTaR iM aCe RT 14 ETC 14) R18 EHH 18) WaT Ce wat HY ee ERT CH 1) = 3.2 AL aE Wf cow 16 ff arora $e one MICH 5 OLA HS ACL PH 4 Rig ate SETS lm aeER AEE (A), UH, CME, ARAL TAR SeTA ANAS wi th woreae Ges TRA TT ar eee CTT a meee Re] Rm os wa | | ae | ae fe foe | owe | oh ‘fora or a 4 a) YP | sso | on | on) nie || OTe 3 a a 2 ws a | amie | 0s) a0 | ise | aaa) aes ¥ a 7 Ca a ¥ oe [a0 | ai 270 w We | asm [Toe | eas] aaa] 30 3 v0 qe pea [a [0 [ae oes ‘a wit Be | seas | tse [oor [sas tee | sa 3 Wie 2 | Sea | ia | ae [sa [ee | 780 ¢ Tie Te | ss] 30 | | Te | TN | oo 2 PARTS TPR AEG 2 ACT CHUA ATP CATIA A (Pain round bar) | SA) APR YT TTP ‘See FSMAS OTE (Plain round or deformed round) SEU CEH RTS MTA TSR CoM ee FSMTS ATCA commen ofa ae a ae THT |o-C-BlaeIge bin MES i farce Ste x cabs ace fg erate crteeta ata at CER CORTE 6 ETA iy cater orafiea FRM RT | OT omnes Sa AT aa ‘fafa aauvise fe afeatm cof T 7 3 7 #2 6 ores 038 056 ost Tz fete 1.88 3.76 564 132 rx 6 CRE a 1 TT 316 aime 3.4 628 942 1256 L Wa 2 Core Tis 226 338 32 feito an 754 113 15.08 #5 % CRE 20 502 05 308 fete 5.03 10.06 15.09 20412 #6 9 oa ae 3a 852 1136 frm 597 198 1791 23.88 #7 cy came 380 70 Trad 1520 fatten 691 1382 20.73 2764 _——_} ¥8 B mae 351 3B 1573 ea me 785 15.70 B55 3140 8 we RE a6 aE 18.48 56 fete 8a 7.60 26.40 35.20 #10 32 ree csr 16.08 35.12 3216 on 100s | 20.10 30.15 4020 Fir es CREE Ter To34 aS aaae fein 1100 | 22.00 33.00 45.00 TR ALA, arom aMTaS oereta wiRS 2B aa Seay Aafibet Gooey Ss aece AerceP few flere “ara a eH FEAT WILE ESI wT ATS lm (Rolled stec| beam) BHM (Channel) M1 SHEN ‘STHERE (Angle Tron) Oren FfHE ABlce RRRCUP fence rte Se AL ATA RA HATTER {Expanded metal) CHE M CHEE BI, CT (Shell) PT GAB TAA TA AK | erento fener wee Bio ats are cle sate A.M, are Ais uae Sores fey ATT ‘eee BET cere Alera ATR ATCT MT A ATT LE 33 ksi (252.23 kglem?) en AHA fg MAS rie! poinis strengih) 7m Etre FRAT Ronen SATA HG, NICH ONG 33 AM RS | ASAT gO GIG (f, = AOksi “auiaaugim?) ‘tes strain curves for presiressing tees feare9 foam RAC ae are A-APR lows AME Cos Be TCP (Yield plateau) AAS weer (FST saatire wet ser, coer Fi Age epee ofan aIGUe cw) AR 1 a ORT aE BS Bret Hee MN aay Benoa Shera cores rly a OTR lee tape tem, wot hs MSE caTeeHETA aa TT Te (Smocihy) BR Ce ere | a > aIBICA CMB 4P% (Total clongation) RH | Blew FPTATEH (Types of steel) 8 Bhim Sere Store ae Siecs TST Se Fal ATH, Bele (® Faced re Bitlet steel) (8) sent (Scrap steel) | orate cored ccs FACED a DeAR eat KH) ae CR AR oe ara HAC arES a ores sce Be Hs OFA a GH a CAR SH me ES HTT AT CS ee met wa TG CAN RTE ‘cit ae co UIT st A | HTM WOE eTPTOHY WER ey | FOND ACS aH eI HG LE AT 3 PHA, cw Voter TRIE APA (Advantages in using steel in R.C.C.) 2 efiecda Ger Shr Bo mo ord) Ge EMT erEeA TMH HCN rena cee alerts RATE A ae GAT 15 08 CM ae aRTRE Gar Cee a GATE 100 UTA CoS Cat arg FaRta PRTG Sn ER TER) cOMATGS AE ott smACK THOTT cava tee eA aH, wh ages are TE cs are are Goten cH efforaen wy araate TU | Now Prats cP wie tT ‘Berg CUT GEM (Diagonal tension) VFRCaTAAL WA) TER wat Ne REEMA TCT ROoMTE we Crreiire CaNa) 2a ete Sa ET FART ory oR TERS Cle afecarees wry lm ATAU FAT TU Bre CoRR a Rentorers wan TER ARACHIS eM wat UM wae CAPR CATCH (Accidents bending moment) OF TE FTAA CHRTKE I AT IGE CC A HTN | ‘fata Fema en afte wor AT ee one WS hee ew TITER, TCE PAT cow to carota Se ay EE FB Tce waNTET, He ae wR eo PMR AEM (Chemics xbesion) 798, 1S Be TATE eR | a WIte AER A i TRG The Fe ae EN CTT cnt fe rm eTaR foots sa Stevr-> ete Hi ee eT HT TTT ABTS LMPTAR Tt >) SIAN SHRI (Coefficient of thermal expansion) "ord 6,5 x 10° wae BUIRDR 5.5 x 104 Bocce BA era sa RTH Ro TERETE eam feghee wer Tome sew aM ame BT BI QTC AEA | 31 Stem FH ara (Corosion resistance) "AI AE FH | rere, Am FRCeMtarce wie wD rp een aeermen eu af wea, wwe Fh Te RTE 9 stam afta St ee ae | i wr zeta em Sos PTAA net ar APA Te af, weicd ween a Beers HR AD wee Serena ard Rem FR Br a 8) eeehand Bra Ayes pe Fg ote Bea Apes yak eh | wer AR ater Bo Be AR reTTE AE afore eH | 0 eae meen Ah ree TER EN YR eH TTS BCH ee so foe eThSA we 1 Sree erm eererTaCeT Srwca, TBTA, AoT Toe UF aT | 91 Se er eter TH - 220 STTSE GWT CHIE A TART (Use of welded wire fabric) + sre oe GTOTAPER CHE Be EM WTA (Cold-drawn steel) CH ARMM FCAT ENA Bee EH cerferqocencs erifee te ch UM Bef BA RT, ONE SOMES HT cee aH Boe, coh SCE snd eT FR eg Feu rm oars hen FS we fe HTC Can Gm A UT mM | ARETE, TR AS WITS TS aR SATAY FASTEN CTA $ OM (Shell) MARS CATE am F-cH>Ts Flom CRCH STISS uA cote rE Fa ore are ae cme, Roar MER SEAT WATE Gay ARTA SE oR RTE oA | TICES OT, coe ee a ae THE Ye EM TE COT t CH) ET ofS 3 9 seFOTe Ordo ex aataa eftE om HR Re SET CCE wie Ft mec ARTE aT ER 2 6 6 — A BAe (152 AN aR TAS TRE CTE TTT (FRE Tae 1 teReS CUTE PATER NCE PRR otefes aA FEY CTE oHITR CTCEE FETT TIS Sap eae Roles meme MARTA 6 d ARTE MT RE OTE Bd dS x WS ORT Crs aS SoU orca rab ay 4 BR (120 FA) wae WH TEAR era CHIR 0.15 WHR (07 TAR) TaN | ARTE ARE ANH TH STATS SEI COMER ote Hh Ftc CET TE ome 2m caren, wftianfg® | eer ot/100 hg RE Tee (awen) | ee owe) | AT eat cave (Rolls) 6x6-W14x Wid | 6x6- 10x10 01029 0025 7 Ox6-W2xW2 Cx6-8x8 Cos ‘oat 30 6x6-W29KW29_|6X6-6x6 0.058 0.058, @ Gx6~ Wax We Ex6— 4x4) 0.08 008 38 4xa-Wiax Wid | 4x4- 10x10 ours o0as a axa-W2xW2 axa-8x8 006z 0.062 a GRI-W29KW29 | 4x4-6x6 0087 0.087 e axa Wa WE axa ad or aiz S ote s 0.01 te ge = 21.17 Fre 1 sma/100 gS = 5.88 cafoyanfitreFete . « 0.8 cots ar, FEMS ae aT PACT sHcaa VAAB (Mention the characteristics of plain bar, deformed bar and twisted bar) t Stace te Rootes acess ike ah, Fafeue Goomkes im, Oe Gaiee Hoe, ann aS erty rege ee CEM lm TATE OE SANT ATS RH | CTR D1 ora aTRS ma, 9 FSUKE Hs, wo: FRCS TE aT Ble TE (Mild steel bar) ¢ 8x, Tare, STR Tope wa, AALAA, teen Ore Alps efecaTeN Ra eRTE BH Ue | MS HF (Mild steet bar ACRE M.S, TR) TR RI fb (Plain in surface) AR OMTPERL GT ‘Round section) FARA, AT 6 FFA cee 50 Fa RU KER IT | CHT TRAE RIGTR AN Orca ef aT | Fs os ae meee SEAT TT NHRD aT aT APS TOR RCH CS | CTE (3) Mild steel bars grade-1 or Grade 60 (ii) Mild steel bars grade-II or Grade 40 1 fBee MIM TH (Deformed steel bar) £29 KET bor SHE | aTpTEA Fre (rb) A COS co fete wore fowts tre Re ro HARD cece vem ATA rem om Xo Ye OTH) axa a CrCH Fats ‘are Gre Aga aera ee SATs fH) tw RS eTe aE A GAGA FA TE GE AIEEE Bond strength GAGA TCHR 40 — 80% CH RCH TCR | 91 RRCES TH (Twisted bar) # fefeg ome wr, ATS ere ox cute lore sae fife eee Crary me FFE ANTE ORG cH FRAC A a BeAR eaL eH, WIC PRONE re eM | ok eM a Sw oft ener ee | 0 TAPLA.CS CHET TR GNOGICA TR DATA HT (Advantages of using deformed and twisted bars in R.C.C.) 8 rae Fra wet ia, A, ce foorfs aa PROS oe UT FATE TE >) fis oe ROVE Tere pom SEP wel GE CATE era TT AT wAfaRE oT Mfcrse TE a6 eu) : 2 Rounds arc eee RODS er aM Da TH ce Ser USA A ALTE 01 Faobs aia Bs Cee sire | cote area cory mH 50m cafe ae Coa Gaere EAE Cafe | 81 corer Arp co em 40% RCH FRU 2:1 ona wesa a6 Ags aftcates wre oP ACS RTE wT cf) 8) FS cae fie aa ra em Be MCR SACS erN AIA RHA $1 SCOR STEMI Oe) ATH LATE ee SEPP, ee me BRET ACES (Minimum reinforcement in R.C.C. beams and slabs) + ‘were aa Breer Tce es Bh Fag STEN ATA SS EH, COU S1 wien sae, 21 eR ws me a TEETER AfaeaC, . 9) sinkedt arene Sta Sra ance For ar Reni tae ae areca Su hs are one | om CR Rowe Goin ftacetees sphere ae a Ca ATS Te firg chron’ (act) cars Sra Bx a rican an ftocetcnDa sf RR (9) Re rear coro sateen we Ae FRrCAAENTR “IA 0.0025 ba = 0.0025b1. (5) Reeds arcea owen iced wy adhe FeeACUTARCOR fA 0.002bd = 0.0026 (oS ey Ahan RRP A of = 0.00504 atts, b= Fa aE, dor t= Ra eM Tea Mey | wea Ga ereeR cee BETA 5 08 RT 45 CR Ca CG AE HT ATTRABan ao efWwes acgrem ¢ ARR Cee ie Rowe TraME FAR era tera Ae | Frrarfiat-oo8] CEE Recorscns force crams tim Fyffe arene A eC, Hes (@) ee Fe ore (@ Bs fm (©) forts oa (8) ego (2) wS-gat eae (Y) core FRE wa al WALA aioe BIRD fAfey erate le Ae re | GE) 21.55 ce Saeco omea arame hs Fite eerean ee MICH, a3 () RATES a (a) fewts aa OReen (8) cma aa (@) FB a wtes waRE Ain ws ait HA GF) eee eee Beek aos, wa (2) fatercere let (1) Recife ‘Recerca Urea CTA EI AKG (Number) WE A FMP Po) escent rare eee por ae ee Ce Be stor EATEN TUTE | CO 3 EI 8336 ere Lee aoe Ra ‘Riereertort fone ares Sie ate ce A zwar faraificat-xo33] A, Tesa atS TS A SAM? (rrefarat-2o3e] GET) 212.55 ace bes memory era fer BOAT we Be TRE FT | a2 Be oer Broa aah Fre (Yield poinn) FET cas ot | CR a ae FRA o,f, = 40 si 28124 kglom? €e, OR Bice 40 carves Ole wrahes cna) cate tafe BET 3 Waa Fem atte atirce rm as Tae 3 fans am asa Ce ers cat 3) oR Hee Cee SH 0) Reems ace wide a BG ee AT: 8.) IN SCeH ares aR ATEN HOM TAG OFA TT | 8 orgy MFR EH AI 8) experi wot ey ‘Rew ow or Fr EE) sree corn cx im stew ary, rem Feed 3S eM a care CoA TEE CHE Caf ara, rare Bra coe cn cx Ay Beer a KH, Cw WTI A A CT UO TSH aR FeRAM ecRS wT CEH Herm Corea GARE FA NUP Frrefetcat-2008, o@, ob] GRD wets om srprenigere 2 it care Sim ome rat TaTSTT WIT ate BD cxafgre erafiog aa ITH cary FAR UH EA TH, TH CTIOS SUT CUES Ae | TEES ART cog Roma car aa wee yy ATR fj OO TR aaa 4 FRAC a GTO IE eM STAG ETT GTR OFM (Shel), A AT ore cS Toe Gren SCECSS oe COR ATTEN wa RT TTS CHCA Bie, 4H ALTE HHL SH (nS TefETe), crofs Dec re, anit cata are, ie Fides Ret cwaME SHES SUT UH ATTA FA ET | corsgn Hr cura ae i race oma ea feet a6 Fem Br aes fica fo wren afore TCH CaTE- sin ome we . 6x 6-4 x4 HOT CREE ATE SH TATA EET) 6x 6 arcs te 0 erg caren 6 ls ee ae a a ace Bees 4 cot wre ITI TH cere ce aera Tae UTS 4x4 WSC WS COR CES TCE A FATE GERI 4 x5 crc Ore ore arta Boat 4 fi ore oe ee WS x WS ae BOR FeCe EH wrEAT anRE CTE 0.15 ARH Ge AD TTA Coke afs AEH TWAS a, FF, co ape Ay cca tone ata | (eret-2038) ora fa. ce mags FTC GTEOCAT BA (Sao, (in Beate Gi TE ayy Fafa (y) She Bw eryWw I deh 301 ar ar ‘feos sa areoe-5 ete are a ° Fareifacat-2008, se} BARD ee lor aS aS Ape eH wT CAT etrE hom FREE cM aE Rolled) SARE ato | eS Ag eed nee sara Me hoa ee one a | <6 Aiace floes aa ao | Rove wa ars we ‘a crema wie, Sins rem arm sora om aCe fey erucwa CRUE me Fy FTA AAC co RAC ata Reh eal eH, Ce RROTS ae eH | SRAM, fa o cores Bare # erEP-gF oa few eT eE? ys rae Be oreen a Bbw EP- aR wen FERTER AI eH, COA (GQ) were ore (8) 698 ed a aR Te Bf (9) nf merce Stews Steta aes ft are EAA, Sh ore soe TO Raa ota ws? (araafitca-2o92, 38] SRY, ACI Gare geht Shy 6 IT BER HacePcA aN MY | Prrertcat-2o3¢] Ee) act care sage efag ReEMeaA a (@) cake sera corca meas a FARePteabs ef 0,0025b4 7 0.0025be (+) frets arama coca aacen ay FRacerten ba aft 0.002bd 3 0.002b¢. (0) iowa coca fay FRtaceP onc E “fa. 0.005bd GT, b= ON a OTR aE dort Be weet Sareea Tete ay) A, TOE TOR Ce TY we EC Ee) or, cer oie s 08 et 5 ct an ofA aT a BOTA mL TE AT oR eeraTeTR ALA, Howe ae 25 CHAR em MGR BTL 45 cat ROT ATR ReceroE afters ef ea (aretfireat-2030) EE) orem ware, » = 219 2.25 cof arte Emel + Setfie = 45.45 =50 CR +. 34Ry Receptors ofa, A, = 0.005bd = 0005 25x50 = 6.25 Dirt, (Ans,) eof winererT STEAL, toe 30 Cot rR FER Tre 50 CARL RO AFTER tactic feo a ea (erPcn-2036) EE) conse, dae = 30 Of d= Wet TS + WHR = 5045-55 CE +» EE RCA REI, A, = 0.005 bd = 0.005 x 30x 55 = 8.25 arfcAR (Ams)‘eee am a rey ICTs ¢ D1 TRAP, co we hea Ta ea APT OTM: Earefaca-2008, 02, ob, 23] ANT, RCC-Ce PRRTCRP eRe fers mite Sin eG a EAT . Pereftca-zod0} ee, Ror OH ores ROC-cw Hm sTeATCAR APT BOA FT| farerfara-g03e) Bee, Prem RARE Reinforcement ROT MS WE TATA AAMT OTE | barenfica-aoo%) ‘arate amTER (Coefficient of thermal expansion) BK 6.5 x 104 ant wiRBE 5.5 x 104 BeCR ‘era eorane eu arm em ete ofr ate Frphon wren ema sreies mae cae earth WISH ATT FET 21 Ahr wee afer (Corrosion resistance) WRC GRE BH reTeTA, 2m ftrceMterA wie eed HT waeH SwCRTTOTS WH eofecaTs Fe, WI wroTTA FAA TT APT 91 rea eafcace Bin feats =a Bly wrt ake se Sop wrTATD a Hee HS EP TT) orate, was sen em gafrad | eit aed warn frecertarta ent Beg fee we ea 8 5 aed Dom Agen te Fg en Bis Ahpee eee ee 9B ro Bea ww Age STE ore fc | 2 wea wees he re GY eR PH ACS Bern ee at fee eA eH 5 ine ace TMT TRA, RPI, BT Te OTHER TE 91 28 ee stom aE 1 SR, Ace feeds 3 PROS ae Teac aT oe | Fretfarat-2004) ‘stat, Forde areas vial? fee Bee a | faratPrm-2035, 2038) BT, Plain bar A Deform bar THT AAEM OME | [refit 203¢( nf) GERI) srtricw ayeere wy wa. co fowris om PROS a FARA TK >) Forte om BROS areaa The wo wet OE cement Ta are aT eine AT ARE THT ae: 21 Fes race fern QRODS a en ae aaa nee ins ficwe wCSE A TE 81 BROS aaa Bes clea fe oo Tees oem aH 505 Ca ae TIN Ce TR CA 81 a ant Arp caw er age RC apa EH 1 6 en move as Th eecei see oR ATE STE Ca | 1 AS Cee FE ar ea WIE TSR ATES ETN CHT =I $1 RR SBT ONG OT et ta 01 fete ae Robe were fa wer aa GED tresnatn,wy foarte oy reora-> SSEEEEEEREES] rr wets Strat Qrror za (Flexure Formula of Homogeneous Beams) EET ‘&.0 "eT ROT GFE FI (The flexure formula of homogeneous beams) & v.) affocatt coven (Resisting moment) 8 car trea or es CET ere Te cof OMIT BR ea wae o RE CUTER CR eR ‘wore era ea A aa, wc MR cam eAFBE CHT Resting momen) ZO | EE, Tro cca creme CCR mot efka ee NTES nf ETON EA A CHMIATE com eR A eee gera rome cree ca Ht NCSD (Bending moment) TA | SR WIMECRE MENS ‘wach 2 ora store Ap (Suess) Te ENC lw aoe CATE (Resisting moment) 1 rere eR wee A TR (My) IR, aR CTEM) TE a i v Eanes 4 oT x @ ferres fra 8 eo@ce HE ors ws mE Gite Fa fia aR )-ce ae Fo xx CRI ARTO er aS rae crete emER Ace ee TA TERT METAY Ry @ Ry | AIHA MEAT, TV = 0, YH=0 8% SM= 0881 eet cx oramcra aero efBtaaM eR, 8 cateace Heme cape ea Be CrMHH a cas TER, M1 HRT Cae HENS ICA xn MER Ba TTA ae TET RCM BI ee FOR SC PR ea Fg me ERT ea we SE, oUt CoRR OI ST DR GL a URC Fret OF (Neutral surface) UU at a om TER aa IBY cre FELT Crm (Nua! axis) GH PRCT a ayers Sar ficu wearT oH | . Ae argc fame SiewE Voice WEA (Fibce) THR Bie aR Roe WRT BOT ete | @ OIG Drea mr Peace or age argon fm eR race ema Boce ceit Wa C wee Ree SAD 8 BT 1 a ea Bie Ba RCT Fc a wee | AeA AAAS CAA FON ACH C= TRH OTR rR at Fa TCR CT MT x CTA aR CATER, Me PCH Rl cB WHER =f eH, WAR Cx (C OT a RURE AR) HT x (Co T ae wore ey) | 4g ye ape wOd Th RTT fcar® ERS, My Bn en | TS HME TER TA, M= My |sang Sema GFR a WA, 8.0 BFL OPT rT Towa AA-AeS Crab aR aa BPO BR amtet AAMT ER (Stress-Strain Diagram of Homogeneous loaded Beam & Identify Tension and compression zone) & 2707@ FA (Homogeneous beam) 4.60 ae Ro Crema aun TAME wat LeRe, wreTAT FE Ah (Homogeneous bear) MM | CeaR x ice ht, he Ter fe x hgd altcle le ba (7 x ee © GA t a lt Wr Vie New surie || or “ eee Pereceton xe Reta le ®) o o oO fares fom 8 AC), (*), (9) 8 (8) Cw NETRA GR, SAMS org Ate ax Crate ate CeCe Aig fay, Fgh fb ep ones ee: Ree re TB, we, b+ CRC A THT TENT CE mE wee Dor at Ficoa ms GS: ORB aI CR CaS FT RRR BH OUT AH eR DF ATT coro site fh fre amma eeeeT wire ecw Saag aOR ce TCM eM AG Za fe Bane wre ace aépaael wits ise DAL ATERTR F, oe 41 SHC, Be aT oH fag @ Bir Reh ROR AS, v8 wang cua Greort ai ffs (Derive the flexure formula for homogeneous beams) 8 fom a e.g me RAE a rere irs sory RT be Fan ay, oF fora ete wBiae, on, fo Famer rw CE Bre geen pra ia wim Tig, cae, fra aon com ace TEAST witcra Ors Ae, cafe, C= Bem Im Ape MR eT (Resultant), COE, Tare Be Arp ca Ma x= x Crna WR cafe ree, cafe-c | fia 8 v3 (8) ce Angra TH eres CreteaT ENR Frere Brew AGE TT at Fate Se eet itera Fags aT CAT | wee Arg aon Rac om RO GT ed TARR TGR ce, Been re Area I Hy ae ST RATE a ATF, , TTR TH AGA HHTvo feertgs ae ater IEA C= TAH, HEE Ew IH (Mechanical couple) oreo. | arrears OPT aed idea Moe eeBtewt 20 caf, ee 10 Caf OT 4 FAUT | IT exercarny Ager ten 100 coRayateA wm 2 alba Boca ee foe Ons) Fare wu HE ARAN CT SUCRE FA CUTS CA aa aft, Her ston exams ew ot one wit _w xa? HEAL x 100 = 2000 feo wr vay Ma BE IOI 65666.67 caf.cat "1, 200w = 66666.67 = SEB 355.35 cafe (Ans) | eres 18 of 30 oft meer et mie ee arr 5s ee Dot aR 00 cE Oe rr ER GA aCe MN Di ANG TH 85 CHYNA WH, wee At Rn Sora He MINTS TS S00 cf cee ces cea acm FS AN Praneee ereLAD SRST FE TEER wae TN, ay oe BORG 109 = 156250 cee crates crore we can aro, My= EE = SOUS 109 = 2500 co ct _ en of oe, M = Mi + Ma = 156250 + 62500 = 218750 ovata, MB fat 28 a ato cat Ap a5 coef rea 500 cate ts Cg coms wr hue ate eA A wreRto.c 1 $ AUT URRAE eeR 25cm x dem TRE aw ITE Hom WEAR Aes 200kfem? ROM ee a FRE TCS FA He kg SORT BCA AAT [ateica-2o08] a Sean Frere cmAME AUK TG DHS ew Bora eee CTS = w Color MU ACA CATT wet 2S 0003125 we ma af, Mb £6 fod! _ 10025 «40 = 6 ==> => SIRS w= 66666667 556566.67 = SSEREET 91533:33 kyim (Ams)rag Tom Gres Eo we erro. 1 4 Ara ORAFAAA cba rome wee 1500 CofE cms MoTeTCA Fe TTR A eteH Ate actos CRIA FAG 200 pfem? EL, 6CR a FAT | [arerfirat-2032 Rove nBinel <8 eR Ae =b=y ana aia, x, bat = 6 827300 aod = 2250 waa a $xdanso ad’ = 4500 od N50 = 16.50 = 17 ft sea, Salts wrote = 8.5 OFF x 17 Cf (Ams) Brenan. 9 | area ATS ora sc Atos erm TARA 5 CAFR x 30 Caf MATE 1200 CF os a RT em AAR A 60 CY a wT AE TOA fA Frarfi-go3 ren SIR, Ramey, b= 15 ft toa t8e, J = 30 egearrreeten AIR, f = 60 CoRR ren ef FROME OHM TTT CTE, W = 1200 Cote Iba _ 60215 x 30)? ou Oe => 15000 L = 135000 2 b= 9 fat (Ans.)v8 few wa rar» ‘Barer 15 Rta re ce ree ARH PTR 10 AAR, x 20 A. 1 Oa te aA fa DAC 1000 ae os RTC exe RTT A afters Ah Beery eLAE vi at rent Sie, Awa GL = 5 fee ‘Sor ee, b = 10 ora ore Sia, d= 70 A, ‘hore fe fete re eT OATS, c= 1000 ke rer cre, w= 30005? 2 hem AE 100 kgm 312500 kg-em Mod’ area aI, =F 1 Sige 6312500 102 f= 468.15 kp? (Ans) at eas seine carer UTR oem TERT EB gaTEY (arefct-2008, 08(2), 02, 08, 09, 33) GEE) cer wiser Boe orate concen one cafe cea BB RE aR «ARE TOOT afformeee vine sores digs oe 3B cre alice aera cs am | maT SHE eT ore TA ATEN (4) CRE CTE (M) A ROH A EE Baers er wre ye? EEE) crise cxrarcts ereren tema ergcmeers sraTa ee Fre Oh ata ae HE Om IER, CONTE ERD a Fig Fog Be ea CO CET THO ND a | OTe REE TH | Aeore we oe Ha EEE) cet creer Sms Garren aah ares wm, wa Care et ame Hee SE DA ‘Bev TED aA er cra FRE SH aT) FRAC eT RC FCT cafe Fea ree Ht gata ferefire-go3s] wea, Fafa a cafe Fr (aresfitcat-g0331 Seat, Ret oe cafe re A FUME [areftcargo%e, 2¢) eae rar icra Soca Rw mec aT ee ACR Hw ee TB He HT RL are So AAO | Hee rap aN I AB MCR I TE AB aT ew beng cae Te a FRB CHR Rw aR TEorrng Tore Geers ve e.g tara terare-2o04, o¥(f), 09,33, 33,32, 381 seer a I | Satie eoree mg Rt GFRHIAT FA He | [arerem-o0e, ob, 98] “ara, b= Rta eH, em 12 FF kyle? Ma x =x GRIN CRE ATOR, kg-cm_ a 31 arm Rtn cw ata eR ca, P= PE (erefFre-033, 29, 24] eratfacet-2033] [marcer-gose} RL AD rg Tora ere STATE 20 HR x 40 CR DafErE 3840 CHR CTE TUTEIET FTA aT SURAT Arps 36 coPeantenta em Ratha “TAT FE | Frrtfizat-2020] CEE) cron se, oan 29, b= 20 off Fore TS, d = 40 on ‘sacar Ag, f= 36 kefem? ‘owe efehibra BEG MAT CTS, W = 3840p caf cate, = SE M oe oma wr, =e iM e f pox? = 192000 kgem 3, XE x 100 = 192000 192000 § Bboy fe os Stora Dr = 4 Fide (Ans)foots ora Biaote-y D1 aeAD area Rowe ere 25 CFR arm MEATY 40 OMAR 5 FATA UTA Stee ore af ARORA 1600 cafe OTe oa wa Safors SH otfeas Ares yA Rar EET) ree QR) orerg Ronn Tre 4 fA) Bae Bre ore Age cates afte co0e cof A Afr RATTAN FGA 80 CHOY ANFEATR Re, WER TUTE Aa ETS PA | Ol 20 CHF x 30 Caf trTCaT ara 5 ADE Orca ee wre Shere SHRP Ate 90 cafe | ‘Rina thera ee FR cencwa eta FEE eH GEER) Ore ee oz ea,(Transformed Section) A 9.0 Seam aatehe CrPty Me Tat (The concept of transformed sections of beams) 8 4.9 WISTS OTF (Transformed sections) 3 werstis orem ra, Hora aah aehre Ore | Boa cx arate OTM Gres coe Thema ARATE n oF CHREEAE FehaRS SHA TA TH, Tie APHtafEKS GRP (Transformed section) WH | BIH CATE oes oR arate SGD, De Ags ae CE TH UT THT ET em at AfEETTA ONT (Modulus of Elasticity) WT 514 Apa Tevet welanca Refoaits oomcsa ATA | Sra, LA Siew a Cremtm THAT BACT ATT arg 2 Homogeneous beam) AAPEFTE 1 mHETG atowe fw refs eget aenatre cree fey A fem 4. aE WHEAT GRIT TNO (Explanation with sketch of the theory of transformed sections) t |- b—| I- b—| >| N (a) Section (b) Transformed Section _(e) Stress Diagram fox as Sess orem fbr onet a ca, Ro Se oe AT SAAS ART a BI TECH FUER (Deformation) AF srk fhe RT coer at 90 CR AORTA TBC Rate ore cre HME acy BEA TT Co AAD ara FS WoT ca fa Arg AR ACH, I ak OG CCE ro HOG A a fee ROTTS aed een et Oo AR IT WH a RE Bea Fake Tea HET CE (Traneformed section) ‘geen TN TEve Feats we terre» 2.0 RTE CTE TefeCe Tore RITE UCR TRE aw ft age Be OTS (The derivation of the equation for investigating the newtral axes in beam by transformed section method) fiat a0 oo SIMETI SARE, Bowe erp see, aU ere em, MS arc AR fom croton Kem fare, oh, = FOR CRT nO aT AA aie CTI, xaokd= Stuerein Ahewe Bote cs mer ona aE, caf dx = Frac ore cae Dm ae aes afte aT BEART CPN he ag, caf SEAT TR, CO CORA A CTH COTE ETE cos SR ES HEY UI OH TR Ew CRRNE feES ater (Static moment et a1 eR, SOB ER = CREM 2 (SH CC WH aS) EG Frac ore cae Sr or STR CARI = bx oe ACTER EEG = SEH RCE OE TENT OM aoretg Briar caeRS be ee () are, Bore BO AICO Be Sores Ora Cw WA Cd =X) oe ssn (8) BIRT BT i en RT CATER are Be ao AB CATER eR TA TA, OF nay (d=n). © Berane aia BG bd, A, On LRT aA TR FRR Sore a, x FN wat CM wee er GH, 8G, x AGA caee CCD Bora SAH vrs ara 9 aera eRe, M, a cx (a ~ ST, F = vt eon fg 3, C a Ty (CoceR TIRE Te) aa —% = from sof ae xe Bre re 8 i cE, My = 1 (= STOTT FAI, FR GATORS (My) = Caf TERE (My = Me = My) wd, M=M. 41, M=My eee (8) ‘Serene attra acs £ oR fT Fe a TH Fx WT (Investigation of beams) ¢ sree erehattora wiser wibteaa Fees ciere fares eal edie seen Rufae wat) STAC, coms ea wom FARE are Area fee Agee Be ee wr Ff we | eTwaTe OMe Om Ape HmeteTE one werefite Crm Teele HB BINT | a afer MMT Aer OTE tate Tem IB alse cE face ace Bie Bet w Gr Ah Feats wa aR RCATHATRT pene ed ere ewe FA wal Te 2 AMT a wy VM aH, AT MMOLE CEMA META TAL TTE |ates one ve wre cree ie ea fens ea wee (eninatn fe pton oA ofaT. beam by the method of a transformed section) § Bftor Prete SCR STEM-() GRAM WERE (2) Gra BUM Tale eee (1) SORT SETTER TE rea Fron fafeg seman racer ree eR Fine staf a aT et (9) Gren aerara Faore ems eR Fifa Tat A bw | fray Taf, b oe a ‘Pracore ne cece Gram Soft ene ie Borat, afl A, = se ftarertecty crn, atc a = arfeth neta, confi . n= Tama afte 2 aac TTT fica sam, Faas sera Brera waa oMCTE GATOS = Fone eroeT FH Hieacrcaea Sates CHUTE CRT | ads bx: d=) nM enkide nents) (9) Gren wren area Pacts orgs att &no SATA, b= Grace, of te TOTO eg, fit kb axa t= RCTs Be cos Gren Softens The AE Aj= 8 Ritacectoicbs cmrae a= TR Cate 88 afm Parte Sowa Sire Fifa cree crore eens OE SeETH GST OR | 1 ava Raw SEER, bXEXS =n A,d-1) feat wa Brees, : eC snes 8 (8) 1) SCH TET Facey oT core Fa eefieaT — » frac rea sere, b¢(x-3) o¥o-0() St) naw “yt hte (x9) +9 SSE 0a, sonniP () fan ae BAe RT SICH SATE GREE SOTA SIRT CRC TTT aE Cet CUTER ETERS, 0 srr ae eT Pratt ee eG mH, GRO Cem Tate Fane coe eae CORTE AOA BAT A ston arerny fame cars, (CE) me Bae afte woTERE CRETE GIO, 9A, (dH ero Bef eco ee > AD ans (d—0 7H, TRIM RC I cee sor fen eR A zt 12.5 x= 3216-80.4x 2 Blinn oon => x7 46.432x = 257.28 X24 2%3.216x + (3.216) = 257.28 + G.216)" (54 32167 = 267.62 x43216= 16359 X= 16.359 -3.216 = 13.143cm (Ans) SrteRt4.0 | oD oneTeTETTT ATs BL Atora oT 6 RTE GI ee 150 CA, GRR RE IS CHR ae SICA AE 25 CAR it Rafors Ts ARACEAE flee 4-25 FR OTE we ae orfice EPIC aR tore Pete ARC! 50 cra, we erRCMRCTT RATT CITT TET PAE FH | n= 10, As4xd x@s?s 196m? £. Se ‘GM nA, (d~ 1) = 10 X 19.63 X (50 — 15) = 6870.5em? EMD ES nA, 1) | a Pte oR are ea =a, seat, HATES Crete RPT, mb enad—n) aunt crown bx 215020 = tsrscn? 10 x 19.63 (50- x) 75x? = 9815 ~ 196.3% x= 130.86 2.6% 7 x34 2.628- 130.86 =0 WP 42x1.31n+ 132 = 1308641317 A, (x+ 130)? = 132.58 Axe 1al=itsi A xs 1151-131 (0.20em (Ans.)TFS Cr do Sart 9.8 1 INTENT HP te eet BAtcot mors 7 ARETE | BAe corcwrt PBT 10 CHAR aR TE 160 rf cw GS 22 FRER aT mE eters RRC CARS ARertca rare at CHC | Ah tema TER eBe 50 HAL FR STE AH 25 CFR TE, WER AHR FRAN ST TNA FTF w= 10. AoE (aay 2280 en? ama, ox = 10x 8 spot? uh; 197280 (0-1) 120008 wen x vero, he cai ETD, Mr = A (4 ~ = 11.40% 11204890 = 6283552 kgeem cafe cure Rava a ma 100-252 5100 CAEL TE = CDR CATR 2 SE 100 000582 & wo BBEDAD seg cafe fide Ore Sto Bare oo = O25 x00 1x24 30D 7. Aaa ror wa TES aes Fabra Dros wee ontcwn af = 1998 - 360 = 1636 Cafe See Sop cress GS ecto ETT Caf cara ttm feta wr | Ba Troms Ba feat YS HTS | went b= 25 Gf, d=45 CR, f=! pas oreo, Ge ce oa n= 9, Ay=3-— 250 FAFA | fe ts 9} CT ow. oe on MEOXEXOS? 3 21473 0m? aso igs = om? weet crema ZaTETA, we F -0Ad-0 a2 cocumes-n H, 12.5x? = $965.65 ~ 132578 + atte 47725 ~ 10.60% BA x + 10.60x8 477.25 wen Tx 2x5.30x + 5.30 = 477.25 + 5.307 exgs fT (+ 5.30) 47725 +2809WREST do from sid =a -% mu nas =39.27em wets cafe cate, M, =F fbx (a~ 3) =} 945 x25 x17.1823927 = 796940.47 keer se-3) = 1473 x 1400 39.27 = 809825.94 kg-cm 2 Mc My, WOO, M, Cd aH Be] THANE Aha aE! a} aad coma BercMPis Bu | BaREEH- 4.38 | eft B-Rlore ere YB ALA CATE NETS 1250000 CHF. CHFA em AC A FR, a Fa | aT were Fea & b= 160 CFR, b’= 20 CARY, t= 13 CHR, A,= 4-28 FAR TIE AS, n = 10, Sora caTY Tmt 53 Cafe AY ‘farce iers We eT ITE VENTE CHIE FER 6.40 CF Brera cafe cxTEN, Ms, sincere cree «ME DAG sagt aac BH OTSA COTS = nAd — 0) £y og) a1ox{txFxea%} %{(53-6.40)- 13} 0X 24.63 x (46.6 — 13) 5 68cm SBS re OMT CRS CM ee Pr re ree Ren Fr ace a | WRU CReH TET ARON TN, A.) ER OF nad a AME @1ox2063 466-0 7, 80x" = 11977 58 - 246.34 Tx? = 143.47 308% yx + 3.08 = 143.47 NTH Dx 1 54x + 158 B47 + SP (e+ 154)? = 145.84 Tx 1.54 1208 2s 12.08 - 1.54 = 10.S4em308 7 foorta we rer» Saeco ew onc Fre Fes mT a, C. 6 PM TG = side d-$ 2466-351 243.0%em om a, aM 2x 1250600 . SC (eg) “Wor insexascs owen m) 3 M_ __12s0000 - 200 0 ERE, ale 63 x 43.09 kg/m" (Ans) Brert-ae) Pom fon emits Tether ear Oye a fae WT AE ATL n= 10 7M = 2650000 CHfe.cafit | A= 6x5 X32) = 48.2550 n= 10 RR d = $6.00 6.62 = 49.38em Brae cera wera fa ‘ Farce Sowa STE Greer From are FCAT TH, oo are tet PE = 903 9519 75099 GRD amsTs CEG = mA, (d —1) = 10 X 48.255 X (49.38 ~ 13,50) = 17313.89¢m? 2 one enala—9 ase Fate cow Garcon RUETH SAAS | = 13cm rs Bor are ETE CHT aM, Cos Fa EY, ELL BS Fad BS ase, x ‘row an, jd =d—3 = 49.38 4.50 = 44.886m_ 2% 2650000 ~Y90 x 13.5 x 44.88 = 46.04kgfem (Ana) M 250000 am je ate -3) 48.255 X 44,88 = 1223.63kg/em? (Ama) dea Abert. 900 1 Fore fom eee Dh Aton encom We rete aR, aT A ao AD FPR ‘PeUaeReT woth te a weeme mI = 210 cwfaancrh £, a CATS Ts = 1400 cafe fartcrta D=62cm d= 62-6.8=55.20em Avs 4xJ x (2.8) = 2463 6m? neo308 fora oa + Repressor RS Pe acwca, be | 132 (15)? 86 ADEUS! 450 cq? GRA, (4-1) = 10 X 24.63 x (55.20 - 15} = 9901.26 em? eB anaen a | = 10.24.63 (65.20-x) 66x! = 13595.76 246.3% 206 aa 243.78 3742 x L.865x + 1.865? = 206 + 1.865" aA (x + 1,865)? = 206 + 3.48 A (x + 1.865)? = 209.48 a, 14 1865 14473 = 14473 ~ 1,865 = 12.608 em 2 GRR BH ae Cac MeTRTOA A, Ct ra FRET 22208 «203m 5520-4203 = $0997 cm 2M. a} 2.x 1050000 32x 12608 x 50997 = 24.74 kyle? WLUMATIMG, f= 0.451, = 0.45 x 210 = 94.5 kyle? 2 24.74 kyon < 945 kgfem? ‘ore oH, f 1056000, Fas 50.597 = 835.95 kefem? < 1400 kgfem? 2 Rf e0BG eae ote Gon cwT Far |aerate ore dot woreart-a.54.1 arate Ce-Rtcae eran Fee OTR wT | OAR Ataf Sora wee cafe cate 3500000 CHA CrP rm f= 94.5 CHREYOAAR, (= 1600 CAOYAATAR, m= 9, HO AA AR LR, a Pe oe Rath Phares fae ator a | Dace 4 28 AAA OCT AS UA Hat EL a 101 0(«—8) 26-10 (232) aster oon “Al, 1500 (x—5) + 12.5 (x— LOY = 11083.5 ~ 221.67 G, 1500x - 7500 + 12.5x*— 250x + 1250 = 1 1083.5 - 21.67% TH, 12.5x" + 1471.67x = 110835 + 6250 Hi, 12.5x" + 1471.67x = 173335 Hx + L17.73x = 1386.68 Al, x + 2x 58.86x + 58.867 = 1386.68 + 58.36" , (x + 58.86)? = 1386.68 + 3464.50 tft (Baraat TH, x + 58,86 = V485L18 Tl, K+ 58.86 = 69.65 to gesete oer Roma OM aorta Boras aes or AN =f, 2 Rew ceca om eT MT AN, = Tp X (10.79 — 10) = 0.07324, eM HM eee ale BIH, &, cate § - vox xF = 1801079 «EF ~ (150-25) (10.79 — 10) x32 = 809.254 -49.38 6, 809.25, — 49.38 x 0.07324, 805.646,ee oa A Re ™ (Brit ae exert wore EW = (by) 89 = 10925 0282 s014x(i08 = 2910.60f, ~ 37.056. = 2873.56, 2 a ooh we ca wo, Cafe ae, 2873556 =" goseat, ~3570m Fea IS Br ae Cree CAI BIA a T ot AE HEE, Jd=d-¥ = 50-357 24643 0m fom, Cxjd=M cat MBO _rs97 song tose 27598229 «om EI os sengea? 1600 kg/cm? pea Dahs Brreafas TMT cetera ae | Barer 4.30 1 Fore fon ere Aton eR ERE fe af, aE A PME I m= 10 CR GAUGE, M = 2055000 CHRR-CART | f= 94 CHR/AAER, & = 1400 ceB/efcATR, Am x 2 (28)'= 36945 entwersfae crea Pore wa errr FA ‘eee Sew RCW From aren Faces TH, 2 woxuae rr gore rer = BE = OA eos em? RDF ATH INE = nA, (d 0) = 10 36.945 (48-12) = 1300.2 cm* rem S cov d-1 See ITN OF GCE OTST TALS | ‘rove wre abe were AE arate oro seen a a rots 2=2E Me rrasg-aepase AL 702 575x2+1380x — £280 = 17733.6 - 369.45 a 125x" + (1380 + 369.45) x= 17733.6 + 8280 125? + 1749.45x = 26013.6 3+ 140x= 2081.09 x42 70x + 70° = 2081.09 + 70? I, (x +70)? = 2081.09 + 4900 1, (x + 70) = 6881.09 T, x+70= 83.55 x= 8355-70 13.55 em er Goes Tr ATW eC Tm, Coa area Fates m BE Le oya-0(4=) Aa AAs 4x 1403.55" 94 1355~ = 3 — Feta (0-28)-41355-12)(12 BEY) = 402701.48 — 11995,23 = 390706.25 kg-cm_ fe, c =B he-wya-o? 94 x 140> 13. SAIS MS gy (ldo 25) (1385 - 12° = 89159 ~ 957.34 = $8200.66 kg ya 2M _ 39070625 2 ye OS oa a3em 1 jd dy = 48-443 = 43.57 em 30» a0 ° ‘foots oq Bro» sera etfs, ¢ ata BEM anesasig * a s frac =£ {oxo -vy St} = 2 {140 «1355 — (ao —29 ES = {is97-2n39) = § x 197661 = 9370 f Cc _47165.48 fe =5gnap = SRE - 50.27 kavem? (Ans) Me. 2058000 “Add ~ 36.945 x43.57 = 1276.64 Fejem? (Ama) Base 1 aoe a Soret Taeae cones oti a wUT HRS Gat CRP eT ‘Bearer ART At 628 FAR OC AW TTR Hat RE, WH Cf, TAT he er ae hae RATT ‘Peat aE, Ax6x9 x28 = 3694 em? vas cow AUS ase 8M nA, (4 ~1) = 10 x 36.94 x ($5.20- 15) = 14849.88 = 14850 cm’ ore = oala-0 . rma FRAN Sree CORRE ORTH HPS TT | Se snes Sem : FIR, C0 fem TE =F 4S sem + ided- =5520-5=5020em conrmn eft, f= w(a- 21050000 = T2158 «5020 21.12 kglem*04.5 kglem* ‘ “en je M1050, . t Me "3694x5020 - Ned) (cai = 56:22 kgfem? <1400 kpfem? ‘ 2 ARO GGT ee Bie Bou owe NTTwears Cre a2 SHRER-4.20 | ae CNUTHRE Boe AK 30 CHAR acme BIER TT So CAAA Rates SM 19 FAR TCA 3 ar Peceriot Row aR HY Alba edie Cale CATCH 13800 CHAT UFR n = 10 TR, WEN Ey ER fA PT | WAY RAR ee FBO TGR AN RTH 95 CHORE aR 1400 keaton ee, wea Rib Parroy sect Fer mnt se, b=30em 4=50em n= 10 Aa5x% x9? Baten a, 22 -sox161860-9 = 7030 - 141.88 a, x72 472.67-9.45x I, x24 9.45x = 47267 I, x4 2x4.725n + (4.725) = 472.67 + (4.725)? Bh (x4 4.725) 172.67 + 22.33 = 495 a9 = 22.25 2on752(50 = 181.91 kglem? Few seca, (= 94 gem! < 118.91 kplem? aren Sa ore ayes Fate ace M tr ate, Keown 1380000 vase (50-22) = 2203.81 kglem? ‘fea ARICA, f, = 1400 kplem* < 2203.81 kglem* areata Bra Arges Fate a [arecet-2030]Rags x 4 Bri aan foorite oe rer» OHTERT-9.9) 1 BA RAED 8 FO CG CTECAIEAI Aig WATARTH 90 kaena MIRE 1300 kg/em? BH, WX FCAT CTE TOT RAAT 6 Ko ere Ae ete Sa ore Saks Rates FH a crRTS | faretfcat-2o3¢) ‘CO 8b = 25 cm, a= 50m, M = 1543000 kgm, A,= 2345 cm, n= 9. AABAS ct ry omer, b=25em 4=50em nad Ay=23.45 cm? M = 1543000 kg-cm raf onerors Tange, Ba d-9 i BE 5423.45 (50-2) 12.5 x’ = 10552.5 211.05 x xP + 16.884 = 844.2 Pa Dn BAD + BAND = 8442 4 24ND? (x4 8440) = 844247127 1+ 8.442 = TST = 3027 0.278.442 x=21.83.cm 2M wm NR aa, 2 1543000 2521.83 (s0— = 13235 kglea? ‘Firw SENTETT, f, = 90 kgfem? < 132.35 kgfem™ rem Saf or Area Frat ac M A aa aaa a, = 1540.13 ke/em* flew aes, = 1300 kyle? « 1540.13 kale? ear Sat Bn Ager eRaerate ore go ae aM fe, ote Rees fr oR were ReceMe Hy Balanced Ream, Unde Reinforced Beam and Over Reinforced Beam) # , cocra Ba ae ort crrern aefaRD RTI ae Be were tena CRC efieTR Bea foe ae enfartha csi tere APA ame Ete Ch srETCTIT As aka STE SHEL FegET seu st in a rate ape Berths Kaur sel Sel CaTeTCTe FARACETAS wD Fae eras fem ates Few nn, 7s (#) 8 BH (Balanced bear) (4) BsTe faecal (Under Reinforced beam) (1) ora fatacwTsts Ba (Over Reinforced beam) | ((§) HA (Balanced beam) #0 Te, , FB wef vem era CHURN aAVTENS Swe STD cs Bea Beg aR TN a BL CT a Ie BHT GR NET aT AAR (Suess) 7 FT cain fowrbage Face yum Ba (Balanced beam) A MEME fRRATAAATT (Balanced Reinforcement) SE A ‘ata can fount Tres FEMA (Balanced Design) M1 RrweaTre EMEA (Economic Design) 1 coma cet Foerta efiscw yen Reva coax, wef ctr Arp fe Broa Cte AE, (Viel sures) 2° CH eT ee A AT OTT CE cee cre meh fron se] IM AT TETGLS AL 6 eer x CA et Eto CATER EL ATH AT Ca ATTN | WHR A ae FoR Ta TE cin Rare ores Rem a AT CATA CATS TAT STAT BT AER SA MU) STH TOTS sere fru rears ofeers a EE wera, café cm fomres Tere a MA areas Fw (Geonomic) emreTe ax Here TEE ordi bce ce 1 a af A, = A eR Ay pd aR mT es Te Fn at RE | et TS, = fF me een Fate wet = phd CU A, FE ON GR I segearrsc iba ce oot Beg a) oe Farts A, = A ect tena cosa Ff a tof ra eh nce we Agere “pseT Ts WCE ot | (4) SHOT FRATCHMS Bm (Under Reinforced Beam) | t Sea Sas Hat aerate wR CREM wee T amar rena cE fans aM Rourke Ta, TCS wee hw aU Ht AA AAR eT ee hen os ere Be Arg YR ea, a ATR eTE ARATE Ah | OA TAA AT en fortes rer x FRR ape aT NH OTH CTT ftceTAs He A ae STATIN ‘Bx (Unbalanced beam)-9 771) ae Rew aR cate aT ome Ae Bae Sa ace TTA GT economic Section) Um |e Stem ares RD Bie Aha areca wy AAT TNS RHA a mem Ree apr tra eerore ra Meu eH AE rw Berare TLTT (Tension failure) FON 27 re an ere eh org RS ea OH Bh Ret EA eee Fetal om TH GTA E fete Bia Ber veunrcery at wa caren Erne eee AR MTN | ATTA ME Ae HA CPM ee ATT BX EATON | arene REC Ba afta: 3 ae a ras ms a TT 1 Baad come aa Rea en Ca eT oF OTEE TEN ETE 91 tows ee ca wits 2 Vea af Aponte OT 21 CMG Ct ROT ORE AR eHpoe settee Or aco Bt FH FE em SE RACER ERT aR Se AARTCRMENC ER eteIe (Effect of under reinforcement and over reinforcement in R.C.C. beams) 8 + eae andes foros ae Te MTR, COTA 3 () BaeAT AEE (Tension failure) (8) Brrafre UEe! (Compression failure) (9) Pramas ade (Shear failure) Ssote RACH wr, Ff, BL wears ABD es Cope Ate ete Mone afar GT rE j=i-§ <0874 ged take! x95 xos7ex03T8=1561 wea fa, Sow ere b = 25 cm Mf ToRs000 cf or wth, A 1035000 = Tao x0874 30 = 1627 en" — 1G, 0378x045 anh Fae 9 =F =F 1400 EAR A, = pod = 0.01276 X25 X52.= 1659 en? acorn SON FR ACMI MCA CNM ATH RR HT OTM eA TA RE TAA Tone AD aS mT = 345000 Cc ee rte BE HRT HR ANC BW, WA A,= pod VRE SCHR CHAT AST TICE 16.59 SAAR | Fg cafe CATER erg acwE CRATE “ToT TIA, WM M5000 go cat A= ijd 7 Tab0 xog?d yas ~ 542 om ae Bes TL 5.47 THAN CoRR aE TMT THEM TTT fH PA 1400 CafRY HEATH PTE LTR 3) an fiers = 5.42 x 1400 = 7588 Caf os POET RG hl 37858 « Ie ME CHEE = bh = 251965 a1ser pom Ait =£ a, C=Tabx hax 7588 ~§ 4915 27588 vk aos = 30.88 glen? ae TM oe Bit ATW ATT 94.5 CAPPER weer eS HER TR BIRR TE HI He ees CO ce pen Boe RT TCH A MC ANT URE ARCS Fs TN | SHAT, ATER KL gears ARG crn a AGA HT IC Me IE RATA Be =0.01276a dou aries HeRey acre 21 Whee orm wee & qarr Frraifcat-2c0e, 08, o4(f), on, 38, 38] Sea, Gers orety ane Ft? 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[erefieat-sor0, s@] r) CUTE STELLA, Bea Bis corer ei CHR om BIH ETAT PRE CREM ANREICT FORT a, ICE eR HE GIES UE TT AD ame Hera aE AIA Be eH, aH Seer pe Ih a moms tren ns aK aan fowttce Tome Barts a Beery fears em | wea aCe CTE FSM A AT | S01 RR Aer oe we ar terefiet-2038] Ee) 2 Bisa ae v4 arora aR exe amare BoM ARE ATE RCS EU we Ba HE Reta U6 coms Cora more Riohtat sect atN A De) Ste Recents thx ace ary leratfirer-goos) See, SHE REACTS Shy weTS A gate Frrefict-sose] sta Rare Ata ast Roa of re a ores mE AH ace Bera arte er eae ed ae a maT om ofr eH em Be RUT AEE HRCI ‘Frofeat ater =TT 21 sofa tacts oes HEI leretfice-xoov, ob, 93, 96} awa, goin Aiteefe fa Ie TH? laretPrem-xos¢] GED) «Pero coves mens cose one Te cmeom esa So FT, HEE Sea crs ee ese em afta Tht Bea TIE AR Ae esta Sh eo MU eG ares feenora te coh tae FARMS TART em ee EH ae eT taTeMte Su a | 221 ear Ritrents fy Rete ud as scar Sore tacts Rome ae wea Theta tare eee RH | ROR SE TN EH CHAR Pica erp wraTEM CoC Ty | 01 SRE ARRAS Rive eo Ca te ted Bp Frtetfica.2008, 0@, a8, 26) ‘sts ftaceets Twn aren one aera rary aes RU a em a cota od SAC FN Ore FR, Sess tea Se AON ay ofEaES Uwe fa aN TTR EH MEETS Sof snom una emt Sore wea ay SRR Ge wa ARAM arate BHT EU oR emer erg arg CUM eR RTH ST Fea Ae Bla a ca | 31 WRTUICMS hy are aH? Le) ce 7s Beas a0 eu fetes yoren ca tae RRRACRAEND TE a eH, Ce Serres Sx aon | tre a weta ETC Ak eemreeys Au Roce fee S21 IRR oe COTES TP lrretice-xoo¥, 90] CRB 2c 2 ae one wa wn org Box be ora og eat es =e EE) acc 8x fevers ae are ona | ot SDRGRRS ener gy ose arf Pramas Ge |>> fatetfeat-2030) () Section (6) Temsformel Section (o) Stess Diagram argent nena ca, Frac we Cee TAR MATS AAARG ee Diy Bec FeefOa Deformation) TH seat 1 wr weiner Bt 05 cal MA | sr FI eC FARE RC MMRDA HES care afta ma Frgs wOrco ot ofits Ape AB mH, Fe HETG Sele ler Ae 2 ae FRG WDICS AAD SUT nO Age RIE NTR MER Bee FRG RE mT CHT (Transformed section) <8 WAH IMM A, COAT | at ecaetin Ba 8 nent OP aM MR ERT A nA, farefirat-2o0u, 09, 38) bx SE, TTS CHM ORTH TT FA, “5~ = A, (d—%) 1 5 fe) we 4.0 RET | 81 STS ARCHES [ararat-2008, 24] ein HRMS Bema ATT Nee TCT FA | reas ines FAC CHT RM GEE) wee fercenis o ours HEreTs ts arate ReaCarE I wea RS 3) te Fad mg GW Reiter pa a RRaceNiS GM Sal TH, SAF wie TST ‘fates A at TT RCC Sa Re feats wen er ca aia fe aTCOPiOS TA BM EN, STA SIE oor fetaceris Im ae RT a Ae Gare, career Aa Riera Argora Bere Sagat | tr aia ares Sa ms Tie aioe Oa wee Tate ake) PRN aise Ta La Hee AOR cae aA OM, AR ae corer Sn Fret | ei 2 Siew eee For Om ips Serr wT aft ees WA srepfact GS THA ref T Ta ta a Ga EM AH ET veo fia ad Reata ot meserie Fteen sem wa wr Reena aaa a ET wm OT ST | TET Bia TO Sie wel aa eee aE sente a Oa Gre a ad Ra A Sa OT carn adore Fron afeaTe eR es ee Fe aT RUE [oi Rome aft i at aT gree Shea ATTOPE | 9) SR eR AI OY | Tae 4 rains Oa aieiase ARTA aT SE |of a3 320 a , ‘Boma ore arere-> SP, A tee ean Sera AE AER RCA RICA ETE ON | ‘iia oder ere meee ee ae, CONT (®) BRIBE TSI (Tension failure) (2) vievarare =p (Compression failure) ! ISTE FRICAPIeeS CAL, Sm ames weAD Lore Cort oS Te one ore ae Ga Biora TererR wae rea | aes Ce ater acm (wea he AN (Ductile) eT AEM ap RA, rea mente ea ar ae Be a Rou eh aE tg WCE TR fea Bea mS eN aT he rresorgers UAE get Fat TH Sree, Geta RRMA is, A A ere aed SCOT Gros atten fre eth see Bema eher weep wea eet Bt MRA eH) ACR Pre Eel OH | HERE A Brinley Tem Ay ATE RKTE CE CORR COMIN METRE Riche eT EE Mt sexe Paper are eh wea Fa ew aN aT Beton core eat 9 cH, f= 2M : vale) ey) see 8 ea, SEALE, Bae Co ane RETCRTARS aem were ARCA etera Bare hat (aretcat-g030] RA, RCC TO WHT THT w WERE HRTEM ete eat I Freifreat-ro20] GEE) owe nate, Tetras orm teftre mremterT are BAe face oN UAE Hers AE RT EE ‘Sa ET Fea want Hct CMR TNT Fs ot Barr a | GREE) =m so nats, ISTH RETHAS Ah @ wore RARE Some afore fi | [arettcat-2008, o@ GE) ser fect tas aftr 31 ae gerne are en Aten and wee MRS TAM! ATH | 21 TE eH tee Ole aa iT aH AT 9) 0 Fo som caf) waft 3c mea of Argel a a 1 GT cafe sat CATE AB | a towns Tas atts DUTIES CRIB refarcie Crema hem TH | 1 Benet ca emt UT, CHE ATL a ota wats 2 eR aN en, 8 ree TE Tee TT ANAT 1 catia here RT CaP TH | 01.0 Rm ee FRa et el cc mereererea Pre Keto MoM ae 25 cafe, GER eSKTT sy CHA | IE 22 RA OTE 4 rw er ww FRC TEE ATER WAY Trea CMT cal CATON 14000 CAFR AROTT ER n = 10 TET eect RTCA BI AH, fe ATU OTA AN, I PA Re) rss s8 ato: obras SH RE 30, CHR x 50 CAR 1 TT TEN TE 45 coHRR ae ee Atom ACA 9400 cfr Fr car AE | ATE 4 19 FRA tet IS RG eT TT | es ea HD ore ETC em A efter AV ey Rear ATE CAPE, n= 10 | fo) Breas-o.s0 2a | a BARD ce Ahern STATIN AV waTEETH 94.5 Colle / THAT ee 1400 cafaeforTh TE TA ‘eo wee TCT ANT we eon ers Ah Kw eae AtaAD AR FA CNMI | waht b= 25 CAR, d= 45 OAR, M =15, 2,000 CORAL, A, = 22.79 REE an =10 [ssa wero fa ea BA rCARR eT 192 CHAR, CT IR 12 CHAR eae Heme CATS BINT 48 CMA FRO we ARTOG f FR fa WT PA RE Re 4 — 32 FAA OTe He ARTS EAT eR UH 7.35 OTR cafe cater = 12500000 CaP -caFt fe — AT SAAT AER = 94.5 CoH CHAR fy SR TEM I = 1400 CRY MCHA n= 10, b= 25 oft Fo) Berer-9.98 ART Ror SR FA STAT AI mE eS MARAT Ca TAT i TRONS 6-32 FAR TEE TT HRT HE fa GUT RATT . GEEREED) ress:23 @ (Flexure Formulas for RCC Beams in WSD) TC vo enc fetes srefore wre AFH. te GFE FM (The formula for RCC. beams in working strees design (WSD) methods) & b.> eso EA BURT TARW Gre MtatPFAR (Basic assumptions used in developing the flexure formulas) + eed cay Ya aT afte DR AG AACE ATR ONey Com RIbIONE a BEE Boa TH AR ae mH, cores Brn Ahem afore ecw ace FRc et ws Tae a A BAT“ AR aS CN AN oT ‘rt Ags eee aS” wre era FFE wen a, he SOAR Bem ema pee a Gare WEE TA, BLP Sra cwam RUT OTHE OR, Bw OH Ager TI ae AY 6 ae Feo eT (E, TRE) am Tat, n (HEE cate) ax MIKE Bra FSa vas, ff, Ba Fora IR Freee was afore ifr Steen TR Ba AH, RTE 3 case aa cd Blova ge COT eee, REE ae ete eT CORT ITE | BR GORA SARS Ue (Fre) Reg a Rete srw coe RT He maa 21 BAT oe EN Ke MEE TENT! (Adhesion) Fen erew Fate Borate eee isc ROTTS COPA FAB Ee AT | 9) eee Ba Ape afc weOe sepia cy eat aE ae TEE OM ATR effecaIG OT sregtstea ween Boa fda on eT 1 Hw ae Beles Farge Far MRR SATA AT eR RLF 7 (Hooke's law) ORCA BATA | v2 UH WHE UIE Tow Ape-fagfon fia (The stress-strain diagram of loaded R.C.C. beams) 8 UL rar Neutral surface” 4h -| fasts me ALP Awa tg, ph 9 eRWSD refers oA, ftom Gree ae de v0 Sm Car Sats eTeRere GRRE EL TARE GREG TI (Notation used in ‘flexure formulas in the W.S.D method) & cat PA, treme cae aR Ret Frat re amet a AT, WaT a x- > 30KRERE? ha af cera Bact Fey (fea v3) ror ef wee bes Fgh Bron fifears wes, colayofoihi 2039000 cofay exfcaft (2900000 os /=Hf8%) aefards fafoane one, cofayofort Ww! a2 epee WH x ai aibe/a Bhe CHR, W = aS afr efetia wT = 2.323 Ba/RaFIDrR (oneal 150 eTBS/ee) ere af = era fears omnes 209000 *Woxanele ‘fie oe UTS TTT ikea Befancda cee Bm SpA, cofer/artonhe ova bre ated afte ace aes Bel Ah, coffee fon ay, oft ema ot coma ware fy core erent sesn waty eG, cof ace eh te (Elfctve dept) 0-221 re Bacar ore are ence bo cee a re RG ee a IR BoM SETS = ME era ero wie tee ESM cw Ret SH, CR Rowe at Spee ate fg 9 Bm Ager coeenga mera Hy s onde Steere ATE =e rg Fey Bin Arg coro oe re, cf Rey eee ETA (Couple) WAFTET wifes Hey | Rew me ren erRTTE CRIA, WiC, ram aren ceCROTR cere Ait ae cweENT SET, p= EE adit wi Regn we 2B eon cre, cofo-ca rete aese Der Apa wat 8 afoot cay, cre cen We AR AE TR, co _aeina wears Frc Mf a, coe aren oes Be Arg MR a, cae,at a3 238 fearta as Greom-> v8 Sm cor fBwits tefce oA, Sem wT GreoIA BR FRET (Derive the flexure formula for R.C.C. beams in the W.S.D. method) & a, PF Arora eR ae Sep ae fs, Arona aac iar Frys Fame er ee TA Ae sar meric (fin # v2 Fag bay ee ae aR ore wre AtpRe fm tice Cra Mera CHIR Rata Rages Foc rw cece ORE Hed AFAR UTE | RATER, FSR UK (Modulus of elsticiy), aes AIPA (Unitswess) Eo Gea Fee (Unit strain) “4 fe Be fe fe ag yee Cr eps Facet re Cece HRCI ie TNH, OTR, Ayo kd MIR A, (d — ed) fs Bag Ee fobs She *1-E se fa) Ey ‘sive orf, n= Ee fe ik rer fe ke 5 “M-w fk FRA f= nfo (=k) a. aR f= ERT 25 Aa BS TR Kf, = nfe— kf kf, + okie = nf, ok (+ of) = nf fe wie Cf at oot xa | @WS.D refers a F.. Fo Greer a eeftetea oe AR rete Roe CHIE, Me = (1G 6 AN x BI aera wef CEM) x Prete Sr et een eae, Farce ce Bte Ape A HT ae ERAT IATA FLAT, agama apn = EE eres arom De I = kdxb 2 Bist Alera a a, ce} fox kd. b. M, =Cxjd= 4 fbkdxjd =} kik arava RE SEPIA, M, = =F fyb Mag taka... @ ee My = (ee Aa x hoa cee) x fret ‘tora iG ea pay Bho aes Te AH =f, oat ware ee om cre = ‘br Figera aie am, T= AL, ‘afce rors aeGaRT Hy = jd rea effec aT, M, =T jd = AG id RTA SAT, My= M = Afi M=Afid = fre, Apo MeM,=A,f jd = pb fd = pb? a, roma aie tteet, J: crea, THe Cae CHIE aiflrraneh CaCI oe FET, ome Mo=M 1 1,5 jk? = M Fag Fak = 8 Les BAG Rr wo fj. PARE TH TH] iM. au)ot 23 dw feats oe reo Jame ree, wR, ae Bit Atpcna n cong Bore cae AS acy aE am MB “CORT ae aig arg = jd ka + jase neal ne a wat ee RS 0 hone ce Em a Ore MM, aid atone ait t oP oe 1) fe eaten = 68 UI HTT seat P= 2p00-#) 71, = 2pn— 2pnk i, + 2pnk = 2pn 1, (ey? +2. pn + (pn)?= 2pn + (on)? *1, c+ pa)? = 2pn + {pn}? kt pn=fipn+ (om kes VBpn (pm) ?~ pees oN)(iD Ac pb Go) Mad gue 0) My=AsGid = phibd® (xi) et ‘7000 VF UEPSS, system, f= Psi or Ibvineh?] 2x10" 2 1 oye: SE sistem f= MP, or, en aT, §, weer Ai f= Bom an AiR newer ae ke = Pacer wre ae rot eorente ETE wide ey TRG (ka) @ dae TS re pcr fi Fay are Bea Aer os Fy oes HET J) @ dee SITE M, = Pea ere CTT My = Bom ae eee coe : p=fion cafe 1 d= GR oC, cm , b= Sema ary, cm i M= cafe cen (x 42) keem A= Reema mre CR (MT CTR) CORTE, com? = sefinaba feos ORE, kpfer? E, = Bom aa fafoarre ees, kelem™ aqRe ‘foerts Se aTeO-> bt GRFDH RPT TARA ARIK ARPT FRI (Solved problems using the flexure fornmla) Does 1 a hone CERETE A, 1, = 1400 GRAMM, aR AM wt Ap, f= 210 ofa mm = 10, SION TORT SALA, Re FONT WET jp RT PT | f= 0.454, = 0.45 x210= 94.5 kglem? 10 Tap 70.403, io+ges 2.403, 3 = 0.866 nod tueed 945x086 10105 = 168 ‘Sarert-y.2 1 aS carretera cee, A. AA, RoE ety 25 Caf ame SHEER ASAT 40 CR Bure fea 20 FRR OTe Te eters ARCA fence area wet em See cafe CAINE ws AER A A vf CHIC Part Fer ITS tee farefren-2030(f8)) ‘WeOTAA § f= 1200 kpfem’, f’ = 210 kglem’, rong ttexa sqeTa fier en im fatter of crm STR, OFC oe ANE WIR aTCHTERT Rove ered CRMTEM = b xd = 25 x 40= 1000 cmé ore Brora CMI, A, = 3xE x2" 9.42 om? k=-3p8 > Gay = pa = V2 0.0094 55) + (0.0084 x)? 0.0094 x9 =0335 « j=1-F 0.888 “wefan afb CATER, Mat jb? SOTA, £ = 0.45 f' = 0.45 x 210 = 94.5 kplem* 2 Mesh 945 x O.886 x 0.335 x 25% (40)? = 5622372 kgeem are Tie CAGE: TNT, M, = A, fd = 9.42 x 1400 x 0.888 x 40 = 468437.76 kg-em aOR M, > M, Pre afi, OW = 468437.37 keem2-¢-blabilh bi Lgliagy WD tefere OTE ALA, Sore Grsors 7 a Srert-+.0 | Perera merce ee eer oT. A. Pt Soe OT et Apc eecaner arc PEST feretfic-300%) Wr sates corey 25 ffl eg AB, £, =1400 coftyertcnt, £, = 94.5 cofayarionh, d= 43 CHR an =9 8 9 mete “5 tao 70778 345 jai eos orrat wi, Bra Agora aforaee cory, My= Aid ates A= dF x (2.5)'= 19.63 en? 1 My= 19.63 x 1400 x0.874 x 48, = 11529249 kg-cm . Brertr.8 1 ae rmerere whe oreerere ewe One 6 fer ar Bora Rowe reer owner aff FOE 2aOG 2100 cae ots amOKE FS sre From wert mrICT SITeTER fafa aT RPI © conete feat rr freifarar-aoo, 9] went 1 f.=1400 cafe/atena, £/ = 210 caFa/ATAR, ne 10 A> formas come + STC FRR CAMS, w = 2100 kgm, 2 afB OT, W = WL = 210056 = 12600 kg so ts Prat wes often fms, v= % = 1250 _ e300 xg tatoo AC CoRR CATES rc ear ca oT, + M = 22S 199 = 945000 ke-cm ape Qeora noes: {= 045, £' = 048x210 = 94.5 kgm? wey ia = nee 0+ gRs jot-f a1 22 conse ed taxol 1985108660409 1649 WA A, b= 25cmye0 ‘Fea we SrwoTAy 25 fifa Wo Te TATE SAM Cai HHT, xem AS + yw rae 788+23 + Soml Ee wa S Co He] 7884 125-45 = 54.130m~=545.em 2 d= sas-(5+ 15 -625= 4825 em 2 RoR OTR = 25 mx 545 em me Dorie woe CHES M ___s4s000__ 2 A= fgd = T400% 0866x4825 = 16-15 em! 25 RA oe won CHAE =F x 25/72 491 en? rea afb 25 FRAN TION FE TAN FATS TT | [= b= 250m 1 bas * i Brreet-v.c | wad ret aAfiag Here Sterets mute TE UG 7 ACT Bada ae fda Ores Bara ‘freer coer 1600 oe one area RTE ara Fiera CUT MEIC MMERATA Haba ere, sieht onsheet en fitacentoacon sftart feta we Feranfircat-n033(*f), 3038] 1400 kp/em®, £’ = 210 kglem?, n= 10 Bora Bon eT Farge CMT, w = 1600 kgm, mtb ons, W = wL-= 1600 x 7 = 11200 kg snes ete Pate 3 ties eiasm Feta, v= = 11200 _ 5600 kg ro Ah CoRR CHET 8 = 653333.33 kg-em bd-C-blabli bin alinayWD vrefece wa. Bora Graota yes at Tom aiaet + . {2045 f'= 05 x210= 945 kglem? . 10 ke = 0.403 1400 = are Orsay x ned eel xsusxosenxouoe1609 Teas arth He, , anf 8, on Breet = soem = 39.81em = 25cm 22 Fath ara He eaeTE HEM, GT TBAT, or Dad +e we 15d emstieon edo @2e3) 239500 he 5 anit FOr CRE M t +A = ASEG 65333333, ~ Tid x066 3950 7 1354 6m* 22 FAR CR ATER CMI = Fx (2.2)? = 3.80 een? emu et = BS a 3.552 a 222 ToS AB are eS ACR TN @ Fore Be EHD eT bene ls o-ten —H 6d-C-blQbIRE bis HalingydoQ ‘faut wa revs RHR .y 1 HP aa OPER wITETeTE Bore RITE TT OTE 6.50 fH) Taba erry Fert cee af fRbIeE 2500 cafe weer TENT cree Rost weihta fees Saba wre © eI coraTE stats FE WTAE & f= 1400 kplom’, F, = 211 kgfom’, n= 9 Faretfiten-203¢(*f)] Airis FOURS Oe Stowe Bora FOIA FAG CTE, w = 2500 kam GIB Cmts, W = WL = 2500 x 6.5 = 16250 kg. ag ets Para § rts seis € rate cate CHER, 2 2500%658 + M == M = = BOORES" 09 — 580208.33 kg-em wats Town orders {2045 f= 0.45 x21) = 94.95 kglem? 25 Fafa are we eeTE Ba CaN TERI, pods ge woe =470428 45 50.95 ~51 em, + 3)esrsem +. Afia SPR = (28 x Si) em Ae Gait aTer CRT 2 25 Fat rere ae afb Motes WereyS Bou ees RAE BAER AD-C-BIOBUE bin bliWS.D Tefece Safi, Fors Gree a yoo Bat v.41 eS NOTA RO aN 30 cm 6 BH NTT Sem | HATS SF 19mm TT AA TT rR GID 28 FRA ACA ANP 200 kgem?, rere SACTATANT AAG 1350 kefem? HR n = 9 TH afcatt coer PT frrerPicat-2ose(effa), 98) ERIE) ere et cet = bx = 3055 = 1650 em? 14. 18cm ck afpns a? — pn = 3 990.892 «0.324 x 30% 55? = 118023642 Kgem ae Die aiferatel cae, My= Ayhjd = 14.18 x 1350 x0.892 x 55 = 939155.58 kg-om M, os eect ascent CHENG = 757750 kg-cm arma ofa, afte carers = affect carers BRM = Me RI, Ma = 757750 ke-em. i we “ x 100 kg-om E1002 757750 =e 1683. 16 ym Sf ee Fags ors fea 1684 kg. sR erp A Fhe corp eR Bc Fge TEER a we 1684-33) kg = 1354 kg (Aus) Wrarty. | eet mereters EPre Strererr wre. Store re OrG 5 fibre: afar Seta 10,000 cae cts Sr ws wae | AF, = 210 CHRP, £, = 1400 CHEVRON aR n= 12 4H, wee a TRC BATS Correa fea FFE farafrat-goso] Aart-> fomnes CMTE 3 off, Toa STeTH = 25 x 55 OT 5 Ree = 2S SS 5 2400 = 1650 kg arcana Fags cat come, = 10000 ke aiD mE, W = 11650 kg ‘ates, mes fa rete ftionm Fra, Passe ate wh AFR CI 1 acs ere ca cae + ME = NEES 100 = 728125 kgeemWD eho STE. Rea rT yee at-8 Bim tSizot + f= 04ST, 045 x210=945 teen! 1 ema arisd 18h, ae" 1a = O47 2 = 0.851 1797 x25, 1 = 40.26em {jk = 5% 94.5 0.851 x 0447 = 1797 2S mum IPR HS asaera ATM COTS eTtET ror Dads gw watt =4026 3345 =4651.em 47cm «dna? (5438) 247-625~40.75em A ere TR = 25 x 47 em -¢ GAR CST CRT 5 2.em “M___128125 Avs Tjd” Ta00 x O85] a07S = 150m? 2 CEH Fe =: zamm ror a Cw =! x22" =380en? stem] (60.75 10 sssaat | spear 4 £8 22 FAR TETA aE ARIA FATS HT te 5.25 om a alata eI AS j= Rowe me Agra wf Fo 9 Bm Agee crates MTR IEG Gwe stro gE =F eo Stra Face ee ace agora BM cena a oe Ey ao SR IE eT ats =H be fom ag, oft d= Reve ara ot, OFyee foots sr OT) a) Aen ef ene Ar faretfeal-goas] EID or rece wt Fe (cy ae Berge Fg CT) ca WETTER AA ST O) SRR RCC Rom weet Aas ore A EVE tarmifaca-2ooal EEE) Fer ors era fern ee Bras goat er Retea es aR Cr one METER aT, se (4) | 8) aera exe utes erm Fret Fee wat A | reica-scodl SEEN) er ee Fao ye mee wT 8 CCH Lem TT ot Ee ate BETES CRS £9 eG At BE : C1 AIOE koe et RL ry ferePrat-go3e], avd OM, k = Roe Fac ore are AAS exe ania NEizer ETE ne myts aie = £, = WreH Trt Aig kgicm? fe = BEECEA BIA FIST kgfom* orfies acaTed ¢ D1 ORR fer rma a Rate CR MPRA | fetePiat-2008, of( 1), o&, 30, 23, rok, 36) Bee, ROC FHette Crem Ia Peeters wey A Sy ANH ere FATT eT AE farefirat-2o>3] Bee, Gara Fears NT MTRETOTAT CN | farmfra-aosel EEF) 2 56. ru feertteaa ap farerere ey fon infre ereeN TTT TAT TH Nes 31 CHE es pe Ate ARIE TAR AIT, CE AH IS COMA TEER | ig, CHR GARE TTL Fibre) FP a FMM CE EA FTN TA TEM 2) veh ae TOT ARG AAR MET (Adhesion) FTA atom Fhe Berea Papen aCe ROME CORRE AB RRA ve weft Bra Apr fray were meytare aaner wa mA a era Bee Apa ecfeeRTR sreepfotea aca Soa Fr ea | 1 Te ae BERND Fehon Aad MeN BATA AT ARE ECHR FL (Hook's Law) CHCA DATE | RLM = 224000 kg-cm, B= 15,61, b = 30 cM RCC Aatea weet Stare Pas a 1 [aTRFEEAT-R0>9] a) or a, tel tr, = 21.87 ~22 em (Ans) iWS.D srefere wa A.A, Sema GeTOTE TE p04 arperrgerer engrafir s 3 SEE, Fete aren Reet At Ape SE A TARE LOMA TN S| SARE br. 6 0 HBT | ab ere con ae Here ee OTTER TARR, Tora CR MN FE, k= ae PREM apfirs TET FE) Feretce- soot, o&( fi), 30, 93, 38, 38) SER, RTT CHC OTT SRE A CH, = | aE MTA TOF EH TY « (aretra-ao39] eee, rs caren fae OT RTA RAT CHT TATA FC, i WWereT-Rosel eT, Sa AT TMCS TOT RCC. ORR WT RL GH, Ko ST | CI SRT TE wea faraPicat-203¢) et, REAP eR OR CTE BN EE ORT AC k= Se [retftcet-aoae Seed 2) ORE v8 ARE ot STEP ora Cran eI FH Ce, k= /3pm + (pa)? - pm eCTMTR FS wd AT FT] CEE) ores, 81 eB Ree cmon rae ee On, d=9\ ME prec etre ede RA] (ateIPzA-2008, oP( ff), 38 Rb EE oes eo 21 OTRALM, Rome CER eI ER CH, Me =3 fe bkja? Preowned xe HUA faraAT-R00y, oF EE ewes el WAS ITE RCC. beaut EAI AACA TENT aren FFOPY SoH TY effi fibre Bre Page once afer Far a [areca 3035 “WHT 8 PUTA I = Gm, b= 25 cm, d = SP. cm, Ay = 18.4 cm’, f, = 70 kg/em’, f, = 1250 ke/ent, n= 9. SEE ors eno) ar METH Sa, PAH. Siew RTA 30 CHAR x 50 CHAR | rare wethta rereT ol amnrais etfecaTe oxen PTR Be f= 1400 CARA TEAR, (2 = 210 Caf eTOARR, n = 9, EAR = 5 CARA SR) Sores vl ROPE LAUR, Sora at SAT 45 cat | Gece 3 19 FAR TTR AS Tee at WATE | WA £1360 ERY AAOA, £.= 94.5 CHB/AAARL eR = 10 RICA OO FRA Cr ARTA CATR AF P| SaTE 8.0 Ae SRM | at SPE LALA, ere ete 25 CH ree ere erBtaet 45 Ca em Rom wenn eT eAACRT Caf CHIR Fie FT was 2 4, = 1400 ORIYA, f/ = 210 cafByeteARR, n = 9, wer = 5 CHR BER. RCL der ARTES HS HUTT Shae OH 6 FAbA Gera Bere aif FADra Vues Frere SoA 1800 CF me | Fra wea ATCT aa eT TP RR HAT TN AR S| Waa $F, = 1400 kefem [= 90 ke/em?, m= 10 EEE ene —— oe —_(Shear Stress) d.0 BAAR, Storm Paz ANA (The shear stress developed in RCC beams) & 1.3 RAL A, Cw feats aH otaR ANGER FETT (ETect of shearing forces and stress on R.C.C) 8 fee ncaa re PAR, thre Fw Sem a ae FT AACE war eat Reema aT EE va, Set Bo a CmTEUR Hr NH CaS TEACH Feo aH, COMA ted Sr wT ATS fee an eH Frm eo eps Ace Fee wom Baca a Ap ae es Bos Agere aU | TET oF seRora cwraTghA BIA (Diagonal Tension) a ERA FR CORTE Bi, TAR @ Bae Frere fers eT: ora reece Bef Armen aera ata Bee covaTgAH Bre en ee | ea te we Fes ew pa eta ae ae ree Be HECMACNTG TC ET FART AT mC a a eR EST Bp carat is ents eee aes at ee Them CATARACTS AER | as Rewer Arp, v= Spo rc a at ay, AARC Ce a5 Coe RENTER | ‘Berea fom ABCD raf ween Bera Fen feat craton eeane | Te acea Eo Fite AeA (v) fies sca, war ef, BD Tare ote Ahr ae FAC aaa DA Atyeaa YB MH Bin tga a1 BH Age Sou’ flee AT Co) FMEA | Sere A AAD re EM RH eA HOA TAT (Materials) RA AEM AA AA te, BD TAT oe Are farm ara 1 Soraice, aft sf ster Bea ada ae, Bee BY RT AC a4 same a oo Ee RST TST TT | . B.8 He ie at coratgRlA Bicia Gra (The explanation of diagonal tension) & Ba, Mors Bra age cemoa we Ber PRaone wow Saag RT At oR Ree SC Argo A aH 9 wr Twa we CARS IT ae TR De Arp, ae mM aa CAE > fea add sebor PR e Mhors ere AMIN i pTeTC Mice og tore ace fice wibOGe faa IT OM TE 56 Coe EMER Fe TSAR CL ANA BOT aH CARS we AE RE, wre MIATA Goer (@iagonal Tension) 1 GAR BH TH |‘Pan Aiea 30d Ahtes trate wide afees Fa a ws SIpy ABH aE Tree Fat Seu | FRE TST VICE Fe ee am HH em AS AS ACH HA TAT HRI | TE MIG HA He era ae, ONY ae TELAT ‘Beet (Horizontal component) aR Nigt Beiter (Vertical component) weTEAKE aI MTEL TER wT AF, ker orefoce wer Fal eH Ce, CAE Bieta Baa eM TRAE @ Cae Treva as am florea «eae De afeae sate ea UMMA ee eR BEN Bre atoew saUS Hor SMT AG MS TTT Fa AT SAT TT 608 YG TEM (Stirrup) FH tor eg ogee 6 Ops tea 8 aw Syefie © Celie flea wr cers) TARAS CraE AR Brae capes Ba Fra weer TCA AMI AT RT IR Cae BHO a GT Soret Ts Feu garalh FPeaea AC ‘Bera Frater aoe ace aay Fate ANG (Unit shearing stress) TH | Beas ca eet Dra Alga efocatenr wea MMMM ACE MTT A A, TNT St wECe Corea free fH eM UL AC TM CAG! CMT (Cranked) WE Cate Colt cree Fra afer foes are wo Femme AN ecm ck RRACHPRaTS were RACER acm | etRSTT 10° 12 FRR (8 3 AH 4 FET) ATOR ET U" aw" TTR TUR ce HG ne ame ea aH Hears ete Cah ee "Ww" STeTEAE HBA ea HL do BRR HAS BH Afb FHT (The causes with sketches which create diagonal tension) % Re org aR a Te A TE IC eR RR Aho CH TT FEACEPMES TE, wre EETATH A At aft RRRrCEMors Teele EM oat ABwENA aioe effemret weus AACE MEN aaa AT TH CHAE BT (Diagonal tension) 0% AE AH | CAs Berens ate Tem Ae TE a MTU ETT TE Ew ome ce, Pra ce hen ae Ia BIR A ATH eT | 3 me Rr cae caren ra Pra RPA ca, THR Fie CE Brace A Ae CE RE CE | TCE TMT AT DMCC wR wR ate ATH 45° Cotet AF KU (fous a.0) aR TEETH oO ‘eOMOCT a TET =I 90" CA SARA | CRACK CRACK 45° SII ho fomab.8 men Sem Fn cra ove cafe mT ger oP eH, ON HN FRET FTA Flexural shear a en cae abe A eH | AR WC Brea SARL MT TE 0" Ca TATA wes (NH >. 8) cock | Y farne 0; Rea Sora ecramrgw cones sera (COME CTSA Can) OM aeee TG aEAD BAe! aos FR ea POM CAE iB A AEH TT TAT ETSTS ATO ea | a TIA NSIC Ca wi “w81 (Diagonal compression failure) WH ((6H # ¥.2) |380 ‘Foarer orr aaeeTa-> 9.8 Soma Prana Apr Fefcea 3M (The formula to determine shear stress developing beams) 2 ae, Be Bute trate arte Hore eo Ser are Gait Reacemteacta far fefe aT WIL RR CAE BR (Diagonal tension) AFRcATCNR VAD EH FRRACRTAON 1 RAM (Stirrup) © CHA STOR, ‘fe Sata ray ea | RD fing fat Fe OT (vy aoc aCe TT ATA See BB HU CCA (v) ci wf afanca teeter Fra CF (v,) ET CAPM Re, ea HOMME AICTE 7 Pasay wea af, Vv = ces crea frame crete ofr, cofa ve rete ewe Fr Apes faa, cafe, b= Bones, oft d= os arte stacy, off jd= 4 A eR OR Agere afacrs eee RG, Co fang Prone clr Pecan ery Roa cr-cars SL WE Ua RRceoaT AR ATR SC AS =e, Bera Baw tra RPA, Ve RR em TA PABA RU ETE VGA ta Bin Ap @ Bt Angers Toe ATTRA oe TETAS APS see Aa FRC CreMCrA CH-Ce PRATER AG aA aa AR caterers Teenie CHM AT A fra 'y' Frqes corer fem TM, = 0 arth, VAL + THejd—(T + AT) jd =0 BI, VxcAL + Txjd Th - AT}¢=0 i, VAL - ATid=0 i, VAL = ATi. ...Q) OH, XE TT RTS We ATS I CRITI = AL Prete. | ee Meetstey PTs ITerate Aes MEER BUT 50 OHH ae Ty 25 CHF aE OG 6 PROT eae ae ef Fitba UAT ARrere CoRRTE 3200 CHR ES CMT ET HL WAR v, = 5 Coleen aE, ‘wen Reafie Pam araaeaT erates IR FHP W. S.D. eTeFECS RIT feretficat-rooy, se(af)) ‘stan Fra Ag, v= 2 TA, Vig = TONE OH A RG RT PH = Vw 3h b= Soe ME = 25 om d= Rexe HGR Ba = 500m ‘ara, v= Hots Pr wi _3000%6 ath OE 5600 ig FIER Vq = 9600 ~ 3200 x 55 = 8000 kg vagy "6A iwlem? fir GS Se AMICI freA CE, ve= Skwem’ < 6.4 kgm” year, Patt arate cmt CRY SHEET. | ae wiTETEKT EPs StreteTE tone Ors 7 HATH, ey 40 CA, eR MBteEt 60 CAFR ee ween sat | aga three anf FAbHa Oe Peet ewes ETE SOMO CHA CMTE ABTS FITS eH! ators HAM A ‘Pratite ReaceTford eee ecu wien Fer W. SD. UECE TMT | v= 5 kg/cm’. ae, BERG, b= 40cm aay Bawa ASHI, D = 60 + 5 = 65 cm om ¢p Bw Fort owe = SS 52400 = 2368 ig (iy ea Bees TAPAS HR = 8000 x7 = 56000 ky 0368, 60 arts, Van VE icG8 = 0181-88 xD a rsoopskg + v= BBS 6 10,42 kyon? > $ kylom? ean, Saitew Feat apeercR ac STE‘ra 360 Prtert-s.0 1 areetera Uhre es sate. Fe. A, erTeTeTE Hore wore 5.5 fre Aaa a HATE BTC Frere eT 1800 Cee From wr eR 2000 CHR Te we ICat MS | Hale ete 25 CHR ree CHAD EhTET 55, OF Catt eR S LEH U.S. D, TURETE Fate Aes RATA SIGERG om, W,= LAD + LIL = (14x 1800) + (1.7 x 2000) = 2820 4 3400 = 5920 gyn ‘ait fio, v, = Me = S8O%SS _ersors alba arte aSxer = ca tre — ca wok 255-5 =S0em eT Ce a ATR PTE, Vag = Va — Wa TES 50 = 16280-5920 x 755 = 13220 kg. Vet _ 13320 efor AF, v= BE 35-5 50 = PaTt2.8 | aa ateratetes ere ova ety 25cm, MMA WTC 4Scm 4% MTA OG 6.5m! Ta Prore corre CHB 13600Kg ONE RET TR AH HATTA A DIkg/cor? RI, Wee Sade ecw fA. wrerioras aces wer hr farafereat-xoon onal 0, “tora aH, b= 25cm ‘ova artes Bie, d= 45cm pelea his Apa, = 211 kglom” oa waa Ir, L= 6.5m raha ors rears (Fare warere) CHE SA, W = 13600 kg 13600, 66 kgfem* net cece ETE Pima COM, Va, = V— 038s 106 45 = 6796.76 ~ 2092.31 x5 = 5855.22 kg Ma $855.22 2 See Berg Pte Ape, ve Ete See gs = 5.2085 kplem? eG age eeeNTTEND Fre ANE, v. = 0292VF, 0292211 =424 igen? CoRR, v > v, ee Stem Beg Frara Aga wea aeTTENT Prone Aig weet caf, FEAR Sie: ‘Stirrup "WRI efCHTE RE | CAs.)388 ‘Fora wr rots» OHRR- 2.2 | 6m OT ARE artetora WS aE RC. SHTETRT Hor CAS Alora Bree Frere weep 1400 g COE CTE CR 1700 kg MART COTE Taare | AE ore 25em oR CHE ABATET SOcm MARCHED HAR, Sem USD “refs Seng Frare Apr WA aR | fateFira-g004) ‘sono frm, v, = Ms BE9*S | e550 bg Sowa aries mBiee, d= 50-5= 45cm 45 = 145504850755, + #123675 kg . y, ofa ig, Nt _ss675 = 25x45 wen = 11 kyr? (Ans) de Fam Rarer Pa AT eR HART TEs aera Pate AR, v. (The lowable shear stress for beams v and for concrete, v.) 8 Boxe seater Prune Ap, v ee we ge eT Ps A, v, aT aR re Te 6 a arora Bora PSO «ACT core waTEH Fee W. 5. D. wae U.S. D. Ben sree org coMTATTeA comm (9) Ro rcs seca Free At W.S.D, 9af&0s, v= 1334) cofayaret vasafe aTBe/of Be U.S.D. mefBTe, vy= 2.6591 coffer vex lope bse ee (9) ease ree crete Fla AT + W.S.D. MefiTe, v= 0.2924 ft) cafe oferht ve Lie oTespot Rf U.S. D. F808, va, = OSI cafeyertortt vandal’ RSP ER eae, $= Paes = 0.85 fle ena aches oes Aes, colby wee ABS ReBeara] Dh rarer Cats ace wae [aratftcat-2008, 0¢, 08, o,.20, 3% ¢ ‘wate, Sore carR Dee ce A TATE lrfical-rove, 2 Ba, BERTON OA HICH AT larerfiem-2oe re FHLB, Trou Bors ar ctern went Fre wera Boreas wees wie A ae Pico STH BT Tf ea erg ewe we Pras Agee e CAeICe re TH Be ARCH RE, WR AT Shem re ibe AB TL BAR Cl Aye wT Dee Aa BETA AR eH, Tc GRID om (Diagonal Tension) CE BR FH | QR Sar Coaeaees Frere efocaTe aT EP ota Bovmafre sib aera sare wider SIPEG Sfehte mE TeRE wal ATT aide fre am xem a oon She TE TIMER Fat THT 6 S| ER URE AAA DF rota fe ae, Crea on gare DCS afew TAT ea MAINA aE aR BEN BH afERs CE AIT ‘Ip AS Tea Fa EH |G ATG ETH HORE TOT Oh ACT Care gent Rema weg Prana Agee RIOT re | Pe) Act care grit to secrets FR Arye a @ WSD rer v= 1.33f, kefem? Gn USD *Wfere v= 2.65 6 VF. kale. Bt ACT Cone epee aR geRIMTTAID Prats Age xrreCM Fe wera, EN a HETATTATAI Fate AIG ATW CH | Fareifrcat-203 EE) ace cers eet tees fs seTTRTT Fe Ags ee @WSD *efece v.=029NF, kyle" Gi) USD TWEETS v,, =053 64/f kvlen? GAT, 0 = Fama WHT = 085 fe = Bae edhe wie Ap, cafes 1, BAAR, Reo STATO omen aR Rew STeteTeT Fe stator Gorm af er STROM FARE 2 G) Rea SRS os SHIPS ZR, (o) rere arte comen ons ATE, (8) Breer o ccna cca Rae Tee ATE | oh SRAM tome Pare Age wre A TA Sore Teg GAs Trea ce Bee Fiera aor wer ATA Mat GU CHR Gate Bera Sermcaa wm Fe rat Fea wore Sore Gran 1 aT Te AA A, Aha RCC ee Cr BES ‘rare aerce fara Aig ae Fea Ap OH 41 Rae Pate ort ace yaar SEER) Act cots exert ite... Stews Pre Ape (vp Fiera wey Reora ore coca ‘a HEAT « “area core tei ee Sy Fe Cr yaaa FEE a RE | ce RMB Pra CePA ceo eumecert atte ery ¥E |388 fowits oa reer) ey Ree are carees Corea faeibarne Fane carota aie crare RT ea Tar Pe) act cars eget treme rent cee ae oR TTA Cea TES cace “STR fama crrota a Fecaor a eH | bt Resets TTT SSE Diagonal tension Bey EAS wis Ks ar [arePra-2003] BT, VIRION CTs UrwoTR A WIS Tear Perarfrcat-2033} I ewe wrt Dagon enon Borg Aen coe Be yee era A ABS OTR RS BIN Bem COTTA I, mae A GACH CAC | 301 Stirrup #8 "URC RP (erefiten-2008] GB 2 ea or 05 9, we so A Sor Ae Ro tee v> S91 Sierra Com efecaree BH Tae Com RU [aratfacai-2008, 08(ff), 08, s¢) GE) > site etree ae ages rer area ara Cafe A (Sloping bas) TTR | 2 UTES TR TATA | 8 Sum & 10mm A ATE RS (uy TCHR Se IB TAY ATR MNOS BIE BH @ 1 Brea BGT ca em “W" eraTeaa HOH FART BT | 1 Boa at cre RRACETAO AEE FT | 31 SR BY BY, Som rare a Para Ape ere Boa RIT INT a SBR». ALAET | at ARC STATA CO TINTS | (arenfireat-2o09) SET 9.9 TET | et SOTA afta aie Cad a ae fa ART AAR OTNIS | [Ie PTA-3008, of, ob, 33) HIRH 9.0 ABT | 8 aft Bra a [aaffarat-2008, 0%, 30, de] Se, OT RIL OTM CH, v = MS larere-209%, 3) ‘reat, Pars Ager CroM eT ECG, vee | [aratface-2036) ‘ee, Atos Fata Figs Picea alt Sareea | Pratftet-xosel EEE) errors 1 RADE athe vet hye, ¢,= 210 cafe eel een WS.D. TeRRTe Atom wa Pana Ah rR Rad wee ere Fa Aga we Ate a EF. Fe GBT | e1 USD. genet Pare Ah are AR es ares Pere gear Ata eH, WA C= 281 CORY THOR TE | SORT 9.8 ABT | 4 SrRRTERS ere Teva OR OG 5 FACT we hE 25 CofA aR WEE HBT 45 Caf A Bee win Frere omrmR ae FADE OTE 3000 ca ont AOICA FAAS 1 Rafhew: Aane RCRA RAT ATRTORT STR FET [i] 32081 99 ata) —~—o—_ Sse30,0 SRA, Stor ecre REcePICCGA HM (The functions of web reinforcement in RCC beams) 30.3 SeHe RAACHACTS (Web reinforcement) & rewn Boe ye ent wee Bea eT Doo e woes AH IGT eT cet Re mu RD Fao) os Ate AT Fae, A AEH HATE TR [ORO J fia syo.> wend er rere AE Fn ACH aTGAE PrN Excess shea) TON | Hes wees Be TE fetes Pratie cle ara way Si ARsNncR at ofA RRrenMeee area ta eH) ce eat Fatrcuton a caer Foret’ a1 core AAACN (Web reinforcement) @1 ABA (Stinup) ars 10 FR 43) Te Ae ce A em mH Te oe aT PT TTF aw oa Fem ace RATA ca THTRTCS SRL ENERO (nclned) THEA crete aoa ica BR fafog erste TER FE wy CI28 Fowita we Graves 30.2 Some RECEPTOR CHFITEN (Classification of web reinforcement) § reat Bhs afore Aha ere FEAT at HEM ATT Bat eM, TT s 2 1-U Sra Bom 8 cw since Bn O18 sre fom 8 510" Cyergfe) ererene Boa | a C1) C1) ‘4130.9 Showing araement of providing rea legged smug, 3010 SUH FRRACRPACRCER FT (The functions of web reinforcement) $ ‘Braet Gwe aes Hew wc cates i AR at eH Oe WaT CCU CEM ara a1 eH He 2 SMIOTE COT CEE ee are CHAS I MG OH OTTER AcE UTGLEE Re ipl Bri aTELES Bet wat o oagafie Boren aece Gore afew a come effoemy aK aoa | SECS, et TG Beer AME ceca ar we ess ees TN eT ce REACH epee al RU | eRe, SITTIN Beery ‘p Botet ece bcay eatk eo oOmR HRC eat ate | TRL (9) Srerot Orca wise Fhe Bee es we a aT eee GARTEN EN aaNet EH | (9) Men Bey Ate Fra ae FS | (0) a Gercentenbce Refite eR wATE (9) a0 Ree Het eeu rere] afeCETY S| 30.8 WSD, eRCS Aey cor ReceMoey wT ernie Ta (Spacing of web reinforcement in the W.S.D. method) 8 | WS. TafS (yl Pam) 2 Tew errs FRCeM ot Oat um RC ATT ACE We, ES Ahm Stern Cone ta Arp 3B KE wT com Me RS ALE CR | Haro wraM Sete Fee “ spa aera eat Hs