Scribd
Upload
109 views3 pages

Question No 1 DDBMS Advantages and Disadvantage:: Example

The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of distributed database management systems (DDBMS). It also compares homogeneous and heterogeneous DDBMS. The key advantages of a DDBMS include easier expansion, ability to store data according to different transparency levels or organizational hierarchies, redundancy preventing data loss from local disasters, lower costs, and ability to continue functioning if some data nodes go offline. Disadvantages include greater complexity, higher costs to maintain, difficulties providing security across locations and maintaining data integrity. A homogeneous DDBMS uses the same DBMS product across all sites, making it easier to design and manage, while a heterogeneous DDBMS may use different DBMS products requiring translations between systems. Heterogeneous systems typically

Uploaded by

muzamil shabir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
109 views3 pages

Question No 1 DDBMS Advantages and Disadvantage:: Example

The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of distributed database management systems (DDBMS). It also compares homogeneous and heterogeneous DDBMS. The key advantages of a DDBMS include easier expansion, ability to store data according to different transparency levels or organizational hierarchies, redundancy preventing data loss from local disasters, lower costs, and ability to continue functioning if some data nodes go offline. Disadvantages include greater complexity, higher costs to maintain, difficulties providing security across locations and maintaining data integrity. A homogeneous DDBMS uses the same DBMS product across all sites, making it easier to design and manage, while a heterogeneous DDBMS may use different DBMS products requiring translations between systems. Heterogeneous systems typically

Uploaded by

muzamil shabir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Question no 1

DDBMS Advantages and Disadvantage:


The distributed database management system contains the data in multiple locations. That can be
in different systems in the same place or across different geographical locations.

example:

Advantages of DDBMS
 The database is easier to expand as it is already spread across multiple systems and it is not
too complicated to add a system.

 The distributed database can have the data arranged according to different levels of
transparency i.e. data with different transparency levels can be stored at different locations.

 The database can be stored according to the departmental information in an organization.


In that case, it is easier for a organizational hierarchical access.
 there were a natural catastrophe such as fire or an earthquake all the data would not be
destroyed it is stored at different locations.
 It is cheaper to create a network of systems containing a part of the database. This
database can also be easily increased or decreased.
 Even if some of the data nodes go offline, the rest of the database can continue its normal
functions.
Disadvantages of DDBMS:

 The distributed database is quite complex and it is difficult to make sure that a user gets a
uniform view of the database because it is spread across multiple locations.
 This database is more expensive as it is complex and hence, difficult to maintain.
 It is difficult to provide security in a distributed database as the database needs to be
secured at all the locations it is stored. Moreover, the infrastructure connecting all the
nodes in a distributed database also needs to be secured.
 It is difficult to maintain data integrity in the distributed database because of its nature.
There can also be data redundancy in the database as it is stored at multiple locations.
 The distributed database is complicated and it is difficult to find people with the
necessary experience who can manage and maintain it.

Difference between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Distributed DBMS?


Under what circumstances would such systems generally arise?
In a homogeneous system, all sites use the same DBMS product. In a heterogeneous system, sites
may run different DBMS products, which need not be based on the same

underlying data model, and so the system may be composed of relational, network, hierarchical,
and object-oriented DBMSs.Homogeneous systems are much easier to design and manage. This
approach provides incremental growth, making the addition of a new site to the DDBMS easy,
and allows increased performance by exploiting the parallel processing capability of multiple
sites. Heterogeneous systems usually result when individual sites have implemented their own
databases and integration is considered at a later stage. In a heterogeneous system, translations
are required to allow communication between different DBMSs. To provide DBMStransparency,
users must be able to make requests in the language of the DBMS at their local site. The system
then has the task of locating the data and performing any necessary translation.
Data may be required from another site that may have

 different hardware;
 different DBMS products;
 different hardware and different DBMS products.

Question no2:
functionality do you expect in a DDBMS:

We expect a DDBMS to have at least the functionality for a centralized DBMS. In addition, we
expect a DDBMS to have the following functionality:

 extended communication services to provide access to remote sites and allow the transfer
of queries and data among the sites using a network;
 extended system catalog to store data distribution details;
 distributed query processing, including query optimization and remote data access;
 extended security control to maintain appropriate authorization/access privileges to the
distributed data;
 extended concurrency control to maintain consistency of distributed and possibly
replicated data;
 extended recovery services to take account of failures of individual sites and the failures
of communication

You might also like