Lab 4 Pulley PDF
Lab 4 Pulley PDF
Lab 4 Pulley PDF
Read the following article on pulleys highlighting important information within the article.
A pulley is a simple machine made with a rope wrapped around a wheel. The pulley is used to lift a heavy
object (load). A pulley’s job is to change the direction of the force, making it easier to lift things. We will be
using two different types of pulleys: a fixed pulley and a combined pulley
This is a fixed pulley where This is a combined pulley
it is “fixed” to something that has both a fixed pulley
that keeps it from moving. (top) and a movable pulley
The advantage of the fixed (bottom). The main
pulley is that you do not advantage of this pulley is
have to pull or push the that the amount of effort is
pulley up and down. The less than half of the load.
disadvantage is that you The main disadvantage is
have to apply more effort the load travels a very long
to lift the load. distance.
Mechanical Advantage = 1 Mechanical Advantage = 2
The mechanical advantage of each pulley system is easy to determine. Count the number of rope segments
on each side of the pulleys, including the free end. If the free end is to be pulled down, subtract 1 from this
number. This number is the mechanical advantage of the system! For example, look at arrangement 1
above. Notice how there are 2 string segments. Since the spring scale side is pulled down, you subtract 1
from this number which gives us a mechanical advantage of 1.
Some great examples of pulley uses include cranes, windows, window blinds, engines, chair lifts, clothes
lines, flag poles, and the list goes on.
Create a graphic web for pulleys:
Pulley
How does a pulley work as a simple machine?
1. There is a 1 kilogram weight (1000 grams) attached to the right side of the single pulley string just like
the picture below in arrangement 1.
2. Count the number of rope segments on each side of the pulley, including the free end. If the free end is
to be pulled down, subtract 1 from this number. This number is the mechanical advantage. Record the
MA in the chart below.
3. Based on your MA, predict the weight on the spring scale __________________________
4. Note: One person must hold the base of the pulley at all times.
5. Pull on the spring scale to lift the 1000 gram weight. Stop when the 1000 gram weight moves
approximately 10 centimeters off the counter. Record the weight measured by the spring scale.
1 pulley
Mechanical Advantage
Original weight of the load 1000 grams
Weight on the spring scale when pulled 10 cm
off table
6. Compare your predicted weight to the actual weight. Is there a difference?
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7. Repeat the previous steps for the two pulley set‐up. First, count the number of rope segments on each
side of the pulley, including the free end. If the free end is to be pulled down, subtract 1 from this
number. This number is the mechanical advantage. Record the MA in the chart below.
8. Based on your MA, predict the weight on the spring scale __________________________
9. Reminder, one person must hold the base of the pulley at all times.
10. Pull on the spring scale to lift the 1000 gram weight. Stop when the 1000 gram weight moves
approximately 10 centimeters off the counter. Record the weight measured by the spring scale.
2 pulleys
Mechanical Advantage
Original weight of the load 1000 grams
Weight on the spring scale when pulled 10 cm
off table
11. Compare your predicted weight to the actual weight. Is there a difference?
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12. Does doubling the number of pulleys change the mechanical advantage? By how much?
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13. How does doubling the number of pulleys change how much weight is needed to lift the load?
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14. Repeat the previous steps for the two pulley set‐up. First, count the number of rope segments on each
side of the pulley, including the free end. If the free end is to be pulled down, subtract 1 from this
number. This number is the mechanical advantage. Record the MA in the chart below.
15. Based on your MA, predict the weight on the spring scale __________________________
16. Reminder, one person must hold the base of the pulley at all times.
17. Pull on the spring scale to lift the 1000 gram weight. Stop when the 1000 gram weight moves
approximately 10 centimeters off the counter. Record the weight measured by the spring scale.
4 Pulleys
Mechanical Advantage
Original weight of the load 1000 grams
Weight on the spring scale when
pulled 10 cm off table
18. Using all three experiments, compare the number of pulleys to the actual mechanical advantage. What
pattern do you notice when the rope is pulled down?
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19. Which pulley system requires you to pull the string a longer distance to reach 10 centimeters?
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20. Based on your lab work, determine the mechanical advantage for each pulley system. Assume that the
spring scale is being pulled down similar to each of your labs. Then, calculate the weight needed to lift
each load in the pulley systems.
Mechanical Advantage
Weight of the load using a
pulley