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ACS712 Hall Effect Current Sensor

The document discusses using the ACS712 Hall effect current sensor to measure current in a circuit. It provides details on how Hall effect sensors work and the features of the ACS712 sensor. Code examples are given to measure both DC and AC current using an Arduino board connected to the ACS712 sensor.

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William Black
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338 views7 pages

ACS712 Hall Effect Current Sensor

The document discusses using the ACS712 Hall effect current sensor to measure current in a circuit. It provides details on how Hall effect sensors work and the features of the ACS712 sensor. Code examples are given to measure both DC and AC current using an Arduino board connected to the ACS712 sensor.

Uploaded by

William Black
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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all Effect current sensor circuit

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Monitoring the Current flow in a device by a mains powered appliance is just complicated one.
Because continuous current flow monitoring by a circuit creates current isolation in target
device, so we need to measure current flow without affecting the target device.

We measure current flow in a circuit to calculate several specifications, for an electronic


designer it is important to measure and data logging the current level with respect to time, some
times multi-meter with current measurement felicity helps us to measure the same. Do you look
for mains current sensor circuit with data logging, then this article helps you in better way.

The popular and easy method to current sensing is Hall effect current sensing method.

What is Hall Effect?

When a current carrying conductor was placed in a magnetic field, a voltage proportional to the
field was generated. This is known as hall effect.

ACS712 Hall Effect Current Sensor

The ACS712 from Allegro, provides precise solutions for AC


or DC current sensing which is suitable in industrial, commercial, and communications systems.
The device package allows for easy implementation by the customer. Typical
applications include motor control, load detection and management, switch mode power
supplies, and overcurrent fault protection. The device is not intended for automotive
applications. The device consists of a precise, low-offset, linear Hall circuit with a copper
conduction path located near the surface of the die.

Applied current flowing through this copper conduction path generates a magnetic field which
the Hall IC converts into a proportional voltage. Device accuracy is optimized through the close
proximity of the magnetic signal to the Hall transducer. A precise, proportional voltage is
provided by the low-offset, chopper-stabilized BiCMOS Hall IC, which is programmed for
accuracy (acs712-datasheet).

Features

 Low-noise analog signal path

 Device bandwidth is set via the new FILTER pin

 5 μs output rise time in response to step input current

 80 kHz bandwidth

 Total output error 1.5% at TA = 25°C

 Small footprint, low-profile SOIC8 package

 1.2 mΩ internal conductor resistance

 2.1 kVRMS minimum isolation voltage from pins 1-4 to pins 5-8

 5.0 V, single supply operation

 66 to 185 mV/A output sensitivity

 Output voltage proportional to AC or DC currents.

ACS 712 Block Diagram

How it Works?
Here the ACS712 current sensor ic placed in a breakout board and connect with Current sense
target load and Micro-controller. The sensor detects current flow through  IP+ and IP- pins
(Resistance Current Conductor), it creates hall effect and then proportional voltage output taken
form pin 7 (VIOUT) of ACS712. It can be directly fed into micro controllers Analog input pin after
the filter arrangements.

Differential Current Amplifier


This configuration increases gain to 610 mV/A. For an oscillating current output this differential
amplifier circuit helps to bring steady state Vout. This is an typical application circuit
from datasheet.

Interfacing Arduino and ACS712-Hookup

As per the breakout application note hall effect current sensor connected with target load and
output signal is connected with well known Arduino’s A0 (Analog input pin 0). This sensor
breakout consumes power from Arduino power source (+5 and GND). After the setup is over
upload the following arduino code to measure the current flow to the load.

DC Current Measuring Arduino Code

void setup() {

 Serial.begin(9600);

void loop() {

 float average = 0;

 for(int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {

   average = average + (.0264 * analogRead(A0) -13.51) / 1000;


 

 //5A mode, if 20A or 30A mode, need to modify this formula to

   //(.19 * analogRead(A0) -25) for 20A mode and

   //(.044 * analogRead(A0) -3.78) for 30A mode

   delay(1);

 }

 Serial.println(average);  

AC Current Measuring Arduino Code

#define CURRENT_SENSOR A0  // Define Analog input pin that sensor is attached

float amplitude_current;      // Float amplitude current

float effective_value;       // Float effective current

void setup()

   Serial.begin(9600);

   pins_init();

void loop()

   int sensor_max;

   sensor_max = getMaxValue();
   Serial.print("sensor_max = ");

   Serial.println(sensor_max);

   

   //the VCC on the Arduino interface of the sensor is 5v

   

   amplitude_current=(float)(sensor_max-512)/1024*5/185*1000000; // for 5A mode,you need to modify this with 20 A and


30A mode;

   effective_value=amplitude_current/1.414;

   

   //for minimum current=1/1024*5/185*1000000/1.414=18.7(mA)

   //Only sinusoidal alternating current

   

   Serial.println("The amplitude of the current is(in mA)");

   Serial.println(amplitude_current,1);

   

   //Only one number after the decimal point

   

   Serial.println("The effective value of the current is(in mA)");

   Serial.println(effective_value,1);

void pins_init()

   pinMode(CURRENT_SENSOR, INPUT);

/*Function: Sample for 1000ms and get the maximum value from the S pin*/
int getMaxValue()

   int sensorValue;    //value read from the sensor

   int sensorMax = 0;

   uint32_t start_time = millis();

   while((millis()-start_time) < 1000) //sample for 1000ms

   {

       sensorValue = analogRead(CURRENT_SENSOR);

       if (sensorValue > sensorMax)

       {

           /*record the maximum sensor value*/

           

           sensorMax = sensorValue;

       }

   }

   return sensorMax;

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