FUNCTION

Self-Paced Learning Module

Subject Area General Mathematics

Grade Level Grade 11
Content Domain
Content Standard The learner demonstrates
understanding of key
concepts of functions
Performance Standard The learner is able to
accurately construct
mathematical models to
represent real-life situations
using functions.
Competency The learner represent real life
situations using function,
including piece wise
functions.

Author:
STEPHEN R. ATIENZA
SHST-II, DepEd, Division of Camiguin

Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines

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 General Instruction to the
Teachers

 This module is for students who have least

mastered skill in kinds of functions and
those that are absent when you taught it.
Make sure that they have mastered the
prerequisite concepts contained in this
module
 Revise or provide contextualized examples
and activities suggested herein based on the
learner’s specific need/s.
 Remind students to use another sheet to
write his/her answers to the given activities
 Make sure to retrieve the module after use.
Fill up the Module User at the back page for
monitoring.

General Instruction to the

Students

 Use another sheet to write your answers to the

given activities
 Read and answer the activities carefully and
review it afterwards.
 Fill up the Module User at the back page to
record the dates that you received and
returned this module
 Take care of this module. Your classmates
may use this as well.

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WHAT IS THIS MODULE ALL ABOUT?

In our daily life, we always struggle to find solutions to problems

we encounter. May it be for enhancement, improvement, development
or innovation to uplift or make our life more convenient. We gather
information and entertain queries or inquiry to find probable answers
to questions or problems. Thus, Mathematics has become part of our
daily life.
Mathematics is noticeable in our lives at all ages and in any
circumstances. This module aims senior high school students to be
critical thinkers and problem solvers and to empower students with
lifelong learning and helps them attain functional literacy. Each
lesson in the module is presented with easy to follow examples and
exercises. The items in the set of exercises are intended to aid the
learners in understanding the concepts presented in the lesson and
strengthen the skills of the students in computing, reasoning, arriving
at conjectures or conclusions, proving and decision making. Thus,
engaging the learners for a higher level thinking skills.
In this module, you will be encountering and tackling
Functions, rational functions, exponential, logarithmic and basic
concepts in business math and logic.

WHAT DO YOU EXPECT TO LEARN?

After studying this unit, you are expected to be able to illustrate
real-life situations using functions including piece-wise functions.

HOW ARE YOU GOING TO LEARN?

This icon signals a pre-test that you need to

answer to determine how much you about the
topic. At every pre-test, you will find a question
to answer. Write your answers in the blank

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provided for or as instructed in the pre-test. If
you cannot answer a question may leave it
blank. But see to it that you go back to check
after you have studied or read the text.

You will find this icon before some chunks of

text in the following pages. It tells you to
carefully study the concepts, principles, or
processes discussed in the text. It also tells you
that there is a question to answer or an idea to
think about it.

This icon introduces a list of important ideas to

remember. Read it carefully and keep it in
mind.

From the good habit of reviewing the text and

how much time, effort, interest and patience
you invest in your learning will determine how
sure you are in having good scores in the
checkpoint. Your attitude will help you learn
more and effectively that makes you a better
learner.

You will find this icon at the end of every

lesson. It signals a self-test to determine how
well you have achieved the objectives set in the
unit. Study the lesson well and you will perform
quite well in the self-test. This will be submitted
to your teacher after you answering the self-
test. Write legibly and always follow
instructions properly.

This icon tells you of an assignment you have to

perform. The quality of your output from this
assignment will show the extent to which you
can apply what have you learned from the
lesson. Submit this also to your teacher at the
date specified.

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Source of icons: ___________________

Are you now set to perform the activity, answer the questions,
and read the texts? If so, then you may get your ball pen and
notebook as I will request you to answer the questions included
herein.
Good luck, enjoy reading and doing the activity. God bless.

LESSON 1: Functions

PRE-TEST AND SELF-CHECK

Answer the questions below. Follow instructions properly.

INTRODUCTION

In mathematics, a function[note 1] is a binary relation over two sets that associates to

every element of the first set exactly one element of the second set. Typical examples
are functions from integers to integers or from the real numbers to real numbers.

Functions were originally the idealization of how a varying quantity depends on

another quantity. For example, the position of a planet is a function of time.
Historically, the concept was elaborated with the infinitesimal calculus at the end of
the 17th century, and, until the 19th century, the functions that were considered were
differentiable (that is, they had a high degree of regularity). The concept of function

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was formalized at the end of the 19th century in terms of set theory, and this greatly
enlarged the domains of application of the concept.

A function is a process or a relation that associates each element x of a set X, the

domain of the function, to a single element y of another set Y (possibly the same set),
the codomain of the function. If the function is called f, this relation is denoted y = f 
(x) (which is spoken aloud as f of x), the element x is the argument or input of the
function, and y is the value of the function, the output, or the image of x by f.[1] The
symbol that is used for representing the input is the variable of the function (one often
says that f is a function of the variable x).

A function is uniquely represented by the set of all pairs (x, f (x)), called the graph of
the function.[note 2] When the domain and the codomain are sets of real numbers, each
such pair may be considered as the Cartesian coordinates of a point in the plane. The
set of these points is called the graph of the function; it is a popular means to illustrate
the function.

Functions are widely used in science, and in most fields of mathematics. It has been
said that functions are "the central objects of investigation" in most fields of
mathematics.[2]

Schematic depiction of a function described metaphorically as a "machine" or "black

box" that for each input yields a corresponding output

The red curve is the graph of a function, because any vertical line has exactly one
crossing point with the curve.

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A function that associates any of the four colored shapes to its color.

Contents

SUB-TOPIC 1: Relations and Functions

EXAMPLES:
1.

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2.

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GUIDED ACTIVITY 1

A. Activity
Provide the “Warm-up” activity for students to complete independently.
Question: Do you have a different outfit that you wear each day of the week?
If so, you might be surprised to learn that the relationship between the day of
the week and your outfit represents a mathematical concept called a function.
Activity 1. Outfit of the Day.
o Fill-in the table the different outfit that you possibly wear each day.
Sunday, Monday and Tuesday is done for you
Day Outfit
Sunday Plaid Skirt, Brown Blouse
Monday Blue Pants, White Blouse
Tuesday White Pants, Grey Blouse

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 Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday

Guide Questions:

Analysis
Based on the activity:
If it’s Sunday, what outfit will you wear?
Well, we look to see what outfit to which Sunday is mapped, and we see that
you will be wearing your plaid skirt with your brown blouse.
How about on Monday? Tuesday? Wednesday? Thursday? Friday? and
Saturday?
o Represent your outfit of the day through a Mapping Diagram
Day Outfit
Sunday Plaid Skirt, Brown Blouse
Monday Blue Pants, White Blouse
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday

 You may have been familiar with functions involving numbers, and notice that
the function concept can actually be applied to real world situations.
 In mathematics, a function is a relationship between two sets of elements in
which no element in the first set relates to more than one element in the
second. We can think of a function as a rule that takes inputs from the first set
and relates them to an element in the second set, which is the output.
 When it comes to recognizing functions in the real world, it is useful to think
of the term ''is a function of'' as ''is determined by''. You see, in a function, no
input can be related to two different outputs, otherwise, given the input, we
couldn't determine the output. Therefore, the input determines the output, so
the output is a function of the input.
 In mathematics, we represent functions in many different ways; we can use
words, tables, mappings, equations, and even graphs.

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 Let’s consider a couple more examples.

Application
1. If a state has a 6% sales tax, then we can use a function to calculate it. We
can use the following equation to represent this function:
T = 0.06x
If we purchase a product for x pesos, then to calculate the tax, we would
multiply x by 0.06, or the tax rate in decimal form. For instance, if you bought
a shirt for Ᵽ25, then you can calculate the sales tax by plugging in 25 for x.
T = 0.06(25) = 1.5
We see the sales tax is Ᵽ1.50.
We can also represent this function using our other representations. Because
our purchase price can be any number, we could never list all of the inputs and
outputs! Using a table or mapping wouldn't be the best method in this
situation, but we can easily represent it graphically by simply graphing the
equation T = 0.06x.
We see that there are many ways to represent a function, and each one
depends on its context. Now that we are reminded what a function is in
mathematics, let's talk some more about using them in real-world settings!
Piecewise functions.
Some situations can only be described by more than one formula, depending
on the value of the independent variable.

2. A user is charged P300 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which

includes 100 free text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charged P1
each. Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using the function t(m),
where m is the number of messages sent in a month.
Solution:
The cost of text messaging can be expressed by the piecewise function:
t ( m )= 300 , if 0< m≤100
{ 300+m , if m> 100

Guide Questions:
1. Which of the following statements represents a function?
(a) Students to their current age.
(b) Countries to its capital.
(c) A store to its merchandise.
2. A person is earning P600 per day to do a certain job. Express the total salary S
as a function of the number n of days that the person works.
3. A taxi ride costs Ᵽ40.00 for the first 500 meters, and each additional 300
meters (or a fraction thereof) adds Ᵽ3.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise function
to represent the taxi fare in terms of the distance d in meters.
4: determine whether or not each relation is a functions.
a. ( 2,0), ( 2,1), ( 3,5) ,( 4,2)

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 b. ( 1,0), (3,2) , (5,8) , ( 4,9)
c. ( a,2), (b,0), ( c,4), ( d,8)
d. ( 5,6), ( 2,0) , (3,7) , ( 5,9)
e. ( 7,9), ( 2,3) , (4,5), (6,0), (2,0)

SELF-CHECK.

Directions: Do as directed. Write your answer on a separate

sheet of paper.

• What is a function used for?

• Why are functions important in
mathematics?

GUIDED ACTIVITY 3

Make a diagram using :

1. One to one relations
2. Many to one relations
3. One to many relations

POSTTEST AND SELF-CHECK

(To be constructed)

REFERENCES

Infante,Francis Nelson M.,Apolinario, Paulo Luis.,Sin, Jose Lorenzo M. (2016). Management

team of the General Mathematics Learner’s material, Bureau of Curriculum development.

https://google.com

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MODULE CHALLENGE

MODULE USERS
Name of Student Date Student’s Date Teacher’s
Received Signature Returne Signature
d

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 This module may be adopted, modified
and reproduced for educational purposes with
appropriate credit to the author.

For inquiries, feedback, recommendations

and suggestions, please contact the author
through the Division Learning Resource
Supervisor at cellular phone number
09051233721 and /or Gmail address
[email protected]

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