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2012solutionsa2a5a910b3 PDF

This document contains information about: 1) Equations relating entropy, enthalpy, and temperature for an isothermal process. 2) The Nernst equation for calculating electrode potential based on reaction quotient and standard potential. 3) Equations relating radioactive decay rate, decay constant, and maximum activity for an isotope with a given half-life. 4) Calculations of mass and activity for a sample of P-32 isotope. 5) Equations for maximum voltage, flow rate, and efficiency of a fuel cell. 6) Boundary value problem and solution for heat transfer in a sphere. 7) Mass and energy balance calculations for a Rankine

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45 views5 pages

2012solutionsa2a5a910b3 PDF

This document contains information about: 1) Equations relating entropy, enthalpy, and temperature for an isothermal process. 2) The Nernst equation for calculating electrode potential based on reaction quotient and standard potential. 3) Equations relating radioactive decay rate, decay constant, and maximum activity for an isotope with a given half-life. 4) Calculations of mass and activity for a sample of P-32 isotope. 5) Equations for maximum voltage, flow rate, and efficiency of a fuel cell. 6) Boundary value problem and solution for heat transfer in a sphere. 7) Mass and energy balance calculations for a Rankine

Uploaded by

aaroncete14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A2)

In an isothermal case
dE
dS = dq
dT
!G !H " T !S T dE TzF dE
!= = = 1" dq = 1 "
!H !H !H dT !H dT

Using Nernst Potential


RT
E = E0 ! ln K
zF
RT RT aPROD
! = 1+ ln K = 1 + ln
!H !H aREACT
A5.
The formula

dN
= ! N = Activity
dt

P-32 has a half-life 14.29 days which corresponds to a decay constant of

ln(2)
!= = 0.0485 / day
t1/2

dN
= ! N = Activity < AMAX = 3.7 "1010 Bq = 3.7e10 * 3600 * 24 = 3.1968e15 /day
dt

A MAX 3.1968e15
N< = = 6.59e16 atoms
! 0.0485

Transform N (atoms) into Kg


N
m= M P 32
NA

6.59e16
m= 32 = 3.50e-6 gr
6.023e23
A9)
Vcell = Vtot / 32 = 0.875 V
Assuming the fuel ultilization is 100 %. The efficiency is
0.875
!= = 0.7 = 70%
1.25
The maximum Voltage of 1.25 V can be found from
!h f LHV 241.83 *1000
Vmax = = = = 1.25 V
2F 2F 2 * 96485
Compute flow rate of hydrogen per pack
P
P = !mLHV
! " m! = = 0.071mol / s
! LHV
1 mol of H2 corresponds to 1 mol of H2O
m! H 2O,cell = 0.071 mol/s !18 =1.278 g/s " m=4.6
! kg/h

A10)
a) The boundary condition

! (r = R) = 0

can be satisfied by taking

n!
Bn =
R
by taking n=1
!
B=
R
which implies that the radius of the critical sphere
! 2D ! D
R2 = R=
"# f $ # a "# f $ # a
or
b)

The boundary condition

sin ($ r / R )
R R R

P = " q '''dV = " ! f #E4$ r % dr = ! f #E4$ " r2A


2
dr = A! f #E4$ " r sin ($ r / R )
V 0 0
r 0

Integrating by parts
R R R
R R R2 R2 R2
" r sin (! r / R ) = #
r cos (! r / R ) + " cos (! r / R ) = + 2 sin (! r / R ) 0 =
R

0
! 0 0
! ! ! !
P
P = A! f "E4R 2 # A =
4! f "ER 2
B3

a) Mass flow rate main turbine


30 # 10 3
W! = m! 6 ( h6 ! h10 ) " m! 6 = = 44.24Kg / s
(2803 ! 2125)
Similarly on secondary turbine
W! = m! 8 ( h8 ! h11 ) " m! 8 = 3.591Kg / s
b)
Mass balance Condenser

(m11=m8 and m10=m6,m16=m9)


(m4=m12=m14)
m! 6 + m! 16 + m! 8 = m! 4
m! 4 = m! 16 + 47.831

Energy balance heater

m! 4 ( h14 ! h13 ) = m! 16 ( h9 ! h15 )


m! 4 (721 ! 144) = m! 16 (2803 ! 294)
m! 4 577 = m! 16 2509
m! 4 = 4.34 m! 16
which gives:
m16=14.32 Kg/s
m4=62.151 Kg/s

Compute heat steam generator

Q! sg = m! 4 (h4 ! h14 )
Qsg=129 MW

Compute mass flow inner core


Q! sg
m! 1 =
h1 ! h2
m1= 515 Kg/s

c) Efficiency

Pump Work

W! p1 = m! 4 (h13 ! h12 )
Wp1=62*6=0.372 MW
W! p2 = m! 1 (h3 ! h2 )
Wp2=515*3=1.545 MW

Core Heat

Q! sg = m! 1 (h1 ! h3 ) = 127.72MW
WT + WT 2 ! Wp1 ! Wp2
!= = 23.55%
Q! core

d) Exergy loss condenser

SUM(bin)-SUM(bout)= Exergy loss

BOUT

m12=m4=62.151 kg/s
b12=h12-T0s12=5.672 kJ/kg

BOUT=352.52 kW

BIN
b11=h11-T0s11=198.25 kJ/kg
m11=m8=3.591 kg/s
b16=h16-T0s16=19.614 kJ/kg
m16=14.32 kg/s
b10=h10-T0s10=187.34 kJ/kg
m10=m8=44.24 ks/s

BIN=9280.71 kW
Exergy losses=8.928 MW

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