Basic Building Measurement

BASIC
BUILDING
MEASUREMENT
Paul K. Marsden
A UNSW Press book
Pi1 hirshrd bv
Universic ofNew South Wales Press Ltd
University of New South Wales
UNSW Sydney NSW-2052
AUSTRALIA
\ w w .unswpress.corn.au
C PK Marsden
First published I992
Reprinted 1994
Second edition I998
Reprinted 1999
Reprinted 2002
Reprinted 2003
Reprinted 2005
This book is coplnght. Apart horn any fair dealing for the purpose of private study. research.
criticism or review, as permitted under the Cop>Tight Act, no part may be reproduced by any
process without written permission. Inquiries should be addressed to the publisher.
National Library of Australia

Catalogumg-in-Publication e n t q :
Marsden, Paul Kmgsley, 1945-

Basic buildmg measurement
Includes index.
ISBN 0 86840 576 0
1 BuiIlng - Australia - Measurement 2 Buildmg - Australia - Measurement -

- Problems, exercises, etc 3 Buildmgs - Specifications - Ausaalia 4 Quantit)
survq - Australia I Title
692 50994
AchowIedgment IS made to The Australian Inshtute of Quanhh SurveLors and The Master
Builders' Construction and Houstng Associahon Australia. Inc for pemssion to tnclude excerpts
from the Australian Standard Method of Measurement of Buillng Worhs, (5' edn) 1990
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2 BILLS OF QUANTITIES AND THE SMM 5
CHAPTER 3 THE MEASUREMENT PROCESS 11
CHAPTER 4 THE BILLING PROCESS 20
CHAPTER 5 DOORS, FRAMES AND HARDWARE 23
CHAPTER 6 FINISHES 27
CHAPTER 7 MASONRY 39
CHAPTER 8 WOODWORK 48
CHAPTER 9 ROOFING 63
CHAPTER 10 CONCRETE 76
CHAPTER 11 GROUNDWORKS 98
CHAPTER 12 METALWORK 105
CHAPTER 13 STRUCTURAL STEEL 113
CHAPTER 14 DRAINAGE 125
CHAPTER 15 HYDRAULICS 134
CHAPTER 16 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS 145
CHAPTER 17 GLAZINGANDPAINTING 157
CHAPTER 18 PRELIMINARIES 166

QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES
INDEX 170
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This book is a basic introductory text for students studying the measurement of
building works and is designed to be used in'conjunction with the Australian Standard
Method of Measurement of Building Works, 5th Edition, 1990 (SMM).
The sequence of this book is different from most other quantity surveying text books
in that the material is not presented in trade order, but follows an approach of starting
with simple tasks and then proceeding to the more difficult areas. This aligns with the
traditional method of training staff adopted by most quantity surveying practices.
1-01. TERMINOLOGY
There are a number of terms and phrases used by the quantity surveying profession
when measuring quantities and it is essential that these are fully understood by the
student before measurement begins. Many of the terms and phrases are unique to the
construction industry and have a different meaning from that which is listed in the
dictionary. The following terminology is used in this book and as such students
should become familiar with these terms.
Bill of Quantities: A trade order list of materials, labour and services
necessary to construct a particular project.
Billing: The quantity surveying process of writing or drafting Bill of
Quantities descriptions and presenting the quantity for each description.
Billing Units: The unit of measurement used when billing. For example:
BILLING UNIT SYMBOL

LENGTH metre m
2
AREA square metre m
3
VOLUME cubic metre m
MASS tonne t
NUMBER number no
Measure: The quantity surveying process of measuring or "taking off' the

quantities from the drawings.
Extend: The quantity surveying process of carrying out all the mathematical
calculations to arrive at a total quantity for each description in the Bill of
Quantities.
2 Basic Building Measurement
Bill, measure and extend rb.m.e.1: The total quantity surveying process of
writing a description, measuring the quantity from the drawings, carrying out
all the necessary calculations and, finally, billing the answer. This total
process is explained in Chapters 3 and 4.
Ditto [do.]: A term meaning "all as above described", that is, in the preceding
description. This is illustrated in the following example:
a Internal flush hollow core doors each 2040
x 820 x 35 thick, veneered for paint
finish and hung on a pair of lOOmm steel
butt hinges to timber frames. no 10
b Ditto, each 2340 x 820 x 35 thick, and
hung on three lOOmm steel butt hinges. no 6
The "Ditto" used in the second description means Infernal flush hollow core
doors, each 2340 x 820 x 35 thick, veneered for paintfinish and hung on three
l O O m m steel butt hinges fo timber frames.
Ditto is used very frequently in a Bill of Quantities and saves the quantity
surveyor a lot of time when writing Bill of Quantities descriptions.
Item: A term used in the Bill of Quantities to signify a description involving a
cost to the builder but where no quantity is required to be given. For example:
a Allow for the preparation of shop
drawings. Item
Note: A term used in the Bill of Quantities to signify a description involving
no direct cost to the builder but which will influence the pricing of subsequent
descriptions. For example:
a Refer to the Specification for
particulars of woodwork. Note
1.02. ABBREVIATIONS
Quantity surveyors often use standard abbreviations when billing and it is essential
that the student has a knowledge of these abbreviations. The following abbreviations
have been used in this text and students are advised to familarise themselves with
these terms.
a.b.d. as before described
a.b.s. as before specified
b.me. bill, measure and extend
c.p. chromium plated
CtS centres
ddt deduction
Chapter 1 Introduction 3
diarn diameter
d.p.c. damp proof course
E.o. extra over

ex out of
F.F.L. finished floor level
F.L. floor level
f.s. finished size
figs footings
galvd galvanised
G.F.A. gross floor area
G.L. ground level
GPO general purpose outlet
HDUPVC heavy duty unplasticised polyvinyl chloride

HE fitment hook end allowance
I.L. invert level

in-situ in position
O.T.R. other than rock
P.C. prime cost

P.C.A. plumb cut allowance
p.v.a. polyvinyl acetate
P.V.C. polyvinyl chloride
rebar bar reinforcement
R.L. reduced level

R.O.Z.C. red oxide zinc chromate
SMM Australian Standard Method of Measurement
of Building Works (5th Edition)
t.C. terracotta
T&G tongue and groove
UPVC unplasticised polyvinyl chloride
V.C. vitrified clay

1.03. METRIC UNlTS

It has been assumed that students using this text will have a basic knowledge of the
S.I. metric system. The construction industry does not use all the S.I. metric units but
is restricted to the following units:
LENGTH metre m
millimetre m l O O O m = lm
kilometre km lOOOm = lkm
2
AREA square metre m
l h a = 10,000m2
hectare ha
3
VOLUME cubic metre m
3
litre L lOOOL = l m
MASS tonne t
kilogram kg lOOOkg = It
Except for the hectare, the construction industry is resmcted to using only the
following metric prefixes:
Prefix Symbol Magnitude
mega M lo6
kilo k 103
milli m 1o - ~
micro P lo4
CHAPTER 2
BILLS OF QUANTITIES AND THE SMM
2.01. BILL OF QUANTITIES
A Bill of Quantities is a trade order list of materials, labour and services necessary to
complete a given project.
For large building projects the client may employ a professional quantity surveyor to
prepare a Bill of Quantities. However, on small building works it is normal for the
builder to prepare his own Bill of Quantities.
When a professional quantity surveyor is employed by the client to prepare the Bill of
Quantities, each tenderer is issued with several copies of the Bill of Quantities. The
Bill of Quantities is then used to assist the builder in arriving at his tender figure by
pricing each item in the Bill of Quantities.
2.02. BILL OF QUANTITIES FORMAT
The traditional Bill of Quantities is arranged in trade order. The order of trades is
normally in the same order as the Specification.
Apart from being arranged in trade order, each trade has the facility for each
description to be priced and totalled to give the total cost of each trade. The total trade
cost is then transferred to a General Summary to obtain the total project cost.
In order to be able to refer to any section in the Bill of Quantities, each description is
given a separate and distinct reference. It is also normal practice for each page to be
numbered and labelled with the project name and trade.
A Bill of Quantities prepared by a professional quantity surveyor is prepared in
accordance with the rules set out in the Australian Standard Method of Measurement
of Building Works (SMM) and is measured NET, and as such is not an order list.
Other Bill of Quantity formats include:
Specification and Bill of Quantities: As the name implies, this document
contains both the Specification and the Bill of Quantities rather than having
two separate documents.
Specified Bill of Quantities: This document is similar to the Specification
and Bill of Quantities except that the Specification is incorporated with the Bill
of Quantities ~ I I the form of preamble notes and the Bill of Quantity
descriptions. The quantities do not normally form part of the contract but the
preambles and descriptions are part of the contract.
Elemental Bill of Quantities: A Bill of Quantities prepared in elemental
format rather than the traditional trade order sequence.
Provisional Bill of Quantities: A Bill of Quantities containing provisional

quantities and issued to tenderers on the basis that the billed quantities will be
adjusted during construction where they differ from the actual quantity. This
type of Bill of Quantities is normally used where the drawings and
specification cannot be finalised prior to calling tenders. It has the advantage
of reducing the documentation period and allows the builder to commence
work earlier.
Operational Bill of Quantities: This type is rarely used and is simply a Bill
of Quantities presented in site operational sequence rather than the traditional
trade order sequence.
Builder’s Bill: An abbreviated Bill of Quantities where the quantities have
NOT been prepared in accordance with the SMM, but often contain bulked
quantities and incorporate subcontract quotations where appropriate. They are
used by builders when they are not issued with a Bill of Quantities by the client
and serve as a quick and convenient method when preparing a tender. There
are no formal rules covering their preparation and format. The amount of
detail is the prerogative of each particular builder.
2.03. SAMPLE PAGES
Following are typical pages from a traditional trade order sequence Bill of Quantities.
Page 7 is a typical trade section page. Note that each description has an alphabetical
prefix, measurement details are not shown, specific locations are not given in the
descriptions, and the unit rate column and monetary column are left blank. The
builder would estimate the cost of each item, total all the items on the page and
transfer the total to the Trade Collection.
Page 8 is a typical Trade Collection where the builder collects all the page totals for
the particular trade to arrive at the total cost of the trade section.
This total trade cost is then transferred to a General Summary (refer page 9) where all
the trade sections are totalled to arrive at the total amount of tender.
Bills of Quantities prepared using computer software packages are presented in the
same format as noted above. However, they are more convenient for the builder to
price during the tender stage since the builder is only required to enter the unit rates
for each description. The multiplication of the unit rate by the quantity, monetary
additions, trade totals and the General Summary total are automatically carried out and
are a function of the software. This saves the builder time when preparing a tender.
Chapter 2 BiHs of Quantities and the SMM 7
2.03.01. SAMPLE PAGE FROM WOODWORK TRADE

-
Door Frames
a 125 x 50 dressed select Coachwood single
rebated internal door frames to suit 2040
x 820 x 40 thick internal doors, comprising
jambs and head framed together and fned
to timber wall framing. 10 2
b 150 x 50 ditto. 10 6
Doors
C Internal doors type A, each 2040 x 820
x 40 thick hollow core doors h e d on both
faces with Coachwood veneer for clear
finish; include for hanging to timber
kames with two l O O m m steel butt hinges. no 8
Skirtings
d 75 x 25 dressed select Coachwood splayed
skirting fixed to timber framed walls. rn 120
Architraves
e 50 x 25 dressed select Coachwood splayed
architraves fixed to door kames. rn 84
Shelving
f 300 wide, 300 high gallows brackets
to support shelving, framed up having
50 x 25 wrot Oregon members, plugged
and screwed to brick walls. no 18
g 450 wide, 450 high ditto. no 6

h 300 wide, 15 thick edge shipped
Pyneboard shelving fixed to gallows
brackets. rn 15
i 450 wide ditto. rn 5
To Collection $
-
SAMPLE BILL
WOODWORK 140
ll
8 Basic Building M m e m e n t
2.03.02. SAMPLE TRADE COLLECTION PAGE
WOODWORK COLLECTION:
Page 138
Page 139
Page 140
Page 141
WOODWORK TO GENERAL SUMMARY:
SAMPLE BILL
WOODWORK 142
2.03.03. SAMPLE GENERAL SUMMARY PAGE
GENERAL SUMMARY
PRELIMINARIES 11
DEMOLITION 16
GROUNDWORKS 22
CONCRETE 26
MASONRY 55
STRUCTURAL STEEL 75
METALWORK 101
WOODWORK 142
GLAZING 144
HARDWARE 150
ROOFING 160
WINDOWS 170
DOORS 180
FINISHES 185
PAINTING 205
FURNITURE 215
HYDRAULICS 224
DRAINAGE 236
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS 242
TOTAL AMOUNT OF TENDER:
This Bill of Quantities contains 243 pages numbered consecutively born 1 to

243. Please see that no page is missing nor any in duplicate and that all trades
have been carried to General Summary.
SAMPLE BILL
GENERAL SUMMARY 243
10 Basic Building Measuremat
2.04. AUSTRALIAN STANDARD METHOD OF MEASUREMENT (SMM)
The SMM states that the '@purposeof the Standard Method of Measurement is to
provide a uniform basis for the measurement of building works". It is a book of
measurement rules and like most other rule books does not instruct you how to
measure quantities but rather lists the principles and conventions that apply when
measuring quantities. After perusing the SMM you will notice that it is broken into a
number of sections commencing with Section 1, Introduction, General Rules and
Recommendations, which is followed by a number of trade sections. These trade
sections generally align with the NATSPEC Specification sections.
After reading Section 1 you should have noted the following major points:
1. Unless otherwise stated, all work is measured net as fixed in position.
2. Minimum deduction requirements.
3. Unless otherwise stated, descriptions in Bills of Quantities are deemed
materials and goods including materials required for

lapping,jointing and the like and all costs in connection
therewith such as conveyance, delivery, unloading,
storing, returning packings, handling, hoisting and
lo wering;
square, raking, splay and circular cutting;
waste of materials,
labour and ali costs in connection therewith including
the labour in drilling, setting, fitting and fixing of
materials and goods in position;
establishment costs, overhead costs and profit;
plant and equipment;
taxes, overtime, bonus and incentive payments, duties
and royalties;
protection of work against damage except where specific
means of protection are stated in the contract documents
in which case items shall be given in the appropriate
sections.
4. The importance of the Measurement and Prices Clauses.
Refer to Chapter 4 for further information regarding Bill of Quantities descriptions.
CHAPTER 3
THE MEASUREMENT PROCESS
3.01. MEASUREMENT RULES

The first step to be undertaken when preparing a Bill of Quantities is the measurement
process or "taking off' the quantities from the drawings.
The SMM, Section 1, Introduction, General Rules and Recommendations, Part 3,
Measurement, Clause 3.2, states that:
In calculating the cubic content of members with specifically designed
dimensions, such dimensions (e.g. thickness of concrete slabs and walls, cross-
sectional sizes of beams and columns) shall be taken exactly. In all other
cases, measurements before calculation shall be taken to the next 0.01 metre
except as required in Section 9 Structural Steel.
Except for the cubic content of members with specifically designed dimensions and
Structural Steel, all other take-off figures should be in metres to two decimal places.
Since architectural drawings are dimensioned in millimetxes it is necessary to convert
the plan dimensions to metres to two decimal places when transposing dimensions to
the quantity surveying paper.
Drawing Dimension (mm) Take-off Figure (m)

2229 2.23
2314 2.32
2400 2.40
EXERCISE 3.01.01 Convert the following drawing dimensions to take-off figures:
Drawing Dimension (mm) Take-off Figure (m)
2000
200
16342
1114
38
999 I
772
3.02. STANDARD RULED QUANTITY SURVEYING PAPER

The traditional method of measuring quantities is to manually write all the take-off
figures on standard ruled quantity surveying paper. Unfortunately, there is no national
standard ruled paper and each office has its own customised ruling. To further
complicate the issue, a growing number of practices no longer use paper but input the
take-off figures directly into a computer. Nevertheless, this text adopts a vertical
format quantity surveying paper with a traditional manual set out of take-off figures.
Whilst individual offices may vary, the measurement principles involved should be the
same including where computerised methods are employed.
Refer to the following page for a sample of the quantity surveying paper used in this
text.
The paper is divided into six major vertical columns. The first column, "ITEM", is
used for the description reference; the second column, "DESCRIPTION", is used for
the billing; the third column, "UNIT", is used for the billing unit; the fourth column,
"QUANTITY", is used for the billed quantity; the fifth column, "RATE", is used for
the estimated unit rate (ie. cost per billing unit); and the sixth column is a money
column.
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANmY RATE s c
I I 2 3 4 5 1 6
I
I
The second column, "DESCRIPTION", is subdivided into five vertical sub-columns

which are used for the measurement process. The first sub-column is used as a factor
column, the second for take-off figures, the third for extensions, the fourth for
locations, and the fifth for sidecasts.
The paper also has facility for the project name, trade and page number to be listed on
the top right hand comer. This is important as it acts as a control to avoid missing or
misplaced pages and confusion with other projects. It is essential that this information
is filled in on every sheet when measuring the quantities.
PROJECT
TRADE:
PAGE:
Chapta 3 The Measurement Rocess 13
3.03. SAMPLE QUANTITY SURVEYING PAPER
PROECT:
TRADE:
PAGE:
3.04. SET OUT OF TAKE-OFF FIGURES
Following are examples of linear, area, volume and number take-off. Note the
following points:
1. Except for number take-off, all take-off figures are expressed in metres
to two decimal places, and NO metric symbol is used after each take-
off figure. In the case of number take-off, integer numbers are used.
2. Take-off figures are written down the page and not across the page.
3. A horizontal line is placed under take-off figures to signify the

difference between linear, area and volume take-off. No multiplication
signs are used. I
4. All extensions, except for number take-off, are calculated to the closest
second decimal place.
5. All take-off figures are referenced back to the drawings in the location
subcolumn. This allows work to be identified and checked at a later
date.
6. The factor column is used to multiply take-off figures by common

factors, e.g. 2/ in the case of two identical floors, etc.
7. The fifth column is used to calculate a take-off figure where the take-
off figure cannot be taken directly from the drawings. Such
calculations are termed sidecasrs. This column is also used to list
supplementary information and location keys.
3.04.01. SET OUT: LINEAR TAKE-OFF

Chapter 3 The MeasurementProcess 15
3.04.03. SET OUT: VOLUME TAKE-OFF
I i i
2 I 2 I w1,2 i i
1 3 I 3 w3-7 1 1
i I 5 1
I 1 I
16 ' Basic Building Measurement
3.05. LINEAR TAKE-OFF
3.05.01. PERIMETER MEASUREMENT

When measuring quantities it is often necessary to calculate the perimeter length of
r o o m , buildings, etc. When carrying out this basic task it is important that you use
overall measurements rather than individual component lengths. Refer to the plan of
Room A shown below. The correct method is to measure twice times the overall
length and twice times the overall width rather than the incorrect method of measuring
the eight individual wall lengths. Apart from being quicker, there is less likelihood of
making an error and often individual wall lengths are not dimensioned on the plan. It
is also essential to colour the plans as you write down each take-off figure to ensure
that you have not missed lengths which should be included. The correct solution for
the measurement of skirtings to Room A is shown below. Note that the total perimeter
length is calculated first, then the door opening is deducted.
ROOM A
b
PLAN
2 17.50 Rm A
2 / 5.50 ,I
26.00
Deductions:
0.90 0.90 RmA/Dl
25.10m
Chapter 3 The Measurement Process 17
3.05.02. CENTRE LINE MEASUREMENT

Another type of linear measurement is the centre line or under-to-over measurement.
This is used for measurement of brick walls, trench excavation, strip footings, etc.
Shown below is a Foundation Brickwork Plan. In order to measure the 1l o r n thick
enclosing brick walls it is necessary to calculate the centre line length of the walls.
The method adopted is to start at the top left hand corner and work in a clockwise
direction. The centre line length of each wall is equal to the overall length of the wall
minus the thickness of the wall, or the under-to-over length. It is normal practice to
label each wall with an alphabetical notation in order to locate take-off figures (see
below).
5990 1
1
4810 1
1
2630
1
1
-D’
7550 L 5880
1
13430
FOUNDATION BRICKWORK PLAN
-
5.88 a
1.44 b
4.92 C
1.44 d
2.52 e
5.88 f
5.88 g
-
1.20 h
7.44 i
7.08 j
43.68m
3.06. AREA TAKE-OF"
Area take-off is a simple procedure, requiring the measurer to determine length and
width take-off figures. Consider the plan shape shown below. There are two methods
of determining the area. Firstly, to measure overall and deduct the comer rectangle.
Secondly, to divide the room into two separate rectangles. The overall method is the
preferred option; however, the other method is acceptable. Both methods are shown
below.
PLAN
6.00 6.00 3.30

5.10 30.60 R m B 3.90 23.40 RmB (0) 3.90 12.87 RmB (0)
2.70 2.70
Deductions: -
1.20 -
3.24 RmB (c) 5.10 13.77 R m B (E)
3.30 26.64m2 26.64m2
-
1.20 -3.96 RmB (A)
26.64m2
Chapter 3 The Measurement Rocess 19
3.07. VOLUME TAKE-OFF
Most volume take-off uses previously calculated centre line lengths or total areas
when determining volume quantities, e.g. concrete strip footings, concrete floor slabs,
etc. In these cases the lengths can be repeated and multiplied by the cross-sectional
areas or the total area repeated and multiplied by the thickness.
3.08. MEASUREMENT EXERCISES
3.08.01. EXERCISE 1 Measure and extend the perimeter, area and volume of a
concrete floor slab 7070- x 5630mm x 150mm thick.
3.08.02. EXERCISE 2 Measure and extend the perimeter and area of the rooms
shown below.
4 1
w
F\&=>
8100
c=
23 ROOM
9580
g-z)
4 9560 1
1 6000 iS6004
3.08.03. EXERCISE 3 Measure and extend the volume of the footings shown below.
4900
PAD FTG. PI (92-6 SWIU)
FTG. PLAN (600%300 nu.)

CHAPTER 4
THE BILLING PROCESS
4.01. BILLING
There is no set format for drafting Bill of Quantities descriptions and each office
adopts its own particular style. Basically, there are two different formats. The
traditional approach is to draft a full description incorporating all essential
information, whilst the second approach is typified by the use of subheadings together
with very short descriptions. Both methods are equally acceptable and the method
adopted is usually dictated by office policy. This text will mainly use the traditional
method. Following is an example of each style:
Traditional Method:
Reinforced concrete F c 20 MPa in strip
footings poured into trenches. m3 10
Alternative Method:
IN-SITUREINFORCED CONCRETE
F c 20 MPa Concrete
Smp footings poured into trenches. m3 10
Regardless of which method is adopted the same basic principles still apply. In
addition to giving the billing unit and total quantity, each Bill of Quantities description
should:
NAME
SIZE
DESCFUBE and
For example, consider the following description for cement render.

Internal cement render, 1 2 m thick, composed
of 4 parts sand to 1 part cement, finished off
a sponge faced trowel to brick wall surfaces. m2 100
NAME: Name the subject, that is, what does the quantity represent? In the above
case, there is no doubt that "Internal cement render" is the subject and the total
quantity is 100 m2
SIZE: "12mm thick
Chapta 4 The Billing Process 21
DESCRIBE: ”composedof 4 parts sand to I part cement,finished ofSa spongefaced

trowe1”
FIX: “to brick wall su@aces”.
Finally, each description should have sufficient information for the estimator to be
able to price it.
One major difference between a Bill of Quantities description and a Specifcation is
that specific locations are not given in the Bill of Quantities description. Whilst the
descriptions contain sufficient information to price them, they do not contain sufficient
information to construct the works.
4.02. SMM REQUIREMENTS

It is normal practice when preparing a Bill of Quantities to work from the
Specification and drawings, lining off each Specification clause and colouring the
drawings after the specified work has been measured. Students often have difficulty in
knowing how much detail from the Specification should be included in the Bill of
Quantities. The Bill of Quantities does not duplicate all the information contained in
the Specification, but lists only the essential information as required by the SMM. At
the commencement of each trade section in the SMM, it states that a note is to be
included in the Bill of Quantities to “Refer to relevant Specification sections
containing particulars of...“ Also, reference should be inserted in each section
drawing attention to the measurement and prices clause in the relevant section of the
SMM. Detailed information regarding what measurement and prices are to include for
is not requked to be listed in the Bill of Quantities, unless it is different from that
contained in the SMM. It is therefore essential that the estimator has a thorough
knowledge of the SMM.
In addition, SMM, Section 1, Introduction, General Rules and Recommendations,
Clause 4, Descriptions, contains instructions, details and inclusions regarding Bill of
Quantity descriptions. (Refer SMM page 4.)
4.03. BILLING UNITS

After completion of the measurement process and after all extensions have been
carried out, it is necessary to bill the final total quantity. SMM, Section 1, Clause 6,
Billing Units, contains the rules for billing quantities. Clause 6.1 states:
Where the unit of billing is the metre, squure metre, or cubic metre, quuntities
shall be billed to the full unit, any part of a unit being regarded as a full unit.
For example:
261.88m would be billed as m 262

100.24m2would be billed as m2 101
19.00m3would be billed as m3 19
Clause 6.2 states:

Where the unit of billing is the tonne, quantities shall be billed to the full one
hundredth of a unit, any part of a unit less than one hundredth of a unit being
regarded as one hundredth of a unit. Such parts shall be expressed as
decimals. In all cases where there are no whole units, a zero (0) shall be
placed immediately before the decimal point.
For example:
9.010t would be billed as t 9.01
10.632t would be billed as t 10.64
.089t would be billed as t 0.09
4.03.01. EXERCISE 1 In accordance with the SMM, bill the following quantities:
190.01m
190.01t
190.01kg
CHAPTER 5
DOORS, FRAMES A N D HARDWARE
5.01. GENERALLY
After the basic knowledge contained in the previous chapters has been fully
understood, the next step is the billing and measurement of elementary work which
essentially involves abstracting simple information from the drawings and
specification. Typical examples would involve billing and measuring: doors, frames
and hardware; windows; and furniture.

Refer to the SMM for the rules governing the measurement of doors, frames,
architraves and hardware:
Doors: Section 19, page 119

Timber door frames: Section 11, CL 15, page 91
Timber architraves: Section 11, CL 29, page 93
Hardware: Section 13, page 101
5.03. E X A M P L W O O R S , FRAMES AND HARDWARE

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of timber doors, frames,
architraves and hardware.
QUESTION: B.me. the doors, frames, architraves and hardware as specified and
detailed in Drawing 5.1.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
INTERNM DOORS, FRAMES AND HARDWARE

INTERNM DOORS Dl-5 incl. shall be 2040 x 820 x 35 thick hollowcore
doors veneered for paint finish. Door frames shall be ex 100 x 50 solid
rebated Pacifx maple. Architraves shall be ex 50 x 25 splayed Pacifx maple,
mitred at comers. Hang each door on a pair of lOOmm steel butt hinges and
fit c.p. mortice latch set complete with all necessary leverfurniture.
INTERNM DOORS 0 6 and 0 7 shall be a.b.s. but shall be 2040 x 770 x 35

thick and in addition shall each befitted with one 75mm c.p. brass barrel
bolt.
DOOR
SECTION THROUGH F R A M W O O R S Dl-D7 incl.

DRAWING 5.1
Internal Doors, Frames and Hardware

a Internal hollowcore doors, each 2040 x 820
x 35 thick, veneered for paint fmish and
hung on a pair of l o o m steel butt hinges
to timber fiames. no 5
-5 -5 D 1-5
5
b Ditto each 2040 x 770 x 35 thick. no 2

-2 -2 D6,7
2
c Ex 100 x 50 solid rebated Pacific maple

door frames to suit 2040 x 820 x 35 thick
doors comprising jambs and head framed
together and fixed to timber wall fiaming. no 5
5 2 D 1-5
5
d Ditto to suit 2040 x 770 x 35 thick doors. no 2
2
e Ex 50 x 25 splayed Pacific maple
architraves fixed to timber door frames
and mitred at corners. m 73
5 1 2 1 2 f U 42.40 D1-5
5 1 2 l U 9.40
2 1 2 1 2 f U 16.96 D6,7
2/21 0.89 3.56
72.32m
f C.p. mortice latch set complete with all
necessary lever furniture. no 7
-
7 -7 D 1-7
7
g 75mm c.p. brass barrel bolt. no 2

-2 2 D6,7
2
5.04. E X E R C I S U O O R S , FRAMES AND HARDWARE
QUESTION: B.me. the doors, frames, trims and hardware as specified and as
detailed in Drawing 5.2.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
DOORS, FRAMES AND HARDWARE
Provide and f i x doors, frames, trims and hardware of the types and sizes as
set out in the schedule below. Door frames to be plugged and f u e d to
brickwork All frames to be solid rebated Oregon. Provide and fu 25mm
Oregon quadrant mould to door frames at junction with render and 25mm
Oregon square section storm moulds extentally. All moulds to be mitred at
comers.
REF. DOOR FRAME FURNITURE HINGES
D1 2040 x 820 x 4Omm 100 x 75 C.p. deadlock 3 x loOmm loose

thick solid core w/proof C.p. door closer pin brass butt
ext. door, veneered both lOOmm c.p. push plate hinges
sides for paint finish.
D 2 4 2040 x 820 x 35mm 75 x 50 C.p. mortice latch set 2 x loOmm steel

thick flush hollow with lever fumiture butt hinges.
door veneered for
paint finish
D5-6 2040 x 820 x 35mm 75 x 50 C.p. mortice lock set 2 x l00mm steel
thick flush hollow with lever furniture butt hinges.
door veneered for C.p. door closer
paint finish.
SECTION THROUGH FRAME-DOOR D1
25 QUADRarJT MOULD
7 5 % 50 FRAM€
SECTION THROUGH FRAME-DOORS D2-D6 incl.
DRAWING 5.2
CHAPTER 6
FINISHES
6.01. GENERALLY
After mastery of the elementary work contained in the previous chapters, the next task
normally assigned to trainees is the measurement of the finishes trades. These trades
include paving, tiling, plastering, terrazzo work, resilient finishes and carpet. They are
relatively simple to measure since they mainly involve area and linear measurements
which can be taken directly from the drawings.

Refer to the SMM, Section 20, Fkishes, for the rules governing the measurement of
floor, wall and ceiling finishes.
6.03. EXAMPLE-FLOOR FINISHES

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of selected floor finishes.
QUESTION: B.me. the floor finishes as specified and as shown in Drawings 6.1 and
6.2.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
FLOOR FINISHES
FINISHES AS LAID-CONCRETE Steel trowel finish slab surface
suitable to receive carpet.
CARPET Finish all internal rooms with Ajax 101 carpet laid on Ajax
commercial quality rubber underlay in accordance with AS 2455.
QUARRY TILE THRESHOLD Provide 200 x 200mm selected colour
Australian manufacture quarry tile threshold to Door 1. Bed tiles in cement
on a bed of cement mortar, point up joints and set tiles to weather.
TIMBER TRIM-SKIRTINGS Provide 100 x 25mm Pacifx maple splayed
skirtings at junctions of walls with floors. Fir to wall plugs in brickwork.
, U/SfOE CEILING JOISS
FINISYE0 ff OOR LEVEL
TYPICAL SECTION
-280 3990 [llro 4330 , ,280

1 1* c
5’
8990 9.
PLAN
DRAWING 6.1
Chapter6 Finishes 29
DOOR Dl-THRESHOLD DOOR Dl-JAMB AND

DETAIL HEAD DETAIL
1 280 , I10 .
'
TYPICAL WINDOW HEAD DOOR D2-JAMB AND

SILL AND JAMB DETAIL HEAD DETAIL
SCHEDULE OF DOOR AND WINDOW OPENINGS
TYPE WDl-H (mm) HEIGHT (mm)
D1,2 970 2143

w1 850 943
W2,3 1610 1372
DRAWING 6.2
FLOOR FINISHES
Finishes as Laid-Concrete
a Steel trowel finish to concrete floor slab
suitable to receive carpet. m2 49
8.65
-
5.65 -
48.87 Store, Office
48.87m2
Carpet
b Ajax 101 carpet laid on Ajax commercial
quality rubber underlay in accordance with
AS 2455 to concrete floor slabs. m2 46
3.99
5.43 21.67 Store
4.57
5.43 24.82 Office
2 10.97
0.11 0.21 D1,2
46.70
Deductions:
0.24
2.84 0.68 Store(5430 2700 + 110)
0.24
2.70 0.65 Office
1.33m2(ddt)
45.37m2
Quarry Tile Threshold
C 200 x 200mm selected colour Australian

manufacture quarry tiles forming 200mm
wide threshold to external door, bedded
in cement on a bed of cement mortar,
joints pointed with cement mortar and
set to weather. m 1
0.97 0.97 D1
0.97m
Timber Trim-Skirting
d 100 x 25mm Pacific maple splayed skirting
fixed to wall plugs in brickwork. m 37
2 / 3 3 7.98 Store
215.43 10.86
214.57 9.14 Office
21 5.43 10.86
u r n
Deductions:
0.85 0.85 D1 ( 9 7 0 - 6 0 - 6 0 ~ 8 5 0 )
21 0.97 1.94 D2
2.79m (ddt)
36.05m
MEASUREMENT NOTES-FLOOR FIMSHES

Item b Carpet: All rooms are measured separately and the extra at doorways
added at the end.
Item d Skirting: Perimeter length of all rooms is measured then all doorways
are deducted. Note that Door D2 is deducted twice since skirting has been
previously measured to both sides of the opening.
6.04. EXAMPLE-CEILING FINISHES

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of selected ceiling
finishes.
QUESTION: B.me. the ceiling finishes as specified and as shown on Drawing 6.1.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
CEILING FINISHES
PLASTERBOARD CEILING LINING Ceilings to all internal rooms shall

be lOmm thick recessed edge gypsum plasterboard lining finished with flush
joints andfixed direct to timber ceiling framing.
PLASTERBOARD CORNICE Cornice to all internal rooms shall be 90mm
coved gypsum plasterboard cornice, mitred at angles and f i e d in accordance
with AS 2589.
CEILING FINISHES
Plasterboard Ceiling Lining
a lOmm thick recessed edge gypsum plasterboard
ceiling lining, finished with flush joints
and fixed direct to timber ceiling framing. m2 46
3.99
5.43 21.67 Store
4.57
5.43 24.82 Office
46.49
Deductions:
0.24
2.84 0.68 Store (5430 - 2700 + 110)
0.24
2.70 0.65 Office
1.33m2(ddt)
45.16d
Plasterboard Cornice
b 90mm coved gypsum plasterboard cornice mitred
at angles and fxed in accordance with AS 2589. m 40
213.99 7.98 Store

2/= 10.86
2 1 m 9.14 Office
215.43 10.86
2/21 0.09 0.36 Ext. angles
39.20m
MEASUREMENT NOTES-CEXLLNG FIMSHES

Item b - Cornice: Extra added for external angles since the SMM requires
cornices to be measured their "extreme length".
6.05. EXAMPLE-WALL FINISHES

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of solid plaster wall
fishes.
QUESTION: B.me. the wall fmishes as specified and as shown in Drawings 6.1 and
6.2,
SPECIFICATION NOTES
WALL FINISHES
CEMENT RENDER Finish all internal brick wall surfaces with lOmm
minimum thickness cement render. Render to be composed of 4 parts sand
to 1 part cement. Finish render off a sponge faced trowel. Return render
into all window and Door D l reveals and round all salient angles.
Prior to applying render prepare brick wall surfaces by removing all dust
and loose material and apply one coat of approved bonding agent.
WALL FINISHES
Internal Cement Render
a Preparation of brick wall surfaces to receive
cement render by removing all dust and loose
material and applying one coat of approved
bonding agent. m2 82
21 3.99
-
2.40 19.15 Store
21 5.43
2.40 26.06 Store
21 4.57
2.40 21.94 Office
21 5.43
2.40 26.06 Office
93.21m2 (gross area)
Deductions:
0.97
2.15 2.09 D1
21 0.97
-2.15 4.17 D2
0.85
0.95 nil W1
21 1.61
1.38 4.44 W2,3
21 0.24
2.40 1.15 Store, Office < 250mm wide
11.85d (ddt)
8 1.361112(net area)
b Ditto 0-25Omm wide. (m 26) m2 4
0.97 0.97 D1
21 2.15 4.30
5.27m x 0.06m = 0.32m2
2 / m 1.70 W1
21- 1.90
2/2/M 6.44 W2,3
21 21 1.38 5.52
15.56mx 0.11m= 1.71mz
21 2.40 4.80 Store Office

4.80m x 0.24m = 1.15mZ
25.63m 3.18mZ
C Cement render, lOmm minimum thickness,

composed of 4 parts sand to 1 part cement,
finished off a sponge faced trowel to
prepared brick wall surfaces. m2 82
Repeat area, Item a
d Ditto 0-25Omm wide. (m 26) m2 4

Repeat length and area, Item b
MEASUREMENT NOTES-WALL FINISHES
Items a and c: First calculate the gross area, ignoring openings, then deduct all
the openings and surfaces less than 250mm wide included in the gross area.
Note that Door D2 is deducted twice since both sides of the opening have been
included in the gross area.
Items b and d: Work to surfaces equal to or less than 250mrn is given

separately. (Refer SMM, Section 20, Finishes M.7, page 121.) These areas are
traditionally referred to as "narrow widths".
Chapter6 Fjnishes 35
6.06. EXERCISE--FLOOR FINISHES

QUESTION: B.me. the floor finishes as specified and as shown in Drawings 6.3, 6.4
and 6.5.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
FLOOR FINISHES
CARPET Finish all internal rooms with Ajar 101 carpet laid on Ajax
commercial quality rubber underlay in accordance with AS 2455.
TIMBER TRIM-SKIRTINGS Provide 100 x 25mm Pacific maple splayed
skirtings afjunctions of walls with floors. Fix to wall plugs in brickwork.
6.07. EXERCISE-CEILING FINISHES

QUESTION: B.me. the ceiling finishes as specified and as shown on Drawings 6.3,
6.4 and 6.5.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
CEILING FINISHES
PLASTERBOARD CEILING LINING Ceilings to all internal rooms shall

be lOmm thick recessed edge gypsum plasterboard lining finished with flush
joints and f i e d direct to timber ceiling framing.
PLASTERBOARD CORNICE Cornice f o all internal rooms shall be 90mm
coved gypsum plasferboard cornice, mitred at angles and fixed in accordance
with AS 2589.
6.08. EXERCISE-WALL FINISHES

QUESTION: B.me. the wall fiiishes as specified and as shown in Drawings 6.3, 6.4
and 6.5.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
WALL FINISHES
CEMENT RENDER Finish all internal brick wall surfaces with 10mm
minimum thickness cement render. Render to be composed of 4 parts sand
to 1 part cement. Finish render o f f a sponge faced trowel. Refurn render
into window and door reveals and round all salient angles.
Prior to applying render prepare brick wall surfaces by removing al1 dust
and loose material and apply one coat of approved bonding agent.
1 6560 1
.I
6 28 0
’ I
I
0
\
\
CoMMUhl ROOM @
\
@ \
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
17 1’1 1’
c 12840
1
PLAN
DRAWING 6.3
--
w.PLASTER60Ad
CEiLlrJC LINING 1I
PLASTERBOARD
CORNICE
520
cl
69 d
d)
CEMENT REND€& d'
N
FL
SECTION
DRAWING 6.4
DOOR D1-THRESHOLD DOOR D2-JAMB AND

DETAIL HEAD DETAIL
280 1
TYPICAL WINDOW DOORS D3-DS-JAMB

JAMB DETAIL AND HEAD DETAIL
I I
It SCHEDULE OF DOOR AND WINDOW OPENINGS

I
I DOOR WIDTH HEIGHT WINDOW WIDTH HEIGHT I
1 1
D1 3600 2175 w1 3600 1800
D2-5 900 2100 w2 2400 1200
w3,4 600 1500
w5 2400 1800
W6 1200 1800
~
DRAWING 6.5
CHAPTER 7
MASONRY
7.01. METRIC STANDARD BRICKWORK
This chapter will be confined to the measurement of metric standard brickwork. The
following brick chart may be helpful when measuring metric standard brickwork.
vletric Standard Brickwork

230 x 110 x 76 nominal brick size)
No. of Wall Pier Opening No.of Height
bricks courses
1 240 230 250
~- - 1 86
1.5 360 350 370 2 172
2 480 470 490 3 257
2.5 600 590 610 4 343
3 720 7 10 730 5 429
3.5 840 830 850 6 5 14
4 960 950 970 7 600
4.5 080 070 1090 8 686
5 200 190 1210 9 772
5.5 320 310 1330 10 857
6 440 430 1450 11 943
6.5 560 550 1570 12 1029
7 680 670 1690 13 1114
7.5 800 790 I810 14 1200
8 1920 1910 1930 15 1286
8.5 2040 2030 2050 16 1372
9 2160 2150 2170 17 1457
9.5 2280 2270 2290 18 1543
10 2400 2390 2410 19 1629
10.5 2520 25 10 2530 20 1714
11 2640 2630 2650 21 1800
11.5 2760 2750 2770 22 1886
12 2880 2870 2890 23 1972
12.5 3000 2990 3010 24 2057
13 3120 3110 3130 25 2143
13.5 3240 3230 3250 26 2229
14 3360 3350 3370 27 2314
14.5 3480 3470 3490 28 2400
15 3600 3590 3610 29 2486
15.5 3720 37 10 3730 30 2572
16 3840 3830 3850 31 2657
16.5 3960 3950 3970 32 2743
17 4080 4070 4090 33 2829
17.5 4200 4190 4210 34 2914
18 4320 4310 4330 35 3000

Refer to SMM Section 7, Masonry, pages 53-62 for the rules governing the
measurement of brickwork. In particular the following basic requirements should be
noted:
1. Common brickwork, fair face common brickwork and face brickwork

are measured separately. Consider the case of a 280mm cavity brick
wall comprising an outer IlOmm thick face brick skin and an inner
1lomm thick common brick skin; the face brick skin of the cavity wall
is measured separately from the inner common brick skin of the cavity
wall. As illustrated in the following example it is necessary to calculate
the centre line length of both skins in order to determine the area of the
walls.
2. Cleaning down on completion of face brickwork is measured under a

separate description in m2. The area to be measured is the exposed
face area (including the area of sills, corbels, etc. but excluding the area
of reveals) and is different fiom the area measured for the face brick
wall skin as outlined in 1.
. . -_
I-r
;- - -1'!
1
* !I
I L-
L -- - -.
. -.-- J*.i ,
,1.
PLAN
Length of face brick outer skin = 2[A+B]
Length of common brick inner skin = 2[C+D]
Length for cleaning down face brickwork = 2[E+F]
3. Brickwork is classified separately by levels.

7.03. EXAMPLE-BRICKWORK
Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of brickwork.
QUESTION: B.me. the brickwork as specified and as shown in Drawings 6.1. and
6.2.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
BRICKWORK
BRICKS All brickwork exposed externally shall be constructed with selected
calcium silicate face bricks. All other brickwork to be constructed with
calcium silicate common bricks.
MORTAR All brickwork shall be laid in 1 :5 cement mortar.
BOND All brickwork shall be constructed in stretcher bond.
JOINTS Joints in facework shall be raked. Leave all other surfaces rough.
CLEANING DOWN Clean down all face brickwork on completion with 5%
hydrochloric acid solution and wash offwith clean water.
CAVITY TIES Provide and build in 4mm d i m . galvd wire wall ties to all
cavity walls spaced 900 apart everyfourth course in height and staggered.
SILLS Sills to windows shall be snapped headerface brick on edge sills, set
to weather.
BRICKWORK
Ground Floor Brickwork in 1 :5 cement mortar
a 110 thick face brick skins of cavity
walls in stretcher bond comprising
selected calcium silicate face bricks 2
having joints raked on one face. m 62
21 8.88
-
2.32 41.20 a,c
21 5.88 C
-
2.32 27.28
2
b,d
68.48m (Gross Area)
Deductions:
0.97
2.15 2.09 D1
0.85
1.12 nil w1
21 1.61
1.55 4.99 W2,3
7.08m (ddt)
61.40m2 (Net Area)
b 110 thick calcium silicate common brick 2

skins of cavity walls. m 62
21 8.54
-
2.40 40.99 a,c
21 5.54
-
2.40 - b,d
26.59
67.58m2 (Gross Area)
Deductions:
0.97
2.15 2.09 D1
0.85
-
0.95 nil w1
21 1.61
-
1.38 4.44 W2,3
6.53m’ (ddt)
61.05111~ (Net Area)

C 110 thick calcium silicate common brick 2
walls. m 12
5.43
-
2.40 13.03 e
0.24
-
2.40 -
0.58 e
13.61311’ (Gross Area)
Deductions:
0.97
-2.15 -
2.09 D2
2.09m (ddt)
11.52m (Net Area)
Sills
d Snapped header face brick on edge sills
to windows, comprising selected calcium
silicate face bricks laid in 1 : 5 cement
mortar and set to weather. m 5
0.85 0.85 W1
21 1.61 3.22 W2,3
4.07m
Cavity Ties
e 4mm diam. galvd wire wall ties to cavity
walls spaced 900 apart every fourth 2
course in height and staggered. m 62
61.40m’ (Repeat area of item a)
Sundries
f Clean down face brickwork on completion
with 5% hydrochloric acid solution and 2
wash off with clean water. m 64
21 8.99
2.32 41.71 a,c
21 5.99
2.32 27.79 b,d
4.07
0.30-1.22 sills
70.72311’ (Gross Area)
Deductions:
2
7.08m (ddt) Repeat area of ddt from item a
63.64m’ (Net Area)
MEASUREMENT NOTES-BRICKWORK
Item a - Face brick skins: Use centre line measurements multiplied by wall
height to determine the gross wall area. Deduct openings to determine the net
area. W1 is not deducted since it is less than lm’. (Refer SMM, 3.4, page 4.)
The height of all window openings includes an additional 172mm to allow for
the brick on edge sill course which is measured separately. (Refer SMM, M1
and 2, page 53.)
Item b - Common brick skins: Same technique as item a but centre line
measurements and wall heights are different.
Item d - Sills: Include all window openings, including those openings less
than lm’.
Item e - Cavity Ties: Purely for practical reasons the net area of the outer face
brick skin is repeated. This area (61.40m’) is slightly greater than the area of
the cavity and is used in order to avoid having to take off new quantities. Also,
the unit rate for this type of work is relatively low in cost.
Item f - Sundries: Exposed area measured excluding the area of reveals.
Pointing and cleaning down reveals is deemed to be included in the price.
(Refer SMM, P1, page 53. )
chapter7 Masow 45
7.04. EXERCISE-BRICKWORK
QUESTION: In accordance with Drawings 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5 and the following
specification notes, measure and extend the following Bill of Quantities, Brickwork
section.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
BRICKWORK
BRICKS All brickwork exposed externally shall be constructed with selected face
bricks P.C. $600.00 per thousand delivered to the site. All other brickwork to be
constructed with sound common bricks.
MORTAR All brickwork shall be constructed with I:1:6 composition mortar.
BOND All llOmm thick walls shall be constructed in stretcher bond. All 230mm
thick walls shall be constructed in English bond
JOINTS Joints in face brickwork shall be ironed.
CLEANING DOWN Clean down all face brickwork on completion with 5%
hydrochloric acid solution and wash off with clean water.
CAVITY TIES Provide and build in 4mm d i m . galvd wire wall ties to all cavity
walls spaced 900mm apart everyfourth course in height and staggered.
SILLS Sills to all windows shall be snapped header face brick on edge sills set to
weather.
AIR BRICKS Air bricks shall be 230 x 150 louvred pattern terracotta air bricks of
colour to match the face bricks. Build air bricks into outer skin of cavity walls
below floor level as required to ventilate the sub floor space and form opening in
inner skin behind air brick.
ANT CAPS Ant caps shall be 0.5mm thick galvd steel in accordance with ASI694.
Provide and build in ant caps at underside offloor frame as follows:
i. to all isolated piers
ii. to all engaged piers
iii. to allfoundation brick walls to provide a continuous barn-er
GALVANISED STRAPS Build in 1500mm long, 25mm wide, I.6mm thick galvd
steel straps to hold down wall plates. Straps to be spaced at 1800mm max cts and be
not less than 1200mm down cavity with ends turned 75mm into brickwork.
DAMP PROOF COURSES AND FLASHINGS Provide and build in 0.45mm thick
bitumen coated aluminium dpc and flashing in thefollowing locations:
i. all foundation walls and piers
ii sills to all windows
iii. heads of all windows and external doors extending 150mm at each
side of opening
CAVITY INFILLING Infill cavity to all cavity walls below ground level with F’c
ISMPa concrete and finish top with an outward splay.
Basic Building Measurement -
BRICKWORK
a Refer to the Brickwork section of the

Specification for details of brickwork. Note
b Refer to the SMM for details regarding

measurement and prices of brickwork. Note
Brickwork Below Floor Level in 1:1:6

Composition Mortar
C 110 thick face brick skins of cavity walls
in stretcher bond comprising selected face
bricks P.C. $600.00 per thousand delivered,
and having joints ironed on one face. m2
d 110 thick common brick skins of cavity walls

in stretcher bond. m2
e 110 thick common brick walls ditto. m2
f 230 ditto in English bond. m2
g 120 thick common brick attached piers. m2

h 230 x 230 common brick isolated piers. m
Brickwork Above Floor Level in 1:1:6

Composition Mortar
1 110 thick face brick skins of cavity walls
in stretcher bond comprising selected face
bricks P.C. $600.00 per thousand delivered,
and having joints ironed on one face. m2
j 110 thick common brick skins of cavity walls

in stretcher bond. m2
k 110 thick common brick walls ditto. m2
1 230 ditto in English bond. m2
Sills
m Snapped header face brick on edge sills
to windows, comprising selected face bricks
P.C. $600.00 per thousand, bedded in 6: 1:1
composition mortar and set to weather. m
-
- chapter7 Masonry - 47
Cavity Ties
a 4mm diam. galvd wire wall ties to 280mm
thick cavity walls spaced 9 0 0 m apart
every fourth course in height and staggered. mz
Cavity Infilling
b F c 15 MPa concrete as infilling to 60mm
wide cavities below ground level2finished
on top with an outward splay. (m ) m3
Damp Proof Courses and Flashings

C 0.45mm thick bitumen coated aluminium dpc
built into walls in positions directed,
0-250 girth. m
d Ditto sill flashing to windows, fixed

behind metal window sill, turned down
two courses across cavity and built
into outer skin, 251-500 girth. m
e Ditto head flashing to windows and doors,

built into inner skin, turned down two
courses across cavity and taken full
width of outer skin, 251-500 girth. m
Ant Caps
f 240 x 240 x 0.5mm thick galvd steel
ant caps to isolated piers. no
g 240 x 120 ditto to attached piers. no
h Half continuous 0.5mm thick galvd

steel ant capping, lapped and soldered
at joints and built into brickwork. m
i Full continuous ditto. m
Sundries
j Clean down face brickwork on completion

with 5% hydrochloric acid solution and
wash off with clean water. mz
k 230 x 150 louvred pattern terracotta

air bricks of colour to match the face
bricks, built into outer skin of 280
cavity wall and include for forming
opening in inna skin behind air brick. no
1 1500 long, 25 wide, 1.6mm thick galvd

steel straps securing wall plates, built
75mm into brickwork and turned up cavity. no
- -
CHAPTER 8
WOODWORK
Refer to SMM, Section 11, Woodwork, pages 87-96 for the rules governing the
measurement of woodwork In particular the following basic requirements should be
noted:
1. Structural timbers and joinery timbers including frames, linings,
skirtings, trims,etc. are measured their NET length with no allowance
for joints and 0.3m order length requirements.
2. Structural timbers exceeding 3.60m long are given separately in
increments as noted. (Refer SMM, page 88.) However, in the
following examples, this rule has been interpreted to apply only to
structural timbers specified or shown to be in a single length.
For example, 100 x 75mm timber floor bearers are grouped together in
the same description, irrespective of their length, since there is no
specific requirement for them to be in single lengths. However, a
4.00m long timber beam spanning between two supports would be
given separately and described in increments of exceeding 3.60m not
exceeding 6.00m long.
In accordance with the SMM if this measurement procedure is adopted,
a note should be inserted at the commencement of the trade section in
the Bill of Quantities. (Refer SMM, 2.2, page 3.)
8.02. CENTRE CALCULATIONS
Structural timbers are often specified to be spaced at maximum centre spacings. In

order to measure the quantity of those timbers it is necessary to calculate the number
of members. This is an easy mathematical process involving the following basic
steps:
1. Calculate the spacing distance (ie. the distance between the centre of
the first member and the centre of the last member).
2. Divide the spacing distance by the specified centre spacing and convert
the answer to an integer number.
3. Add 1 to arrive at the answer.

Chapter8 Woodwork 49
EXAMPLE 8.02.01. Calculate the number of studs for the wall frame as detailed in
Drawing 8.1 below.
1
1
7000
1
1
ELEVATION-WALL FRAME
DRAWING 8.1
No. of studs:
Step 1: Spacing distance = 7000 - 50 = 6950
Step 2: 6950 / 600 = 11.5833 = 12
Step 3: 12 + 1 = 13 studs.
8.03. EXAMPLE-GROUND FLOOR FRAMING AND FLOORING

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of ground floor framing
and flooring.
QUESTION: B.me. the ground floor framing and flooring as specified and as shown
in Drawing 8.2.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
WOODWORK
GROUND FLOOR FRAMING Floor framing to be F8 grade sawn
hardwood. Bearers to be 100 x 75 spaced at 1800mm maximum centres.
Floor joists to be 100 x 50 spaced at 450mm maximum centres.
FLOORING Flooring boards to be 100 x 25 T & G Cypress pine. Closely
cramp boards, double nail, punch and sand smooth on completion.
SECTION A
0
CD
PLAN
DRAWING 8.2
WOODWORK
Ground Floor Framing

a 100 x 75 F8 grade sawn hardwood floor
bearers. m 34
No. of bearers:
ROOITIS A,B = 3425 / 1800 = 2 + 1 =3
3/4.00 12.00 RoomA

3/7.10 21.30 RoomB
33.30m
b 100 x 50 ditto floor joists. m 95
No. of joists:
RoomA=3950/450=9+1=10
Room B = 7050 / 450 = 16 + 1 = 17
lo/= 35.00 RoomA

17/3.50 59.50 RoomB
94.50m
Flooring
c 100 x 25 Cypress pine T & G flooring boards,
closely cramped, double nailed and punched. m2 39
4.00
-
3.50 14.00 Room A
7.10
3.50 24.85 RoomB
0.90
-
0.11 -0.10 doorway
38.95m2
d On completion smooth sand flooring boards. m2 39

38.95m2 Repeat area Item c
MEASUREMENT NOTES-GROUND FLOOR FRAMING AND

FLOORING
Item a-Bearers: When there is no sub floor framing plan provided, the first
step is to prepare a floor framing plan and determine the direction of the
bearers and joists. This is usually done in pencil on the floor plan. If the
direction of the bearers is not clearly indicated on the drawings, it is normal
trade practice to run the bearers in the longest direction in order to reduce
cutting waste, particularly in cases where flooring boards are used.
Item c-Flooring: The net sight area is measured including extra at doorways.
Item d-Sanding: Sanding is given as a separate description from the flooring.
The area is the same as the flooring.
8.04. EXERCISE-GROUND FLOOR FRAMING AND FLOORING
QUESTION B.rne. the ground floor framing and flooring as specified and as shown
in Drawings 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
WOODWORK
GROUND FLOOR FRAMING Floor framing to be F8 grade sawn
hardwood Bearers to be 100 x 75 spaced at 1800mm maximum centres.
Floorjoists to be 100 x 50 spaced at 450mm maximum centres.
FLOORING Flooring boards to be 100 x 25 T & G Cypress pine. Closely
cramp boards, double nail, punch and sand smooth on completion.
Chapter 8 Woodwork 53
8.05. EXAMPLE-PITCHED ROOF FRAMING

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of pitched roof fiaming.
QUESTION: B m e . the roof fiaming as specified and as shown in Drawings 8.3 and
8.4.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
WOODWORK
ROOF FRAMING All roof framing to be seasoned F5 Oregon.

Frame up roof with members of the following sues:
125 x 50 rafters spaced at 4OOmm maximum centres.
150 x 25 ridge and hip rafters.
125 x 75 underpurlins.
100 x 50 collar tiesfixed to rafters with lOmm diam. galvd bolts.
/500 13000 500

1
Eaves width = 5 0 0 m
Roof pitch = 20 degrees
PLAN
DRAWING 8.3
SECTION
DRAWING 8.4
WOODWORK
Roof Framing
a 125 x 50 seasoned F5 Oregon rafters. m 194
Number of Rafters:
Building length 13000
+ 2 x eaves width 1000
Overall roof length 14ooo
Divide cts spacing +-a
24
Add 1 +1
-
Rafters to one side 25
Both sides -
x2
Number of rafters = -
50
I I
Length of Common Rafter: 1
rl
H 1
Half building width 3000
+ eaves width 500
less half ridge - 12
Horizontal Distance [ H 3 3;188mm
Net rafter length [ R ] = H / cos 8
= 3488 / cos 20°
= 37 ~ ~ I T K I
Rafter length = R + plumb cut allowance (P.C.A.)

= 3712 + 150
=38621~~1
501 3.87 193.50

193.50m
b 150 x 25 ditto ridge and hip rafters. m 29
Length of Ridge:
Roof length 14000
less roof width -7000
plus rafter thickness - 50
Ridge length = 7050mm
Length of Hip:
Net hip length =J-im
=&&z
= 5094m111
Hip length = net hip length + P.C.A.

= 5094 + 150
= 5244mm
7.05 7.05 Ridge

41 5.25 21.00 Hips
28.05m
C 125 x 75 ditto underpurlins. m 26
2113.00 26.00
26.00m
d 100 x 50 ditto collar ties. m 25

Number of Collar Ties:
Spacing distance = 7000
Divide cts spacing t
m
6
Add 1 -
+1
Number of collar ties = -7
Length of Collar Tie:
7000 / 2 = 3 5 0 0 m
71 3.50 24.50
24.50m
e lOmm diam. galvd bolts securing collar ties to
rafters, 101-200 long. no 28
412 -
28 (4 per collar tie)
28
MEASUREMENT NOTES-PITCHED ROOF FRAMING
Item a-Rafters: The total quantity of timber in rafters in a hipped end pitched
roof is the same as a gable end pitched roof given the same plan dimensions
and pitch. Therefore, when measuring the rafters, in the first instance, ignore
the hipped ends and measure as a gable end pitched roof. First calculate the
number of rafters, then the length of a common rafter. Use simple
trigonometry to determine the net rafter length and add an allowance for the
plumb cuts at each end of the rafter. It is recommended that 150mm be added
for the plumb cut allowance (P.C.A.).
Item b-Ridge: For this simple rectangular plan the length of the ridge is equal
to the length of the roof less the width of the roof plus the thickness of one
rafter.
Item b-Hips: The net length of the hip is calculated by applying Pythagoras’s
theorem and using the horizontal distance (H) and net rafter length (R)
previously calculated for the rafters. It is recommended that 150mm be added
to the net hip length for the plumb cut allowance (P.C.A.).
Item c-Underpurlins: In this case the total length of the underpurlins is

approximately equal to twice the length of the building.
Item d-Collar Ties: Allow for collar ties to each alternate pair of common
rafters. Therefore the spacing distance is equal to the ridge length less one
rafter thickness (7050 - 50 = 7000), and the centre spacing is twice the rafter
centre spacing ( 2 x 600 = 1200).
Item e-Bolts: Bolt length = 50 + 50 + 10 + 5 = 115mm. (Refer SMM 11.37,
Bolts, page 96 and SMM 9.18, Bolts, M20, page 77.)
Chapter 8 Woodwork 57
8.06. EXERCISE-PITCHED ROOF FRAMING
QUESTION: B.rne. the roof framing as specified and as shown on Drawings 6.3 and
6.4, given that the roof pitch is 22.5 degrees and the eaves width is 520mm.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
WOODWORK
ROOF FRAMING All roof framing to be F8 grade sawn hardwood.

Frame up roof wifh members of the following sizes:
100 x 38 raffers spaced at 450mm maximum centres.
150 x 25 ridge and hip rafters.
150 x 38 valley raffer.
100 x 75 underpurlins.
100 x 50 collar ties fixed f o raffers wifh IOmm diam. galvd bolfs.
MEASUREMENT NOTES-PITCHED ROOF FRAMING
Rafters: Divide the roof into two rectangles starting with the greatest span.
Treat each rectangle as in Example 8.05.
I I
L I
Ridges: Use the same method as Example 8.05 to calculate the major ridge
length. The length of the minor ridge is determined using the knowledge that
the opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal.
Hips and Valley Rafters: Use the same method as the hips in Example 8.05.
8.07. EXERCISE-ROOF TRUSSES
QUESTION: In accordance with Drawing 8.5 and the following specification notes,
measure and extend the following Bill of Quantities extract for the roof trusses.
SPECIFICATION
WOODWORK
ROOF TRUSSES Frame up roof with Type A proprietary prefabricated
timber roof trusses spaced at 600mm maximum centres. Secure trusses to
wall plafes with Trip-L-Grip framing anchors. Provide two 75 x 50 Oregon
wind braces at each gable end truss and brace trusses with 75 x 25 Oregon
diagonal braces nailed fo underside of top chords.
SECTION
12000
,
ROOF PLAN
DRAWING 8.5
WOODWORK
Roof Trusses
a Type A proprietary prefabricated timber
roof trusses to suit concrete roof tiles,
spaced at 600mm maximum centres, nominal
6000mm span, 17 degrees pitch, 600mm
horizontal overhang each side, and
include for hoisting and fixing approx.
2.50m high above ground level. no
b Trip-L-Grip framing anchors securing
trusses to timber wall plates. no
c 75 x 50 Oregon wind bracing. m
d 75 x 25 ditto diagonal bracing. m
MEASUREMENT NOTES-ROOF TRUSSES

Item a-Roof Trusses: Refer SMM 11.2 Prefabricated Roof Trusses, page 88.
Calculate the number of trusses using the centre calculation method as
described in clause 8.02 Centre Calculations.
Items c and d-Bracing: Since Drawing 8.5 has been photographically reduced
it will be necessary to redraw the plan and elevation to scale, plot the position
of the braces, and measure the true length of the braces using geometrical
methods. Alternatively, the length of the braces can be calculated
mathematically.
8.08. EXAMPLE-EAVES
Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of fascias, barges, eaves
soffit linings and associated trims.
QUESTION: B.rne. the fascias, barges, eaves lining and trims as specified and as
shown in Drawing 8.6, given that the roof pitch is 22.5 degrees.
SPECIFICATION
WOODWORK
FASCIAS AND BARGE BOARDS to be ex. 200 x 38 dressed and grooved
bullnosed Oregon fixed in long lengths and mitred at external comers and
joints.
Provide matching infill panel at junction of fascia and barge board at gable
ends.
EAVES SOFFIT LINING Line eaves with 4Smm thick fibre cement
sheeting nailed direct to timber soffit framing and finished at joints with
extruded plastic H section moulding.
TRIMS Finish junction of eaves soffit lining and brickwork with 25mm
Pacific maple quadrant mould mitred at external corners and joints.
T
. 5H:wN?
SECTION A SECTION 8
L A
9000
1
ROOF PLAN
DRAWING 8.6
WOODWORK
Fascias and Barge Boards
a Ex 200 x 38 dressed and grooved bullnosed
Oregon fascia, fixed in long lengths and
mitred at external comers and joints. m 27
219.74 19.48
6.98 6.98
a,c (250+9000+450+38)
d (38+450+6000+450+38)
JD-~I
C
26.46m
b Ex 200 x 38 ditto barge boards. m 8

Length of Barge:
+ eaves width 450
+ fascia thick 3
Horizontal Distance [ H 3 3488mm
Net barge length [ B ] = H / cos Roof Pitch
= 3488 I cos 22S0
= 3775mrn
Barge length = B + plumb cut allowance (P.C.A.)

= 3775 + 150
= 3925mrn
213.93 7.86 b
7.86m
c Ex 38 thick dressed Oregon infill panel at

junction of barge board and exposed end of
4 5 0 m wide eaves, cut to triangular shape
and set flush with barge board. no 2
-
2 -
2 gable ends
-2
Eaves Soffit Lining

d 4 . 5 m thick fibre cement sheeting as eaves
soffit Lining nailed direct to underside of
timber soffit framing and finished at joints
with and include for extruded plastic H 2
section moulding. m 12
2/ 9.70 a,c (250 + 9000 + 450 = 9700)

-0.45 8.73
6.00 d
0.45 2.70
11.43m2
e Ditto to raking and vertical eaves at gable

end, 0-25Omm wide. m 8
21 4.00* 8.00 c, *approx. quantity

8.00m
Trims
f 25mm Pacific maple quadrant mould fixed at
the junction of eaves soffit lining and
brickwork, and mitred at external comers
and joints. m 33
2 / m 18.10 a,c
6.05 6.05 d
21 4.00* 8.00 b *approx. quantity
32.15m
MEASUREMENT NOTES-EAVES
Item a-Fascias: Fascias have been measured their extreme length.
Item b-Barge Boards: Calculate barge length using the same method used for
the calculation of the common rafter length previously.
Item d-Eaves Soffit Lining: Net area measured. Joint cover strips between the
sheets included in the description. (Refer SMM 11.12, page 90.)
Item e-Eaves Soffit Lining: Measure in metres. (Refer SMM 11.12, M18,
page 90.) Approximate quantity given since the cost of the moulding is
minimal and it does not just@ the time required to calculate the precise length
mathematically.
CHAPTER 9
ROOFING

Refer to SMM, Section 16, Roofing, pages 107-114, for the rules governing the
measurement of roofing. In particular the following basic requirement should be
noted:
1. Roofing is measured to the net area to be covered, unless stated
otherwise, including under ridges, flashings and similar items.
9.02. EXAMPLE-CONCRETE ROOF TILING

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of roof tiling.
QUESTION: B.me. the roof tiling as specified and as shown in Drawing 8.3, given
that the fascia thickness is 2 5 m .
SPECIFICATION NOTES
ROOFlNG
CONCRETE ROOF TILING Cover all roof slopes with selected colour
Roman pattern concrete roof tiles. Fix tiles to 38 x 25 Oregon battens
spaced to suit the tiles. Finish ridge and hips with matching cappings and
accessories bedded in cement mortar and point up with coloured mortar. On
completion sweep down all roof slopes and clean out all gutters.
ROOFING
Concrete Roof Tiling
a Selected colour Roman pattern concrete
roof tiles fixed to and include for
38 x 25 Oregon battens spaced to suit
the tiles. Roof pitch 20 degrees.
Single storey work. m2 108
Roof Area = 2LS
Roof Length (L):
+ 2 x eaves width 1000
+ 2 x fascia thickness 50
+ 2 x 50mm oversail 100
Roof length (L) = 14150mm
Slope Height ( S ) :
+ eaves width 500
+ fascia thickness 25
+ 50mm oversail 50
Horizontal (H) = 3575mm
Slope height (S) = H 1 cos Roof Pitch
= 3575 I cos 20°

Slope height ( S ) = 3804mm
21 14.15
3.81 107.82
107.82m2
b Matching concrete ridge capping bedded
in cement mortar and pointed up in
coloured mortar. m 7
Length of Ridge:
less building width -6000
7.00 7.00
7.00m
c Ditto hip capping. m 21
Length of Hip:
Hip length -m
-
= 3575’ + 3804’
= 5220mm
415.22 20.88 hips

20.88m
d Ditto three-way apex tiles. no 2
2 _.
2
2
Chapter 9 Roofing 65
e Ditto hip starter tiles. no 4

-
4 -
4
4
-
MEASUREMENT NOTES-ROOF TILING

The area of a hipped end pitched roof is the same as a gable end pitched roof,
given that the plan dimensions and pitch are identical.
The area of a pitched roof is calculated using the formula A = 2LS. Where A
is the surface area, L is the overall roof length and S is the slope height.
Where roof tiles finish at an eaves gutter allow 50mm oversail into the gutter.
9.03. EXAMPLE-TERRACOTTA ROOF TILING

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of terracotta roof tiling.
QUESTION: B.rne. the roofing as specified and as shown in Drawing 9.1.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
ROOFING
TERRACOTTA ROOF TILING Cover all roof slopes with selected colour
glazed Modern French pattern terracotta roof tiles. Fix tiles to 38 x 25 pine
battens spaced to suit the tiles.
Finish ridge and hips with matching terracotta cappings and accessories
bedded in cement mortar and point up with coloured mortar.
Bed verge tiles in cement mortar on IOOmm wide fibre cement strip and
point up with coloured mortar as detailed.
On completion sweep down all roof slopes and clean out all gutters.
SARKING Prior to fming roof battens, sark the roof with double-sided
aluminium foil sarking, lapped and fmed in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
I / I
--@
e I
--< \
i
@ 1 1
SECTlON 0
DRAWING 9.1
Chapter9 Roofing 67
ROOFING
Terracotta Roof Tiling
a Selected colour glazed Modem French
pattern terracona roof tiles fixed to
and include for 38 x 25 pine battens
spaced to suit the tiles. Roof pitch
22.5 degrees. Single storey work. m2 211
Roof Area A = 2LASA
Roof Length (LA):
+ eaves width 600
+ 50mm oversail 50
+ gable 325
Roof length (LA)= 19280mm
Slope Height (SA):
+ eaves width 600
+ 50mm oversail 50
Horizontal (HA)= 4635mm
Slope height (S,) = HAI cos Roof Pitch
0
= 4635 I cos 22.5
Slope height (S A)
Roof Area B = 2L,S,
Roof Length (L,):
Roof length (L,) = 3000mm
Slope Height (S,):
+ eaves width 600
+ 50mm oversail 50
Horizontal (H,) = 2675mm
Slope height (S,) = % I cos Roof Pitch
= 2675 I cos 22.5'
Slope height (S,) = 2895mm
21 19.28
-5.02 193.57 RoofA
21 3.00
-2.90 - 17.40 RoofB
210.97m2
b Matching terracotta ridge capping

bedded in cement mortar and pointed
up in coloured mortar. m 18
Length of Ridge A:

+ gable 325
less half building width .3960
Ridge A length = 14645mm
Length of Ridge B:
Ridge B length = 3000mm
14.65 14.65 Ridge A

-
3.00 -3.00 RidgeB
17.65m
c Ditto hip capping. m 18
Length of Hip A:
Hip ALength =-
=&zzi7
= 6830mm
Length of Hip B:
Hip B Length =JH, 2 +S, 2
=Jzzz
= 3942n~n
Length of Hip C (Broken Hip):

Hip C Length = Hip A less Hip B
= 6830 - 3942
Chapter9 Roofing 69
6.83 6.83 Hip A

2/= 7.90 HipB
-2.89 -2.89 Hip C
17.62m
d Ditto three-way apex tiles. no 2

2 2
e Ditto hip starter tiles. no 3
3 3
-
3
f Verge treatment comprising bedding verge
tiles in cement mortar on l 0 O m wide fibre
cement strip and pointing up with coloured mortar
as detailed; include for all necessary cutting. m 11
2 / 5.02 10.04 Repeat S,

10.04m
Sarking
g Double-sided aluminium foil sarking,
lapped and fixed in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions. m2 211
21 lm2 Repeat area of tiling
MEASUREMENT NOTES-TERRACOTTA ROOF TILING

Item a-Roof Tiling: Divide the roof into rectangles, starting with the greatest
span. Treat each rectangle as in Example 9.02.
LA 1
1
70 Basic Buildmg Measurement
9.04. EXERCISE-ROOF TILING

QUESTION: B.me. the roofing as specified and as shown in Drawing 6.3, given that
the roof is a hipped end pitched roof having a pitch of 17.5 degrees, with 520mm
eaves width and 38mm thick fascia.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
ROOFING
TERRACOTTA ROOF TILING Cover all roof slopes with selected colour
glazed Swiss pattern terracotta roof tiles. Fix tiles to 38 x 38 pine battens
spaced to suit the tiles.
Finish ridge and hips with matching terracotta cappings and accessories
bedded in cement mortar andpoint up with coloured mortar.
On completion sweep down aU roof slopes and clean out aU gutters.
SARKING Prior to fuing roof batfens, sark the roof with double-sided
aluminium foil sarking, lapped and f u e d in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
9.05. EXAMPLE-METAL ROOFING, GUTTERS AND DOWNPIPES

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of metal roofing, gutters
and downpipes.
QUESTION: B.me. the roofing as specified and as shown in Drawing 9.2.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
ROOFING
METAL ROOFING shall be Lysaght's Brownbuilt 305 manufactured from
0.75mm min. total thickness zincalume coated steel sheet. Fix roof sheeting
in single lengths and secure with snap-in clip fuings side fmed to roof
members. Roofing to be installed in accordance with AS 1562.
Cappings, flashings and other accessories shall be 0.75mm min. total
thickness zincalume coated steel sheet and shall be f u e d with monel blind
pop rivets.
GUTTERS Provide and fix 115mm wide, 0.60mm thick zincalume coated
steel quadrant section eaves gutters. Gutters to be supported on gutter
brackets spaced at 1200mm max. cts. Gutters to be lapped, riveted and
silicone sealed at joints. Provide aU necessary mitred angles, stop ends and
outlets.
DOWNPIPES Provide and f m 100 x 50 x 0.60mm thick zincalume coated
steel downpipes. Downpipes to be well entered, riveted and silicone sealed at
joints. Downpipes to be fmed to brickwork with matching astragals spaced
at 2700mm max. cts, minimum 3 per stuck. Provide aU necessary bends,
offsets, etc. and connect to P.V.C. drains.
Chapter9 Roofing 71
0A-f
CAPPING
3aw'
SECTION Y SECTION 2
18 280
,
PLAN
DRAWING 9.2
ROOFING
Metal Roofing
a Lysaght’s Brownbuilt 305 manufactured
fiom 0.75mm min total thickness zincalume
coated steel sheet, fixed in single lengths,
and secured with snap-in clip fixings side
fixed to roof members; all installed in
accordance with AS 1562. Roof pitch 22.5
degrees. Two-storey work. m’ 199
Roof Area A = 2LS
Roof Length (L):
Building Length 18280
+ eaves width 600
+ 50mm oversail 50
+ gable 450
+ barge 38
Roof length (L) = 19456mm
Slope Height ( S ) :
+ eaves width 600
+ 5Omm oversail 50
Horizontal (H) = 4648 mm
Net slope height = H I cos Roof Pihch
= 4648 1cos 22.5
= 5031
+ turn up
Slope height ( S )
21 19.46
-5.09 -198.10
198.1Om’
b Raking cutting to roof sheeting at hips. m 28

Length of Hip:
Hip Length =J-zz
=$&zz
= 6849mm
Chapter9 Roofing 73
2/2/= 27.40 hips

27.40m
Turn up roof trays and form stop ends

in roof sheeting at ridge and hips. m 58
Length of Ridge:

+ gable eaves 450
+ barge 38
less half building width -3960
2/2/= 27.40 Hips

2 / m 29.62 Ridge
57.02m
Turn down trays of roof sheeting at eaves

gutters. m 49
2119.46 38.92 repeat L

9.30 9.30 repeat 2xH (2 x 4648)
48.22m
0.75mm min. total thickness zincalume

coated steel sheet stock pattern ridge
capping futed with monel blind pop rivets. m 15
-
14.81 -
14.81 Repeat ridge length, Item c
14.81m
Ditto hip cappings. m 14
2 16.85 13.70 Repeat hip length, Item b

13.70m
Ditto 3 way apex piece. no 1

-
1 1
1
.
Ditto barge capping. m 11
2 15.04 10.08 Repeat net slope ht., Item a (5031)

10.08m
Gutters
i 115mm wide 0.60mm thick zincalume
coated steel quadrant section eaves
gutter, lapped riveted and silicone
sealed at joints, and supported on and
include for gutter brackets spaced at
1200mm max. centres. m 49
a,b C a
building 18280 7920

eaves width 600 1200
fascia 38 76 b
gutter 115 230
gable 450
barge 38
total 19521 9426
2 f U 39.06 a,b
-9.43 -9.43 c
48.49m
j Stop ends to gutters. no 2
k Mitred angles ditto. no 2
1 Spigot outlets to suit 100 x 50

downpipes ditto. no 4
Downpipes
m 100 x 50 x 0.60mm thick zincalume
coated steel downpipes, well entered,
riveted and silicone sealed at joints,
and fixed to brickwork with matching
astragals spaced at 2700mm maximum
centres, minimum 3 per stack. m 28
4 16.85 27.40 (200+700+5700+250)
27.40m
n Bends to downpipes. no 8
o Shoes ditto. no 4
p Make connection of downpipes to

P.V.C. drains. no 4
MEASUREMENT NOTES-METAL ROOFING, GUTTERS AND

DOWNPIPES
Metal Roofing: Refer SMM 16.5, page 109.
Item a-Roofing: Allow 50mm oversail into gutters as for tile roofing with an
additional allowance of 50mm for tum up at ridge.
Item b-Raking Cutting: Measure to both sides of each hip.
I
Gutters: Refer SMM 16.22, page 112.

Item i-Gutters: Bead length of gutter measured.
Downpipes: Refer SMM 16.23, page 113.
Item m-Downpipes: Net centre line measured, viz.
[200 fascia + 700 offset + 5700 wall + 250 shoe]
CHAPTER 10
CONCRETE

Refer to SMM, Section 6, Concrete, pages 31-52, for the rules governing the
measurement of concrete. In particular the following basic requirements should be
noted:
1. Section 6, Concrete, is divided into a number of sub-sections, v k :
In-situ Concrete
Formwork
Permanent Metal Formwork System
Reinforcement
Prestressing
Slip Formed Construction
Precast Concrete
Tanking
The SMM requires that all of the above categories are measured
separately.
2. Formwork is measured to the net contact surface between formwork
and concrete.
3. Calculate mass of bar reinforcement as the net theoretical mass with no
allowance for rolling margin.
10.02. BAR REINFORCEMENT
10.02.01 Mass Per Unit Length

Steel Bar and Round Rod Reinforcement
Diameter (mm) Mass per unit length (kg/m)
6 0.222
8 0.395
10 0.616
12 0.887
16 1.58
20 2.46
24 3.55
28 4.84
I
Chapter 10 Concrete 77
10.02.02 Fitment Hook End Allowance ( Refer AS 1480 )

Allow lOOmm for each fitment hook end.
IlOOb
10.02.03 Hook and Cog Allowance ( Refer AS 1480 )

Diameter ( m ) Hook / Cog Allowance (mm)
10 130
12 160
16 180
20 220
Hook End Detailing Cog End
4
1 Allowance
,,
Dimension
/
t
Allowance
1
1
10.03. REINFORCEMENT DRAWING NOTATION

Reinforcement Types
Y denotes hot rolled deformed bar to AS 1302
R denotes hot rolled plain round bar to AS 1302
F denotes hard drawn wire fabric to AS 1304
W denotes hard drawn plain wire to AS 1303
TM denotes hard drawn wire trench mesh to AS 1304
Structural Drawing Convention
-
6 Y 12 signifies six 12mm diam. hot rolled deformed reinforcing bars
conforming to AS 1302.
-
R6 600 signifies 6mm diam plain round bar reinforcement conforming to
AS 1302 spaced at 600mm maximum centres.
10.04. EXAMPLE 1-REINFORCED CONCRETE STRIP FOOTINGS

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of reinforced concrete
strip footings.
QUESTION: B.me. the reinforced concrete strip footings as specified and as shown
in Drawing 10.1.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
CONCRETE
REINFORCED CONCRETE STRIP FOOTINGS Concrete to be F’c 20
MPa mix. Provide concrete strip footings to the extent as shown, reinforced
with bar reinforcement as detailed. Provide 50mm concrete cover to a11
reinforcement.
0
1 1
BRICKWORK FOUNDATION PLAN
1 550 1 DRAWING 10.1

CONCRETE
IN-SlTU CONCRETE
Footings
a F c 20 MPa reinforced concrete strip footings
poured in trenches. m3 6
Footing lengths:
ftg a,c: 11770 - 280 = 11490
ftg b,d: 4060 - 280 = 3780
ftg.e: 3500 - 270 = 3230
550 x 300 ftgs:

2 J 11.49 22.98 a,c
2 J 3.78 7.56 b,d
30.54m x 0.55 x 0.30 = 5.04
380 x 300 ftgs:

3.23 3.23 e
3.23m x 0.38 x 0.30 = -
0.37
3
total: 5.41m
REINFORCEMENT
Footings
b Y12 to strip footings. t 0.19
Brickwork oJall 11770 4060

+ 2 x offsets 270 270
Ftg olall length 12040 4330
less 2 x cover 100 100
Rebar length 11940 4230
2 J 6 111.94 143.28 a,c

2 J 6 J 4.23 50.76 b,d
4 J 4.23 16.92 e
210.96m x 0.887kg/m = 187.12kg
C R6 fitments ditto. t 0.02
Fitment length:
L = 2A + 2B + 2HE
where A = width of fitment
B = depth of fitment
and HE = fitment hook end allowance
550 x 300 ftgs:
L = 2 ~ 4 5 +0 2 x 200 + 2 x 100
= 1500mm
380 x 300 ftgs:

L = 2 x 280 + 2 x 200 + 2 x 100
= 1160mm
Number of fitments:
Ftgs a,c 11940 / 1200 = 10 + 1 = 11
Ftgs b,d,e 4330 - 1100 = 3230 / 1200 = 3 + 1 = 4
2 / 11 /1.50 33.00 a,c

2 / 4/1.50 12.00 b,d
4/1.16 4.64 e
49.64m x 0.222kgJm = 11.02kg
MEASUREMENT NOTES-REINFORCED CONCRETE S l ”

FOOTINGS
Item a-Concrete: Calculate lengths of footings a 4 inclusive using the centre
line measurement method as previously described in clause 3.05.02. Note that
since the brick cavity wall is centrally located over the footing, the centre line
length of the wall is the same as the centre line length of the footing. Thus
brickwork dimensions can be used to calculate the concrete footing length, e.g.
in the case of footing a, 11770 - 280 = 11490.
The length of footing e is the distance from the inside face of footing a to the
inside face of footing c.
Multiply the centre line lengths by the cross-section size to obtain the concrete
volume.
All strip footings are included in the one description even though they may be
of different cross-sectional size.
Item b-Main Reinforcement: Find the length of each reinforcement bar by

calculating the overall footing length and deducting the concrete cover. Allow
for laps in reinforcement at comers and intersections. In this case, all other
laps are deemed to be included in the price, refer to SMM clauses M4 and P1,
page 44.
Item c-Fitments: Calculate the length of the fitments for each different size
footing using the formula L = 2A + 2B + 2HE. A is equal to the width of the
footing less the concrete cover, similarly B is equal to the depth of the footing
less the concrete cover, and HE is 1OOmm. (Refer 10.02.02).
Unless the locations of the fitments are shown on the engineer’s drawings,
there is no set method for locating the fitments to strip footings. The method
adopted above is to space the fitments to the longitudinal footings overall, and
to space the fitments to the vertical footings in between as shown below.
4
LONGITUDINAL -SPACE OVERALL
.t
10.05. EXERCISE-REINFORCED CONCRETE STRIP FOOTINGS
QUESTION: In accordance with the accompanying specification notes, b.me. the

reinforced concrete strip footings for the building plan shown in Drawing 6.3 and as
detailed below in Drawing 10.2.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
CONCRETE
REINFORCED CONCRETE STRIP FOOTINGS Concrete to be F'c 20
MPa mix. Provide concrete strip footings to the extent as shown, reinforced
with bar reinforcement as detailed. Provide 40mm concrete cover to all
reinforcement.
CL
4-YE
.
RIO - 9 0 5
b
DRAWING 10.2
Chapter 10 Concrete a3
10.06. EXAMPLE 2-REINFORCED CONCRETE STRIP FOOTINGS
QUESTION: In accordance with the accompanying specification notes, b.me. the in-
situ concrete and formwork for the strip footings shown in Drawing 10.3 below.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
CONCRETE
REINFORCED CONCRETE STRIP FOOTINGS Concrete to be F’c 20
MPa mix. Provide concrete strip footings to the extent as shown.
--
A - 111; I
i
4
I x
n
X
-p
ELEVATION - TYPICAL STfP
DRAWING 10.3
CONCRETE
IN-SJTU CONCRETE
Footings
a F c 20 MPa reinforced concrete strip footings
poured in trenches. m3 5
600 x 300 figs:

2 / 6.00 a,c (6280 - 280 = 6000)
0.60
-0.30 2.16
2 / 4.00 b,d (4280 - 280 = 4000)
0.60
-0.30 1.44
2 / 0.60 2c steps (172mm)
0.60
-0.18 0.13
2 / 0.60 3c steps (257mm)
0.60
-0.26 0.19
0.60 4c steps (343mm)
0.60
0.35 0.13
4.05m3
FORMWORK
Footings
b Formwork to vertical face of steps in
strip footings. m2 1
2 J 0.60 3c steps
0.26 0.31
0.60 4c steps
0.35 0.21
0.52m2
c Ditto, 0-250 high. m 2
2 / 0.60 1.20 2c steps

1.20m
MEASUREMENT NOTES-STEPPED REINFORCED CONCRETE STRIP

FOOTINGS
Item a-Concrete: When measuring stepped strip footings, in the first instance
ignore the steps and measure as level footings. Then measure the additional
concrete in the steps.
10.07. EXAMPLE-REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB ON GROUND

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of a reinforced concrete
slab on ground.
QUESTION: B.me. the reinforced concrete slab on ground as specified and as
shown in Drawings 10.4 and 10.5.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
CONCRETE
REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB ON GROUND Concrete to be F’c 20
MPa mix. Form for, reinforce and pour concrete jloor slab and attached
beams as detailed. Concrete cover to be 50mm, except f o r fabric
reinforcement to slab, which is to be located 25mm fro m the top of the slab.
Properly cure concrete and finish slab with a steel trowel.
I
A
6508 ,
SECTION AA
DRAWING 10.4
DETAfL Y D€TAlL Z
DRAWING 10.5
C0NCRETE
IN-SITU CONCRETE
Slabs
a F'c 20 MPa reinforced concrete in floor slab

poured on ground, 101-2OOmm thick. (m2 27 ) m3 4
6.2 1
-
4.21 -
26.14 plan area
26. 14m2x 0.130m = 3.40 m3
b Ditto in attached floor beams poured in ground. m3 4
2 15.98 Edge beams:

0.54
0.27 1.74 a,c
2 I 3.97
0.54
0.27 1.16 b,d
3.44 Internal beam:
0.57
0.27 0.53 e
3.43m3
Deductions:
2 16.36 Edge Rebate:
0.15
0.05 0.10 a,c
2 f 4.36
0.15
0.05 0.07 b,d
0. 17m3(ddt)
3.26m3 net volume
Integral Finishes
Steel trowel finish to floor slab. m2 27

26. 14m2 Repeat area of slab Item a
FORMWORK
Slabs
Formwork to vertical face of attached
floor beam, partially above ground,
measured full depth, 6 2 5 0 high. m 23
2 1 U 13.02 a,c
2 1 4.5 1 9.02 b,d
22.04m
Ditto to vertical face of rebate formed

in edge of floor slab, 0-250 high. m 21
2 1 U 12.42 a,c
2 14.21 8.42 b,d
20.84m
REINFORCEMENT
Slabs
F72 to floor slab. m2 26
6.11
- -
4.11 25.11
25. I lm2
F8TM4 to attached floor beams. m 4 4

F8TM4 = 3 lOmm wide
2 1 2 16.41 25.64 a,c (6508 - 100)

2 1 2 14.41 17.64 b,d (4502 - 100)
43.28m
F8TM3 ditto. m 5
F8TM3 = 210mm wide
-
4.41 -
4.41 e (4502 - 100)
4.41m
i R6 ties ditto. t 0.01

Fitment (tie) length:
L = 2A + 2B + 2HE
400 x 228 edge beams (a,b,c,d):
L = 2 x 310 + 2 x 128 + 2 x 100

= 1076mrn
300 x 400 int. beam (e):
L =2~210+2~325+2~100
= 1270mrn
Number of fitments (ties):
Beams a,c 6408 I 1000 = 7 + 1 = 8

Beams b,d,e 4502 - 800 = 3702 I 1000 = 4 + 1 = 5
2 / 8 / m 17.28 a,c
2 / 5 11.08 10.80 b,d
5 1 1.27 6.35 e
34.43m x 0.222kg/m = 7.64kg
j Allow for the preparation of bending

schedules for 26m2 of fabric reinforcement,
49m of trench mesh and 0.0 1t of bar
reinforcement. Item
MEASUREMENT NOTES-REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB ON

GROUND
Item d-Formwork: Free edge of slab is partially above ground level, therefore
formwork is measured full height to slab edge. (Refer SMM 6.2.1, M8, page
38.)
Items g and h-Trench Mesh: Trench mesh is billed in metres stating the
width. (Refer SMM 6.4.5, page 45.) Length of trench mesh includes for
design laps at comers and intersections.
Note: F8TM3 indicates trench mesh having three 8mrn diam. structural grade
round bar main reinforcement rods. The nominal width of F8TM3 trench
mesh is 2 1 0 m
10.08. EXAMPLLPIER AND BEAM FOOTINGS

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of concrete pier and
beam footings.
QUESTION: B.me. the concrete pier and beam footings as specified and as shown in
Drawing 10.6.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
CONCRETE
PIER AND BEAM FOOTINGS Concrete to be F’c 20 MPa mix. Form for,
reinforce and pour concrete pier and beam footings as detailed
A11 piers are to be 600mm d i m .
Existing ground level is R.L. 10.000.
Top of footing beams is R.L. 9.900.
Schedule of Pier Depths:
Pier R.L. at bottom of Pier
PI 3.300
P2 3.150
P3 2.780
P4 4.100
P5 3.000
P6 2.340
Scabble top of concrete piers prior to pouring beams.

r2YJ2 I
r’ k . R8 -300
qJ
I
w ‘ I
85,6,7 (500x 300)
B?,3 (500x300) 82,4 (500 x 300)
1
1 ..3000
c
. 3000
Chapm 10 Concrete 91
CONCRETE
IN-SITU CONCRETE
Footings
a F c 20 MPa unreinforced concrete in
piers poured in ground. m3 11
-
6.10 P1
6.25 P2
6.62 P3
-
5.30 P4
-
6.40 P5
7.06 P6
37.73m x 0.30 x 0.30 x x = 10.67m3
b F c 20 MPa reinforced concrete in
footing beams poured in ground. m3
2 1 6.00 , B1-2,B3-4
0.30
0.50 1.80
2 13.50 B5,7
0.30
0.50 1.05
3.20 B6
0.30
-
0.50 -
0.48
3.33m3
c Scabble top of 600mm diam concrete
piers prior to pouring beams. m2
6 1 1 0.30
0.30 1.70
1.70m2
FORMWORK
Footings
d Formwork to sides of footing beams
above piers. m2
6 1 1.00 P1-6
-0.50 3.00
3.00m2
REINFORCEMENT
Footings
e Y10 and Y12 to footing beams. t 0.12
y10:
2 / 2 / m B1,2; B3,4 T
41 4 1 D B1,2,3,4 B
74.36m x 0.616 kg/m = 45.81kg
y12:
2121- B1,2; B3,4 T
3121- B5,6,7 T
3141m B5,6,7 B
75.18m x 0.887 kg/m = 66.68kg
Total: 112.49kg
f R8 fitments to ditto. t 0.04

Fitment (tie) length:
L = 2A + 2B + 2HE
500 x 300 beams (Bl-6):
L =2x170+2~385+2~100
= 1310mm
Number of fitments (ties):
Beams B 1 4 2400 I300 = 8 + 1 = 9

Beams B5-7 2900 I300 = 10 + 1 = 11
4 1 9/= B1-4
3/11/= B5-7
90.39m x 0.395kg/m = 35.70kg
g Allow for the preparation of bending

schedules for 0.16t of bar reinforcement. Item
MEASUREMENT NOTES-PIER AND BEAM FOOTINGS

The rules governing the measurement of cast in-situ bored concrete piers are
contained in SMM, Section 5, Piling, clause 5.2, pages 29-30. This clause
states that concrete and reinforcement are to be measured in accordance with
Section 6, Concrete.
10.09. EXERCISE-SLABS AND STAIRS

QUESTION: In accordance with Drawings 10.7, 10.8 and 10.9 and the following
specifcation notes, measure and extend the following Bill of Quantities' Concrete
section.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
CONCRETE
SLABS AND STAIR

Concrete to be F'c 25 MPa mix.
The minimum standard of finishes to .,rme~ sur,-ces based on AS1510,
shall be as follows:
Slab and stair soffits-Class 2
Surjaces not otherwise specified-Class 4
Reinforce, form as necessary and pour concrete slabs, stairs and landing,
including all associated thicknessings, haunchings, etc., all as detailed on
the accompanying drawings.
Finish alljloor slab surjaces with a steel trowel.
I- F82 T.
Y 12 - 200 T.
w
Y16 -2OOT.
-
Y l d 200 0.
Y 12 - -2000.
SECTIOId D
DRAWING 10.7
94 Basic Building;Measurement
0
h
N
SECTION BB
S E C T I O N AA
DRAWING 10.8
DRAWING 10.9
-
96 Basic Building Measuren t
CONCRETE
a Refer to the SMM for details regarding
Measurement and Prices of Concrete. Note
IN-SITU CONCRETE
b Refer to the Concrete section of the
Specification for particulars of in-situ
concrete. Note
C Allow for providing samples of materials or
finishes. Item
d Allow for testing of materials, concrete
specimens and similar. Item
e Allow for protecting and curing concrete.
(m2 ) Item
Slabs and Stair
F c 25 MPa reinforced concrete in:
f Suspended floor slabs oured on formwork,
101-2OOmm thick. ( n-? ) m3
g Suspended stair flights and landing. m3

Integral Finish
h Steel trowel finish to floor slabs. m2
FORMWORK
i Refer to the Concrete section of the
Specification for particulars of formwork. Note
Slabs and Stair
Class 2 finish formwork to:
j Horizontal soffit of suspended floor

slabs not exceeding 200mm thick, with
struts not exceeding 3.00m high. m2
k Ditto suspended stair landing slab. m2
1 Raking soffit of suspended stair flights. m2
m Free edges of floor slabs, 0-25Omm high. m
n Vertical face of thicknessings in soffit
of suspended floor slabs at wall bearings,
0-250 high. m
- Chapter 10 Concrete 97
a Vertical face of stair strings. m2

b Vertical face of stair risers, 0-250 high. m
C Free edges of stair landing slab,
0-250 high. m
REINFORCEMENT
d Refer to the Concrete section of the
Specification for particulars of
reinforcement. Note
e Allow for the preparation of bending
schedules for t of bar reinforcement
and ~ m2 of fabric reinforcement. Item
Slabs and Stair

f F82 to suspended floor slabs. m2
g F92 to ditto. m2
h Y 12 trimmers to ditto. t
i Y 12 and Y 16 to suspended stair
flights and landing slab. t
CHAPTER 11
GROUNDWORKS

Refer to SMM, Section 4, Groundworks, pages 15-20, for the rules governing the
measurement of Excavation; Filling and Hardcore; and Paper md Plastic Membranes.
In particular the following basic requirements should be noted:
1. Measure all excavation and subsequent disposal before excavation.
(Refer SMM 4.1, M1, page 15.)
2. Measure filling, hardcore and similar after consolidation. (Refer SMM
4.2, M1, page 19.)
11.02. EXAMPLE-TRENCH EXCAVATION

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of trench excavation for
smp footings.
QUESTION: B.me. the trench excavation as specified and as shown in Drawing
10.1.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
EXCAVATION
TRENCH EXCAVATION All excavation is to be allowed f o r in material
other than rock (O.T.R.). Excavate f o r strip footings, part bmkjJ1 with the
best of the excavated material and spread surplus spoil on site where
directed.
GROUNDWORKS
EXCAVATION
Trench Excavation
a The commencing level for excavation
is natural ground level. Note
b Trench excavation for strip footings,
in material O.T.R., not exceeding
1.OOm total depth, part backfilled
with the best of the excavated
material and surplus spoil spread
on site where directed. m3 8
30.54 repeat c/l length, Item a, page 79
0.55 ftg a,b,c,d.
0.40 6.72
3.23 repeat c/l length, Item a, page 79
0.38 ftg e
0.40 0.49
7.21m3
Working Space andlor Maintaining Faces

c Working space and/or maintaining
sides of trench excavation not
exceeding 1.00m total depth. m2 28
2 / 30.54 repeat c/l length

0.40 24.43 ftg a,b,c,d
2 / 3.23 repeat c/l length
0.40 2.58 ftg e
27.01m2
MEASUREMENT NOTES-TRENCH EXCAVATION

Item b-Trench excavation: It is normal practice to measure the excavation
section after the concrete section. In order to save time previous
measurements may be reused where applicable. In this case, since the centre
line of the footing is the same as the trench, the total centre-line lengths can be
repeated from the in-situ concrete.
Item c-Working space and/or maintaining faces: The SMM requires that
working space and/or maintaining faces of excavation is "measured in all
cases including to excavation in rock whether any is required or not in order
that the risk may bepriced." (Refer SMM, Section 4.1, Excavation, Clause 10
page 18.)
11.03. EXERCEE-TRENCH EXCAVATION

QUESTION B.me. the trench excavation as specified and as shown in Drawings 6.3
and 10.2.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
EXCAVATION
TRENCH EXCAVATION All excavahon is to be allowed for in material
other than rock (O.T.R.). Excavate for strip footings, part backfill with the
best of the excavated material and spread surplus spoil on site where
directed.
11.04. EXERCISE-EXCAVATION FOR SLAB ON GROUND
QUESTION: In accordance with Drawings 10.4 and 10.5 and the following
specification notes, measure and extend the following Bill of Quantities’
Groundworks section.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
GROUNDWORKS
EXCAVATION All excavation is to be allowed fo r in material other than
rock (O.T.R.).
Clear the area of the building of all rubbish and vegetable matter and cart
away spoil.
Excavate forfloor slab and attuchedfloor beams to the profiles as shown
and spread spoil on site where directed.
Trim and levellbatter ground and leave ready to receive hardcore filling and
concrete.
HARDCORE FILLING Provide lOOmm thick layer of hardcore filling
under Boor slab as detailed, thoroughly consolidate and blind over with
sand.
WATERPROOF MEMBRANE Cover the area under the floor slab and
attached floor beams with 0.2mm thick coloured polythene film sheet, lap
150mm at joints and seal with pressure sensitive tape. Turn membrane up
outside face of edge beams to base of rebate.
GROUNDWORKS
Preambles omitted
EXCAVATION
Clear the area of the building of all
vegetable matter and cart away spoiL
The commencing level for excavation
is natural ground level.
Surface excavation to reduce levels
in material O.T.R. and spread spoil
on site where directed. ( m2 )
Trench excavation for attached floor

beams, not exceeding 1.00m total depth,
ditto.
3 101
Working space andlor maintaining

vertical sides of trench excavation
not exceeding 1.00m total depth. m2
Trim and level excavated ground
and leave ready to receive
hardcore filling. m2
Trim and batter sloping sides of
excavated trenches exceeding 30
degrees fiom the horizontal. m2
HARDCORE FILLING
l o o m thick layer of hardcore filling

under floor slab, thoroughly
consolidated and blinded with sand. m2
Trim and level surface of hardcore
filling and leave ready to receive
concrete. m2
Trim and batter sloping sides of

hardcore filling exceeding 30
degTees fiom the horizontal. m2
WATERPROOF MEMBRANE
Waterproof membrane to underside

of concrete floor slab including
attached beams, comprising 0 . 2 m
thick coloured polythene film sheet,
lapped 1 5 0 m at joints and sealed
with pressure sensitive tape and
turned up at edges. m2
11.05. EXAMPLE-PIER AND BEAM FOOTINGS

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of excavation for pier
and beam footings.
QUESTION: B.me. the excavation as specified and as shown in Drawing 10.6.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
GROUNDWORKS
EXCAVATION All excavation is to be allowed for in material O.T.R. AD
surplus excavated material is to be spread on site where directed.
All piers to be 6OOmm d i m .
The site has been previously levelled and existing ground level is R.L.
10.000.
Top of footing beams is R.L. 9.900.
Schedule of Pier Depths:
Pier R.L. at bottom of Pier
PI 3.300
P2 3.150
P3 2.780
P4 4.100
P5 3.000
P6 2.340
GROUNDWORKS
EXCAVATION
a Refer to the Groundworks section of
the Specification for details of
excavation. Note
b Refer to the SMM for details
regarding measurement and prices
of excavation. Note
c Allow for establishing the pier
boring equipment on site. Item
Chapter 11 Groundworks 103
Allow for removal of pier boring

equipment from site on completion. Item
Allow for test loading piers. Item
Allow for any trial piers as necessary. Item
Set up the boring rig for 600mm

diam piers. no 6
-6 -6 P1-6
-6
600mm diam. bored pier holes, singularly

excavated in material O.T.R., varying
in depth from 5.90m to 7.66m; include
for the provision and subsequent
extraction of temporary liners, for
spreading surplus excavated material
on site where directed. The commencing
level of excavation taken as existing
ground level R.L. 10.00.
(no 6, m3 1 2 ) m 42
6.70 P1 (10.00-3.30 = 6.70)

6.85 P2 (10.00-3.15 = 6.85)
7.22 P3 (10.00-2.78 = 7.22)
5.90 P4 (10.00-4.10 = 5.90)
7.00 P5 (10.006-3.00 = 7.00)
-7.66 - P6 (10.00-2.34 = 7.69)
41.33m x 0.30 x 0.30 x K = 11.69m
Clean out bottom of 6 0 0 m diam

pier holes. no 6
Test bottom of 600mm diam. pier holes. no 6

-6 -6 P1-6
-6
Trench excavation for footing beams,

in material O.T.R., not exceeding 1.00m
total depth, part backfilled and surplus
spoil spread on site where directed. m3 4
2 16.00 B1-2, B 3 4
0.30
0.60 2.16
2 1 3.50 B5,7
0.30
-0.60 1.26
3.20 B6
0.30
0.60 0.58
-4.00m3
Deductions:
6 10.55 P 1 4 (550mm taken as an average)
0.30
0.60 0.59
0.59m3 (ddt).
~m~
k Working space andor maintaining

sides of trench excavation not
exceeding 1.00m total depth. m2 27
2 I 2 I 6.00 B1-2, 3 4
0.60 14.40
2 I 2 I 3.50 B5,6
0.60 8.40
2 13.20 B7
0.60 3.84
u r n 2
1 Ditto sides of bored pier hole excavations,

varying in depth from 5.90m to 7.66m m2 78
41.33m x 0.60 x n = 77.91m2 (repeat Item h)
MEASUREMENT NOTES-PER AND BEAM FOOTINGS

The SMM states that pier hole bored excavations are to be measured in
accordance with cast in-situ bored concrete piling within Section 5.2, Cast In-
Situ Piling. (Refer SMM, pages 29-30; and M.9, page 17.)
Item j-Trench excavation: Repeat trench lengths and widths from the in-situ
concrete section. Remember that the depth of the trench is usually different
from the depth of the concrete footing beam and a different take-off figure
needs to be calculated. In this case the depth of the trench is 600mm and the
depth of the footing beam is 5 0 0 m Also, since the bored excavation is
carried out before the trench excavation the volume of the pier hole excavation
occurring in the trench needs to be deducted. In this case an average length of
550mm has been estimated as an average length and multiplied by the trench
width and depth for each pier.
CHAPTER 12
METALWORK

Refer to SMM, Section 10, Metalwork, pages 79-85, SMM, Section 18, Windows,
pages 117-118, and SMM, Section 19, Doors, page 119, for the rules governing the
measurement of Metalwork, Windows and Doors. In particular the following basic
requirements should be noted:
1. The rules governing the measurement of some metalwork items are not
contained in SMM, Section 10, Metalwork. For example, metal
framed windows are contained in Section 18, Windows; and metal
door frames and metal framed glazed doors are contained in Section
19, Doors.
2. Glazing to metal framed windows and doors is included in the
description for the windows and doors and is not given separately.
12.02. EXAMPLE-ALUMINIUM SLIDING DOORS AND WINDOWS

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of aluminium sliding
doors and windows.
QUESTION: B.me. the aluminium sliding door and windows as specified and as
shown in Drawings 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
DOORS
ALUMINIUM SLIDING DOOR UNIT Where indicated on Drawings,
supply and install Ajax Type X clear anodised aluminium sliding door unit
inclusive of factory glazing, flashings, fmings, furniture and other trims.
Extent: D l
WIND0WS
ALUMINIUM SLIDING WIND0WS Where indicated on Drawings, supply
and install Ajax Type X clear anodised aluminium sliding windows inclusive
of factory glazing,flashings, jixings, furniture and other trims.
Exlent: W l - 6 incl.
DOORS
Aluminium Sliding Door Unit
a Ajax Type X clear anodised aluminium
sliding door unit inclusive of factory
glazing, flashings, fixings, furniture
and other trims;to suit opening 3600
wide, 2175 high and include for building
into brick cavity wall. no 1
WINDOWS
Aluminium Sliding Windows
b Ajax Type X clear anodised aluminium
sliding windows inclusive of all factory
glazing, flashings, furniture and other
trims: to suit opening 3600 wide, 1800
high, and include for building into brick
cavity wall. no 1
-1 -1 w1
-1
c Ditto 2400 wide, 1800 high. no 1
-1 -1 w5
-1
d Ditto 2400 wide, 1200 high. no 1
-1 -1 w2
-1
e Ditto 1200 wide, 1800 high. no 1
-1 -1 W6
-I
f Ditto 600 wide, 1500 high. no 2
-
2 -2 w3,4
-2
Chapter12 Metalwork 107
12.03. EXAMPLE-ARCH BARS AND ANGLES

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of steel arch bars and
angles.
QUESTION B.me. the steel arch bars and angles as specified and as shown in
Drawings 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
METALWORK
ARCH BARS AND ANGLES Support each llOmm thickness of brickwork
over all openings on galvd steel arch bars and angles of the sizes as specified
below:
Maximum Span Lintel Bearing at each end
mm mm mm
1050 75xlObar 150
1200 76 x 76 x 10 angle 150
2400 127 x 76 x 10 angle 230
3600 152 x 89 x 10 angle 230
METALWORK
Arch Bars and Angles
75 x 10 galvanised steel bar as lintel, built
into brickwork at ends. ( no 7 ) m 8
2 / m 2.40 D2 (900+300= 1200)

3/1.20 3.60 D3,4,5
2/ 0.90 1.80 W3,4 (600 + 300 = 900)
7.80m
76 x 76 x 10 galvanised steel angle ditto.

(no 1 ) m 2
1.50 1.50 W6 (1200 + 300 = 1500)

1.50m
127 x 76 x 10 ditto. ( no 2 ) m 6
-
2.86 2.86 W2 (2400 + 460 = 2860)
2.86 2.86 W5
5.72m
d 1 5 2 x 89 x 10 ditto. ( n o 2 ) m 9
4.06 4.06 W1 (3600 + 460 = 4060)

4.06 4.06 D1 (do.)
8.12m
MEASUREMENT NOTES-ARCH BARS A N D ANGLES
Item a-Arch Bars: Two 75 x 10 steel arch bars are required to D2 since the
opening occurs in a 230mm thick brick wall.
It has been assumed that all window and external door heads are at eaves soffit
level and there is only necessity to support the inner 1lOmm thick skin above
these openings. Each project has its own peculiarities and the elevations and
details should be studied carefully to avoid mistakes being made.
12.04. EXAMPLE-BALUSTRADES
Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of balustrades.
QUESTION: B.me. the balustrades as specified and as shown in Drawing 12.1.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
METALWORK
BALUSTRADES Provide and fir balustrades to Stair 1 as detailed.
Balustrades to be anodised aluminium balustrades as manufactured by
Ajax, Catalogue No. 101, consisting of Series X handrail, bottom rail, posts
and having evenly spaced balusters spaced at 120mm maximum centres.
Posts to be secured to concrete with countersunk head bolts and masonv
anchors as recommended by the manufacturer.
Chapter 12 Metalwork 109
I II II
c
1
STAIR 1 SECTION A
STAIR 1 FIRST FLOOR PLAN

DRAWING 12.1
METALWORK
Balustrades
a Horizontal anodised aluminium balustrade
to Stair 1,900mm high, as manufactured
by Ajax, Catalogue No. 101, comprising
Series X handrail, bottom rail, posts and
balusters spaced evenly between posts at
120mm maximum centres; include for fixing
posts to concrete with countersunk head
bolts and masonry anchors as recommended
by the manufacturer. All to detail. m 2
-
1.30 1.30 top landing
0.40 0.40 top landing return
0.25 0.25 mid landing
1.95m
b Raking balustrade, 900mm high above line

of nosings, ditto. m 5
2.10 2.10 lower flight

0.20 0.20 midlanding
2.10 2.10 upper flight
4.40m
c Form 90 degree bends in foregoing balustrades. no 1
-
1 -1 top landing
-1
d Ramps ditto. no 2
-
2 -2 flights
-
2
e Wreath ditto. no 1
-
1 -1 mid landing
-1
Chapter 12 Metalwork 111
12.05. EXERCISE-HANDRAILS
specification notes, measure and extend the handrails.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
METALWORK
HANDRAIL Provide and fu handrails to Stair 1 as detailed. Handrail to
be Series X anodised aluminium handrail as manufactured by Ajax,
Catalogue No. H1. Secure handrail brackets to brickwork with countersunk
head bolts and masonry anchors as recommended by the manufacturer.
I .:.-.-*.. .-:.-.
..': .a...:
I--/
ri/ '
-1 - /
r-/
STAIR 1 SECTION B
DRAWING 12.2
METALWORK
Handrails
a Horizontal Series X anodised aluminium
handrail to Stair 1, as manufactured
by Ajax, Catalogue No. H1; include for
stop ends and for fixing handrail brackets
to brickwork with countersunk head bolts
and masonry anchors as recommended by
the manufacturer. All to detail. m
b Raking handrail ditto. m
c Form 90 degree bends in foregoing handrails. no
d Ramps ditto. no
12.06. EXAMPLE-METAL DOOR FRAMES

Following is a worked example illustlating the measurement of metal door frames.
QUESTION B m e . the metal door frames as specified for Doors D1-6 incl., given
that the doors are 2040 x 820 x 35 thick single leaf doors.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
DOORS
METAL DOOR FRAMES DOORS D l - 6 incl. shall be Ajax single rebated
prime coated steel door frames. Frames to be supplied complete with a pair
of lOOmm steel butt hinges, latch keep and striking plate. Build frames into
brick walls in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
DOORS
Metal Door Frames
a Ajax single rebated prime coated steel
door frames, to suit 2040 x 820 x 35
thick single leaf doors, complete with
a pair of l O O m m steel butt hinges, latch
keep and striking plate; include for
building into brick walls in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instluctions. no 6
-
6 -6 D1-6
-6
CHAPTER 13
STRUCTURAL STEEL

Refer to SMM, Section 9, Structural Steel, pages 73-78, for the rules governing the
measurement of structural steel. In particular the following basic requirements should
be noted:
1. Generally, structural steel is billed in tomes. The net theoretical mass
is calculated with NO allowance for rolling margin or for welding
materials.
2. All steel sections and plates are measured in multiples of 0.10m in
length when determining the mass of structural steeL (Refer SMM,
M6, page 73.) For example, a column shaft with an exact length of
2341mm would be taken off as 2.40m and multiplied by the mass per
unit length to determine the net theoretical mass. Similarly, a base
plate with plan dimensions of 650mm x 7 3 0 m would be taken off as
0.70m x 0.80m
3. Measurement and prices are deemed to include for black bolts, nuts
and any type of washer. Bolts other than black bolts in connections are
billed in number stating the length in increments of 1 0 0 m Refer
SMM, M20, page 77, for calculation of bolt length.
13.02. STRUCTURAL STEEL MASS DETAILS

Before the measurement of structural steel can be completed it is essential to have
structural steel mass tables. Following are the net theoretical mass details for steel
plate, universal beam sections, universal column sections and angles. Students should
supplement the following information by obtaining a copy of AS 1131-1979
Dimensions of Hot Rolled Structural Steel Sections.
13.02.01 STEEL PLATE
Thickness Mass Thickness Mass

mm kgh2 mm kg/m2
3 23.6 12 94.2
4 31.4 16 126
5 39.3 20 157
6 47.1 25 196
8 62.8 28 220
10 78.5 32 252
13.02.02 UNIVERSAL BEAMS
Designation Mass Depth of Flange Flange Web

per m Section Width Thickness Thichess
kg null mm m null
760UB 244 781 272 31.3 19.3

220 776 270 28.3 17.4
197 770 268 25.4 15.6
173 762 267 21.6 14.3
147 754 265 17.5 12.9
690UB 140 684 254 19.0 12.4

125 678 253 16.2 11.7
610UB 125 612 229 19.6 11.9

113 607 228 17.3 11.2
101 602 228 14.8 10.6
530UB 92.4 533 209 15.6 10.2

82.0 528 209 13.2 9.6
460UB 82.1 460 191 16.0 9.9

74.6 457 190 14.5 9.1
67.1 454 190 12.7 8.5
410UB 59.7 406 178 12.8 7.8

53.7 403 178 10.9 7.6
360 UB 56.7 359 172 13.0 8.0

50.7 356 172 11.5 7.3
44.7 352 171 9.7 6.9
310 UB 46.2 307 166 11.8 6.7

40.4 304 165 10.2 6.1
250UB 37.3 256 146 10.9 6.4

31.4 252 146 8.6 6.1
200UB 29.8 207 134 9.6 6.3

25.4 203 133 7.8 5.8
Chapter 13 Structural Steel 115
13.02.03 UNIVERSAL COLUMNS

Designation Mass Depth of Flange Flange Web
per m Section Width Thickness Thickness
kg m mm mm mm
310 UC 28 3 365 322 44.1 26.9

240 353 318 37.7 23.0
198 340 314 31.4 19.2
158 327 311 25.0 15.7
137 320 309 21.7 13.8
118 3 15 307 18.7 11.9
96.8 308 305 15.4 9.9
250 UC 89.5 260 256 17.3 10.5

72.9 254 254 14.2 8.6
200 uc 59.5 210 205 14.2 9.3

52.2 206 204 12.5 8.0
46.2 203 203 11.0 7.3
150 UC 37.2 162 154 11.5 8.1

30.0 158 153 9.4 6.6
23.4 152 152 6.8 6.1
lo0UC 14.4 97 99 7.0 5.0
13.02.04 UNEQUAL ANGLES
Nominal Size Mass perm Nominal Size Mass per m

mm kg mm kg
152x102~13 24.0 102 x 76 x 10 12.5

152x102~10 18.3 102 x 76 x 8 10.6
102 x 76 x 6.5 8.59
152 x 89 x 16 28.0 76x51~8 7.45

152 x 89 x 13 22.8 76 x 51 x 6.5 5.96
152 x 89 x 10 17.3 76x51 x 5 4.62
152x 89 x 8 14.4
127 x 76 x 13 18.9 64~51x8 6.56

127 x 76 x 10 14.4 64x51 x6.5 5.36
127 x 76 x 8 12.1 64x51~5 4.01
127 x 76 x 6.5 9.87
13.02.05 EQUAL ANGLES

Nominal Size Mass per m Nominal Size Mass per m
m kg mm kg
203 x 203 x 25 76.0 64x64~ 10 8.78

203 x 203 x 22 67.1 64 x 64 x 8 7.45
203 x 203 x 19 57.9 64 x 64 x 6.5 5.96
203 x 203 x 16 48.7 64 x 64 x 5 4.64
203 x 203 x 13 39.6
152 x 152 x 19 42.7 57 x 57 x 8 6.55

152 x 152 x 16 36.1 57 x 57 x 6.5 5.35
152 x 152 x 13 29.1 57 x 57 x 5 4.01
152 x 152 x 10 22.0
127 x 127 x 16 29.7 51 x51 x 8 5.80

127 x 127 x 13 24.0 51 x 51 x 6.5 4.77
127 x 127 x 10 18.3 51 x51 x 5 3.58
127 x 127 x 8 15.5 51 x51 x 3 2.50
102 x 102 x 13 18.9 44 x 44 x 6.5 4.02

102 x 102 x 10 14.4 44X44X5 3.13
102 x 102 x 8 12.1 44X44X3 2.17
102 x 102 x 6.5 9.88
89x89~10 12.5 38 x 38 x 6.5 3.50

89 x 89 x 8 10.6 38 x 38 x 5 2.68
89 x 89 x 6.5 8.49 38 x38 x 3 1.85
76x76~10 10.6 32 x 32 x 6.5 2.83

76 x 76 x 8 8.93 32 x 32 x 5 2.16
76 x 76 x 6.5 7.16 32 x 32 x 3 1.49
76x76~5 5.56
13.02.06 EXAMPLE. In accordance with SMM, b.me. six 460uB74 roof beams
(RBl-6) each having an exact length of 5825mm.
Roof Beams
a 460UB74 beams. (6 15.90 ) t 2.65
615.90 35.40 RB1-6

35.40m
x 74.60kg/m
2640.84kg
13.03. EXAMPLE-COVERED WAY FRAMING
Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of a simple steel framed

covered way.
QUESTION: B.me the sauctural steel as specified and as shown in Drawings 13.1
and 13.2.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Provide and erect all steelwork including galvanised steel purlins as
detailed.
All steelwork, excluding purlins, to be given a shop priming coat of R.O.Z.C.
(red oxide zinc chromate) primer.
Grout up under base plates with cement grout composed of 2 parts sand to I
part cement
5001
1q
I 4000
4
1 4000
1
1 4000
1 1
500
FRAMING PLAN
DRAWING 13.1
COVERED WAY FRAME CF1

(CF2-CF4 SIMILAR)
PLATE
DETAIL A DETAIL B
DRAWING 13.2
~
Chapter 13 Shuctural Steel 119
STRUCTURAL STEEL
a Refer to the Structural Steel section of the

Specifcation for details of structural steel. Note
b Refer to SMM for details regarding

measurement and prices of structural steel. Note
Shop Drawings
C Allow for the preparation of shop drawings. Item
Temporary Bracing
d Allow for the provision of all necessary
temporary bracing and similar items required
for erection. Item
Samples and Tests
e Allow for any samples and tests. Item
Inspection of Welds
f Allow for inspection of welds including
the use of any special techniques. Item
Heaviest and Highest Lift
g The heaviest and highest lift is a 250UB31

beam of 0.19t mass and the height above
ground level is approx. 3.20rn Note
Covered Way Frames

h 150UC23 columns. (8 / 3.20) t 0.60
41213.20 25.60 CF1-4

25.60m
x 23.40kgIm
599.04kg
i Base plates welded to columns. (no 8) t 0.07
12mm plate:
4 / 2 / 0.30
0.30 0.72 CF1-4
0.72m2
x 94.2OkgIm2
67.82kg
j Cap plates ditto. (no 8) t 0.05
12mm plate:
4 1 2 1 0.30
0.20 0.48 CFl4
0.48m2
x 94.20kg/m2
45.22kq
k 250UB31 roof beams. (4 1 5.50) t 0.70
4 1 5.50 22.00 CFl4

22.00m
x 31.40kg/m
690.80kg
1 Attached connections. (no 20) t 0.03
8mm plate:
4 1 5 1 0.10
-0.20 - 0.40 C F l 4 (average ht. = 200mm)
0.40m2
x 62.80kg/m2
25.12kq
m M20 8.81s bolts in connections, 0-1OOmm

long. no 32
4 1 2 1 4 3 Col./Beam
32
-
n M20 8.81s holding down bolts, include

for casting into concrete, 201-3OOmm
long. no 32
4 1 2 1 4 32 CFl4
32
-
0 2 5 m thick cement grout to underside of

column base plates, composed of 2 parts
sand to 1 part cement: include for all
necessary wedging and levelling. (no 8) m2 1
81 0.30
--
0.30 0.72 CF14
0.72m2
Chapta 13 Structural Steel 121
Shop Priming
p One coat red oxide zinc chromate primer

on foregoing covered way columns and
attachments. t 0.72
0.60t Columns, Item h

0.07t Base plates, Item i
-
0.03 Cap plates, Item j
0.72t
q Ditto on foregoing covered way beams

and attachments. t 0.73
-
0.70t Roof Beams, Item k
0.03t At. connect., Item 1
0.73t
Proprietary Purlins
r 150C16 galvd steel roof purlins bolted
to covered way frames spaced at 4.00m
centres; include for bolts. m 65
5 1 13.00 65.00 CF1-4

65.00m
MEASUREMENT NOTES-COVERED WAY FRAMING

The above work is reasonably straightforward and is simply a matter of
complying with the SMM requirements. The only work likely to cause any
concern is the measurement of the bolts. Prices for structural steel include for
the cost of all black bolts, which are also termed "commercial bolts".
Commercial bolts are notated on the drawings as "4.6/S". High strength
structural bolts are notated as "8.8/S or 8.8/TF or 8.8m".
Structural Steel Drawing Conventio-Bolts:
4M20 4.6/S = four 20mm diam. commercial grade bolts (400 MPa
nom tensile strength) tensioned to a snug fit.
6M24 8 ° F = six 24mm d i m high strength structural bolts (friction
type joint, 830 MPa nom tensile strength) fully tensioned to AS 4100.
Refer to the Australian Engineering Handbook, Part 2, Structural Drawing,
1987, for further notes on structural drawing notation.
13.04. EXERCISWTEELWORK
QUESTION: B m e . the structural steelwork as specified and as shown in Drawings
13.3, 13.4 and 13.5.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Provide and erect all steelwork as detailed.
All steelwork is to be given a shop priming coat of R.O.Z.C. (red oxide zinc
chromate) primer.
Grout up under base plates with 25mm thick cement grout composed of 2
parts sand to I part cement.
i
70
\
3
r9
lL
1 *
+0
3800
A
TB
3800
.
3800
4 # #C
FRAMING PLAN
COLUMNS 200UC46
FLOOR BEAMS [FBI 410UB53
ROOF BEAMS [RBI 3 10UB40
TIE BEAMS [TBl 200UJ325
DRAWING 13.3
SIDE ELEVATION
END ELEVATION
DRAWING 13.4
M16-8-8S.Bor
0L K
7 6 x 7 6 sI \
310UB40 ROOF BEAM
4 'ZM 20 - 8-8 3.BOLTS

-
P 2 M 2 0 8 - 6 5 0011s
200U025
2 O O U C 46
SECTION A
DRAWING 13.5
CHAPTER 14
DRAINAGE

Refer to SMM, Section 24, Drainage, pages 145-148, for the rules governing the
measurement of drainage. In particular the following basic requirements should be
noted:
1. Pipework is measured net length along the centre lines of the pipes
over all bends, junctions and similar pipe fittings.
2. Pipework in trenches includes excavation with the trench depth stated
in 1.00m total depth increments.
3. Measurement and prices of drainage are deemed to include for
maintaining faces of drainpipe trenches and pits, backfilling, disposal
of surplus spoil, forming pockets beneath collars, and all jointing and
other incidental materials.
14.02. EXAMPLE 1-INTERPOLATION OF DRAINAGE LEVELS

Prior to measuring any pipework in trenches it is essential to be able to interpolate
drainage levels using the specified pipe gradients and the existing ground levels as
shown on the drawings. Following is a worked example illustrating the determination
of drainage levels.
QUESTION: Given that the specified minimum drainage pipe gradient is 1:60 and
the minimum cover to drainage pipes is 30Omm, determine the invert level at points A
and B as shown in Drawing 14.1.
\ 0'y y
9'
1 85000 #
#
c
Invert level at A:
Existing Ground Level = 10.000
Less min. cover = -300
Less pipe diam = .090
Invert level at A = 9.610
Invert level at B:
Min. fall is 85.00m/ 60 = 1.417m
Using min. fall, invert level at B is 9.610-1.417 = 8.193
[Check cover at B: 9.000-8.1936-0.090 = 0.7 17m, i.e. satisfactory,
since greater than 300mm.1
Therefore, invert level at B is 8.193.
14.03. EXERCISE 1-INTERPOLATION OF DRAINAGE LEVELS
Determine the invert levels at A and B using the same information as Example 1,
except that the distance between A and B is 45.00m
14.04. EXERCISE 2-INTERPOLATION OF DRAINAGE LEVELS
QUESTION: Given that the specified minimum drainage pipe gradient is 1:60 and
the minimum cover to drainage pipes is 300mm, determine the point where the total
depth of the drainage trench exceeds 1.00m deep as shown in Drawing 14.2.
#
I18000 1
1
DRAINACf PLAN
DRAWING 14.2
14.05. EXAMPLE 1 4 T O R M W A T E R DRAINAGE

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of stormwater drainage.
QUESTION: B.me. the stormwater drainage as specified and as shown in Drawing
14.3.
Chapter14 Drainage 127
SPECIFICATION NOTES
DRAINAGE
STORMWATER DRAINAGE All stonnwater drainage is to be cam'ed out
in 1OOmm diameter second qualify vitrified clay drainpipes andfittings with
rubber ring joints. All excavation is to be allowed for in material other than
rock. Backfill drainage trenches with the best of the excavated material and
spread surplus spoil on site where directed.
A 0
-EX I STIrJC CoNCLETE PAVEMENT 0
0
r 1' $ EXISTING K€EB 4 GUTTER 7 tr)
DRAlNAtE PLAN
DRAWING 14.3
DRAINAGE
Stormwater Drainage
a lOOmm diam. second quality V.C. drainpipes,
rubber ring jointed, laid in trenches
not exceeding 1.OOm total depth; include
for excavation in material other than rock,
backfilling with the best of the excavated
material and spreading surplus spoil on site
where directed. m 62
2/J& 2.84
18.00 18.00
19.00 19.00
1.42 1.42
16.00 16.00
-
4.25 -4.25
61.51m
b lOOmm diam. ditto in vertical risers. m 2
4 10.50 2.00 DPs average say 500mm

2.00m
C lOOmm diam. V.C. bends set on back at

downpipe stacks. no 4
d lOOmm diam. V.C. bends. no 3
e lOOmm diam. V.C. junctions. no 3
f lOOmm diam. V.C. inspection branches complete

with plug and clamp. no 2
Chapter 14 Drainage 129
Stormwater Drainage Outside the Site Boundary
g 1 O O m diam. second quality V.C. drainpipes,

not exceeding 1.00m total depth; include
for cutting through concrete pavement and
making good, excavation in material other
than rock, backfilling with the best of
the excavated material and spreading
surplus spoil on site where directed. m 3
-
3.00 -
3.00
3.00m
h Break into existing concrete kerb and

gutter, connect end of l o o m diam V.C.
drainpipe and make good. no 1
MEASUREMENT NOTES-STORMWATER DRAINAGE
Item a-V.c. drainpipes: Examination of the given ground R.L.s and the
specified falls and minimum cover for drainage pipes indicates that no
drainage trenches will exceed 1.00m deep in this case. The net length of
pipework is measured along the centre lines of the pipes over all bends and
junctions.
Item &Vertical pipes: Vertical pipes are given separately. An average depth
of 5 0 0 m has been estimated as the requirement at each downpipe.
Item g-Stormwater drainage outside the site boundary: Work outside the
boundary of the property is given separately. (Refer SMM, M2, page 145.)
Describe work under public footpaths including making good. (Refer SMM,
M3, page 145.)
Item h-Drain connection: Refer SMM, clause 8, page 147.
14.06. EXERCISE 1-DRAINAGE
measure and extend the following Bill of Quantities, Drainage section.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
DRAINAGE
EXCAVATION: Excavate drainage trenches in material other than rock,
backf-ill with sand and spread spoil on site where directed.
SEWER DRAINAGE: All sewer drainage is to be cam'ed out in lOOmm
diameterfirst quality vitrifiid clay pipes andfittings to AS 1741 with rubber
ring joints.
Connect and extend drainage from existing lOOmm d i m . V.C. sewer main
branch to building as detailed with required bends, junctions, gully trap,
risers, etc. All pipes to have a minimum cover of 300mm with a minimum
fall of 1.~50. Provide lOOmm diam. vertical inspection shaft where shown
and fit airtight cast iron cover and frame at ground level and surround with
concrete. Fit cast iron grate to top of lOOmm diam. riser above gully trap
and surround with concrete.
STORMWATER DRAINAGE All stomwater drainage is to be cam'ed out
in 90mm diameter UPVC drainpipes andfittings complying with AS 1254.
Connect from downpipes to absorption trench as detailed with required
bends,junctions, risers, etc. All pipes to have a minimum cover of 300mm
and a minimum f d l of 1:lOO.
Absorption trench to be minimum 600mm wide and filled with a 600mm
minimum deep layer of coarse rubble covered with galvd steel sheeting and
a minimum 300mm deep layer of soiL
Chapter 14 Drainage 131
1
1
20000
d uPvc
1
1 *
-90 ~ .
\ D.P. \ D.P \at?
1
Venf
-
Stnk C.T.
D.r? /D.P /D. F!
90# U m .
- 0 -
0
0
F b o r p f i o n trench
I 8000 I
-I
OI
0
I .s.
9-La,
DRAINACf PLAN
I I
P" n
II I I00 r 7 5 QP.
(TY PI CA L)
FRONT ELEVATION
DRAWING 14.4
-
132 Basic Building Measureme
DRAINAGE
a Refer to the Drainage section of the

Specification for details of drainage. Note
b Refer to the SMM for details regarding

measurement and prices of drainage. Note
C Allow for giving notices, obtaining permits,

paying fees, and obtaining certificates of
satisfactory completion issued by a local
authority or similar, in connection with
the installations. Item
d Allow for testing installations. Item
e Allow for keeping excavations free from

rain and percolating water by pumping
or otherwise. Item
Sewer Drainage
f l o o m diam. first quality V.C. drainpipes,
not exceeding 1.00m total depth; include
for excavation in material other than rock,
backfilling with sand and spreading spoil
on site where directed. m
g l o o m diam. ditto exceeding 1.00m not

exceeding 2.00m total depth. m
h l o o m diam. ditto in vertical risers. m
i lOOmm diam. V.C. stack bends set on back. no
j lOOmm diam. V.C. bends. no
k l O O m m diam. V.C.slope junctions. no
1 lOOmm diam. V.C.square junctions. no

m lOOmm diam. V.C. inspection branches
complete with plug and clamp. no
- Chapter14 Drainage 133
Sewer Drainage cont.
a l o o m diam. V.C. P trap. no
b Cast iron grating fitted to top of

l o o m diam. V.C. riser above gully trap
and surrounded with concrete. no
C Airtight cast iron cover and kame fitted

to top of lOOmm diam. V.C.inspection shaft
and surrounded with concrete. no
d Excavate approx. 1.30m deep, locate

existing lOOmm diam. V.C. sewer main
branch and connect new lOOmm diam. V.C.
service. no
Stormwater Drainage
e 90mm diam. UPVC drainpipes, laid in
trenches not exceeding 1.00m total
depth; include for excavation in
material other than rock, backfilling
with sand and spreading spoil on site
where directed. m
f 90mm d i m . ditto in vertical risers. m
g 90mm diam. UPVC bends set on back at

downpipe stacks. no
h 90mm diam. UPVC bends. no
i 90mm diam. UPVC junctions. no
j 90 diarn x 100 x 75mm UPVC downpipe

adaptors. no
k Absorption trench, 600mm min. wide, not

exceeding 1.OOm total depth comprising
600mm min. layer of coarse rubble covered
with galvd steel sheeting and 300mm min.
deep layer of SOL m
CHAPTER 15
HYDRAULICS
Refer to SMM, Section 23, Hydraulics, pages 139-143, for the rules governing the
measurement of hydraulic services. In particular the following basic requirements
should be noted:
1. "Measurement and prices deemed to include for: sockets, running

joints, connectors, back nuts, nipples, connections, incidental fittings,
clips, saddles, brackets, straps, hangers, screws, nails, explosive and
low velocity tool fasteners and other metal fastening anchors and/or
systems and fixings complete including cutting and forming holes,
supplying and building in sleeves (other than fire rated)."
2. Pipework is measured "the net length along the centre lines of pipes
over all bends, junctions, tees and similar fittings. Make no distinction
as to the use to which the piping is put or whether piping is in main
stacks or branches."
State the "nominal diameter of pipes, class or table of pipe and method
of jointing."
For pipework less than 32mm nominal diameter include in the
description of the pipework for "all expansion fittings, bends,
junctions, inspection openings, reducers, and similar fittings other than
glass fittings."
Describe and measure separately fittings to pipework equal to or
greater than 32mm nominal diameter.
15.02. EXERCISE-HYDRAULICS
specification notes, measure and extend the following Bill of Quantities' Hydraulics
section.
Chapter 15 Hydraulics 135
SPECIFICATION NOTES
HYDRAULICS
GENERALLY
Carry out all work in strict accordance with the rules and regulations of the
Supply Authority and other authorities having jurisdiction over the works.
Ascertain from the supply authority before tendering, the position type and
size of water main and allow f o r all charges and fees f o r connecting water
service to main.
Make application to authorities f o r permits to cany out the work and pay all
fees and charges in respect of work involved. On completion obtain
"Certificate of Compliance" indicafing satisfactory completion of services
and submit to the supervising architect.
MATERIALS
Copper tubes shall be solid drawn copper tubes to AS 1432 and of the
following types:
Water Service: Type B hard drawn copper tube.
Fittings to AS 1585: Approved capillary fittings manufactured from
drawn copper tube, tested and stamped by the Supply Authority.
UPVC for waste, soil and vent pipes and fittings to A S 1415, of manufacture
approved by Supply and Local Authorities.
WATER SERVICE RETICULATION
Connect service from mains to meter in accordance with Supply Authority's

requirements. Include f o r all labour, materials, fees and charges. Supply
andlor install a water meter and meter cock to Supply Authority's
requirements.
Extend water service underground from meter to standpipes and fixtures
using copper tube of the sizes indicated on the drawings.
Run water service underground in accordance with AS 3500. BackJill and
consolidate trenches after inspection and approval.
Where possible, pipework serving taps and futures shall be concealed in
saw cut chases in masonry walls. Copper tubing exposed to view inside the
buildings shall be c.p. and installed in a workmanlike manner. Do not run
pipework in cavities.
All copper tubing to be jointed with approved capillaryfittings.

Thermal insulate all copper tubing where embedded in concrete and
masonry walls with approved plastic coating.
On completion of cold and hot water service cany out hydrostatic pressure
test as required by the Supply Authority.
HOT WATER HEATERS
Allow the P.C. sum of two thousand four hundred dollars ( $2,400.00 ) for
the supply and delivery only of four wall mounted model hot water heaters
complete with all necessary valves, thermostats, cut-outs, etc.
Install hot water heaters and hot water service in accordance with the
manufacturer's printed recommendations, the provisions of AS 1529 and as
specified hereunder. Provide hot water heater to each unit where indicated
Thermal insulate all copper tubing where embedded in concrete and
masonry walls with approved plastic coating.
Support each heater on approved wall brackets, 25mm thick fibre cement
base and tray. Connect 15mm copper drainpipe to combined
temperaturelpressure relief valve, conceal in wall and discharge into copper
tundish built into kerb. Extend 25mm copper drain line from tundish under
floor and connect to UPVCfloor waste.
TAPS AND OUTLETS
Terminate hot and cold water services with Ajax high pressure tested c.p.
brass fittings complete with c.p. brass handles, covers and wall domes.
Provide taps, etc. asfollows all withfibre washers.
Laundry Tub. 15mm x 200mm long swivel outlet complete with
breeching piece and a pair of hot and cold recess taps.
Washing Machine. 15mm hot and cold washing machine taps
having threaded spouts to suit hose connection to washing machine.
Shower. 15mm hot and cold recess taps complete with breeching
piece, c.p. brass shower arm, cover plate, and 75mm c.p. brass ball
jointed shower rose.
Hand Basin. 15mm hot and cold pillar taps.
W.C. Suite. 15mm cistern stop.
Kitchen Sink. 15mm x 200mm swivel outlet complete with mixing
piece and a pair of hot and cold recess taps; all mounted on sink.
Water Heater. 15mm control tap and check valve.
Full Way Cocks. At entry point to each unit provide 20mm c.p.
recessed full way cock as detailed.
Standpipe. 20mm hose cock.
SANITARY FIXTURES
Where indicated on Drawings, supply and install the following sanitary

fmtures and connect to services:
S.S. Sink and Drainer Unit. Ajax 1500mm long single centre bowl
stainless steel sink and drainer unit complete with c.p. brass sink
waste and stopper.
Hand Basin. Ajax 500 x 400mm white vitreous china hand basin
complete with stainless steel flange, nylon tail piece, rubber washer,
plug and necessary fixing brackets.
W.C. Suite. Ajax white vitreous china pedestal pan and cistern
complete with plastic offsetflush pipe and necessary fittings. Where
vent pipes are detailed provide pedestal pans with vent horns to suit
connection of 50mm vents as detailed.
Toilet Seat. Ajax white plastic toilet seat and cover with c.p. hinges
and rubber buffers.
Laundry Tub. Ajax stainless steel single compartment 45L laundry
tub and cabinet with single by-pass.
SANITARY PLUMBING
Provide and install approved UPVC pipes and fittings as required and as
detailed on the drawings. All work to be in accordance with the
requirements of the controlling authority.
All joints to be solvent welded.
All traps to have minimum 75mm deep water seal.
Floor wastes to be 80 x 50mm floor waste gully "S" trap complete with c.p.
screw-in grate.
Where vent pipe passes through roof, provide UPVC stock pattern apron
flashing set over upturned roof collar flashing (specifwd in Roofer) and
solvent weld to vent pipe. Solvent weld UPVC stock pattern vent cowl to top
of vent pipe.
DRAWING 15.1
ChaptK 15 Hydraulics 139
1 2100 1[ 1~ IIO 1900 1

1
PLAN
LLEVATION I ELEVATION 2
ELEVATIOM 3
DRAWING 15.2
-
140 Basic Building Measurema -
HYDRAULICS
a Refer to the SMM for details regarding

measurement and prices of hydraulics Note
b Refer to the Hydraulics section of the

Specification for particulars of sanitary
plumbing, cold water and hot water. Note
C Allow for giving notices, obtaining

permits, paying fees, obtaining
Certificate of Compliance and similar,
in connection with the installations. Item
e Allow for sterilising of installations as

necessary. Item
Cold Water Service Outside the Site

Boundary
f Excavate and locate existing water main
and make 25mm main tapping to suit
connection of 32mm copper water service;
include for all necessary fittings. no
T w e B hard drawn covper piping to AS 1432:
g 32mm piping laid in trenches not

exceeding 1.00m total depth: include
for all necessary excavation and backfill
and for making good disturbed surfaces. m
Cold Water Service

h 25mm diam. water meter and meter cock
installed complete and complying with
the Supply Authority’s requirements. no
T w e B hard drawn comer viuing to AS 1432:

1 32mm piping. m
j 32mm piping laid in trenches not

exceeding 1.00m total depth; include
for all necessary excavation and backfill. m
Avuroved covper fittings to AS 1585:

k 32mm bend. no
1 32 x 32 x 20mm tee. no
m 32 x 25 x 20- tee. no
Chapter 15 Hydraulics
Type B hard drawn comer piDinp to AS 1432

including aDDrOVed copDer fittings to AS 1585:
a 25mm piping laid in trenches not
exceeding 1.OOm total depth; include
for all necessary excavation and backfill. m
b 20mm ditto. m
C 20mm piping built into concrete. m
d 20mm ditto chased into brick walls. rn

e 15mm ditto. m
f 20mm piping fixed to brick walls. rn
g 15mm c.p. piping. rn
h 20mm ditto. rn
i 15mm piping m
j Connect 20mm piping to hot water unit. no

k Approved plastic thermal insulation
coating to 20 and 15mm piping embedded
in concrete and masonry walls. rn
Hot Water Service

T w e B hard drawn comer Diuing to AS 1432
including amroved copDer fittings to AS 1585
1 20mm piping chased into brick walls. rn
rn 15mm ditto. m
n 15mm c.p. piping. m
0 20mm ditto. rn
P 15mm piping. rn
9 Connect 20mm piping to hot water unit. no

r Approved plastic thermal insulation
in masonry walls. m
-
142 Basic Building Measuremen
Hot Water Heaters

a Allow the P.C. Sum of Two Thousand Four
Hundred Dollars ($2,400.00) for the supply
and delivery only of four wall mounted model
hot water heaters complete with all necessary
valves, thermostats, cut-outs, etc. Item
b Take delivery and install hot water heaters

and include for mounting on approved wall
brackets fixed to brick walls and having 25mm
thick fibre cement base and tray; all in
accordance with the manufacturer's printed
recommendations. no
T w e B hard drawn copper piping to AS 1432

including approved copper fittings to AS 1585:
C 15mm c.p. piping. m
d 15mm piping chased into brick walls. m
e 25mm piping embedded in concrete. m
f 25mm ditto to underside of concrete

floor slab. m
g Connect 15mm c.p. piping to combined

temperature/pressure relief valve. no
h Copper tundish fixed to 25mm drainpipe

and built into concrete kerb. no
1 Connect 25mm piping to UPVC floor waste. no
j Approved plastic thermal insulation

in concrete and ~ ~ S O Nwalls.
Y m
Taps and Outlets

Aiax high pressure tested C.D. brass fittings
comulete with c.p. brass handles. covers and
wall domes. fibre washers and include for
k 15mm control tap and check valve to suit

hot water heaters. no
1 20mm recessed hll way cock. no
m 15mm cistern stop. no
n 15mm pillar tap marked "cold". no

I
0 15mm ditto "hot". no

L
- Chapter 15 Hydraulics - 143
a 1 5 m m washing machine tap with threaded

spout, marked "cold". no
b 15mm ditto "hot". no
C Laundry set comprising 15mm x 200mm long

swivel outlet complete with breeching piece
and a pair of hot and cold recessed taps. no
d Shower set comprising 15mm hot and cold

recessed taps complete with breeching piece,
c.p. brass shower arm, cover plate and 75mm
c.p. brass ball jointed shower rose. no
e Kitchen set comprising 15mm x 200mm

swivel outlet complete with mixing piece
and a pair of hot and cold recess taps
to suit mounting on sink. no
f 20mm hose cock. no
Sanitary Fixtures
g Ajax 1500mm long single centre bowl

stainless steel sink and drainer unit complete
with c.p. brass sink waste and stopper;
include for fixing to bench unit. no
h Ajax 500 x 400mm white vitreous china

hand basin complete with stainless steel
flange, nylon tail piece, rubber washer, plug
and necessary fixing brackets; include for
fixing to brick wall. no
i Ajax white vitreous china W.C.suite

comprising pedestal pan and cistern complete
with plastic offset flush pipe and necessary
fittings; include for fixing in place and for
connecting to waste and water supply. no
j Ditto but in addition having vent horn

to pedestal pan. no
k Ajax white plastic toilet seat and cover with

c.p. hinges and rubber buffers; secured to
W.C. pan. no
1 Ajax stainless steel single compartment 45L

laundry tub and cabinet with single by-pass;
include for fixing in place and for connecting
to waste and water supply. no
-
144 Basic Building Measuremen
Sanitary Plumbing
UPVC pipes and fittings solvent
welded at ioints in:
a 50mm vent stacks secured to brickwork
inside duct. m
b 50mm stacks in roof space and above
roof and branches. m
C 50mm bends. ll0
d Pipe sleeve and flange at junction of

50mm vent pipe and duct cover. no
e Stock pattern vent cowl fitted to top of

50mm vent pipe. no
f Stock pattern apron flashing to 50mm vent
pipe where passing through roof, set over
upturned collar flashing. (Collar flashing
measured in Roofer.) no
g 50mm waste piping in vertical pipes not

exceeding 1.00m long connecting traps to
drainage. no
h 32mm ditto. no
i Connect end of 50mm pipes to V.C.drain. no
j Ditto 3 2 m . no
k 50mm "S" traps complete with inspection

plug and adaptors. no
1 32mm ditto. no
m 80 x 5 0 m floor waste gully "S" traps
complete with screw-in grate; include for
building into concrete floor slab and
connecting to V.C. drainage. no
CHAPTER 16
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

Refer to SMM, Section 25, Electrical installations, pages 149-155, for the rules
governing the measurement of electrical installations. The following basic
requirements should be noted.
1. Conduits and cables used for consumer mains and sub-mains are described and
billed separately in metres.
2. Conduits and cabling used in circuits and subcircuits are included in the
description for the circuit or subcircuit and each circuit or subcircuit billed
by number.
16.02. EXERCISE-ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

QUESTION: In accordance with Drawings 16.1-16.4 and the following
specification notes, measure and extend the following Bill of Quantities’ Electrical
Installations section.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
GENERALLY
Extent: Provide an electrical service installation, including consumer mains,
switchboard(s), consumer distribution board(s), wiring and equipment (accessories,
appliances, and luminaries) connecting the Supply Authority’s service to each point
of use including the connection of permanently connected equipment
Standards: To AS 3000 and to the requirements of the Supply and regulQtory
authorities.
InstaUation to AS 3000 and AS 3006.
Work-as-executed drawings: At practical completion submit work-as-executed
drawings.
QUALITY AND WORK PRACTICES

Testing: Test all installations prior to the start of the Defects Liability Period.
Commissioning: Onfinishing clean f a c e p h s , luminaries reflectors and diffusers,
and the like, replace faulty h p s , reinsfate ground surjhces and finishes disturbed
by trenching, and hand over the completed insfallation in working order.
Balancing of load: Balance the load as evenly as possible over all phases.
UNDERGROUND SERVICES
General: To be in accordance with AS 3000 with PVC marker tape over all lengths
of underground conduit and provide 600mm minimum cover to underground
conduits.
Underground conduits to be 40mm HDUPVC conduit.
MATERIALS
TPI and TPS cables: To AS 3147 and AS 3008.1: 0.6111 kV range, 75°C
temperature rated cable delivered to site in the original packages.
Conductors: Provide str9nded copper conductors throughout a minimum of 1.5mm2
for lighting and 2.5mm for power sub-circuits. Take into account voltage drop
when determiningfinal size.
Conduit: Rigid or flexible non-metallic conduit to AS 3000:
Minimum size 20mm generally, 25mm in floor slabs
Conceal all conduits chased into masonry walls or cast into concrete.
Heavy duty type rigid non-metallic conduits and fittings to AS 2053.
Consumer mains conduit to be 30mm HDUPVC conduit
ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION
General: Supply electricity underground to each unit.
Point of Attachment: as required by the Supply Authority.
Switchboards and Metering: Provide a recessed, weatherproof, galvanised painted
steel meter cupboard enclosing all switchboard and metering equipment as required
by the Supply Authority.
Consumer Distribution Boards: Email LC86FD recessed moulded PVC enclosures
with window hinged cover mounted on walls in positions directed
Residual current device (safety switches): To AS 3190.
WIRING INSTALLATION
General : To AS 3000.
Cable routes: Routes shown on drawings are diagrammatic only. Determine the
final route of run to the approval of the Supply Authority.
ACCESSORIES
General: Install flush-mounted accessories, in wall boxes in masonry walls, located
as specified andlor as shown on the drawings.
Switches: Install 900mm abovefloor.
General Purpose Outlets: To AS 3112, install at 600mm above floor level
generally, 1500mm in laundrylbathroom, 1050mm in kitchen.
Chapter 16 Electrical installations 147
LIGHT FITTINGS
General: Provide in locations shown on the drawings complete with lamps, control
gear and d;ffusers.
Batten holders / lamp holders: Bayonet “electric white” heat-resistant type with
body which cannot be extracted withoutfirst removing the base securing screws.
External bollard lights: Pierlite Cat No. BOL 50 MV with 50 W mercury vapour
lamp.
External wall mounted lights: GEC Mediterranean R2 with 50 W MEFU lamp.
External post top mounted light: Associated Lighting SX2731 complete with post
standard and 80 W MBFU lamp.
Main Switchboard light: Philips FL.201 weatherproof vandal resistant fluorescent
light
Kitchen lights: 1 x 18W HPF enclosedfluorescent light with TLD 18W/33 lamp.
External wall lights to all units: Philips L1025 surface mounted weatherproof light
SMOKE DETECTORS
General: Provide one smoke detector to each unit as shown.
Installation: To AS 3000 and connect to any continuous 240V Ac 50 Hz electrical
circuit not protected by an RCD.
APPLIANCES
Fixtures and Fittings: Provide approved jbiures and fittings in the locations (IS
shown on the drawings and/or as specified below:
Power Outlets Lighting Power Points

Living Room I 3 x double 1OA GPO
Kitchen 1 1 x double 1OA GPO cfiidgd’eezer
I OA marked unprotected)
1 x double I OA GPO (above bench)
Bedroom I I x double 1OA GPO
Bathroom /Laundry 1 1 x single lOA GPO (adjacent to
basin)
1 x double IOA GPO (nexl to
washing machine)
Appliances Extent
Cooking ranges 1 per kitchen
Water heaters Hvdraulic Services
Cooking range: Email I? C D. 506FB elevated range.

Water heater: 125L off-peak mains pressure water heater suitable for outdoor
installation as specified in Hydraulic Services.
- SUPPLY AUTHOKITY POWER POLf
AEQIAL SUPPLY (BY lUPFLY WTHOeITY]
/ POlUT OF ATTAUiMfF1T
4 ,x 25mmz (CU) PVC/PVC IF1 CONDUIT

-CONSUMER MAlUS
1
7-
-t--1 MAIN -SWITCHBOALD
6 MnlN I
SWITCH
I
LANDLORD'S
SEKVlCf S
METELlrlG LINKS
1 TENANTS'
JERVI CL 5
LEPEAT FOR
I
~UCLUSIVE
DOMESTIC
TARIFF TA El FF
32A p' I
1
,,
i
u41hl AREA
SWITCH BoU I10 LIGHTS
MAIN
SWITCHBOARD
- - i
CUPBOARD CUPBOARD
LIGHT G.P.O.
DRAWING 16.1
Chapter 16 Electrical Installations 149
+
EXISTING SUPPLY
AUTHORIN mWfZ WLf
.. - . . -.. --
29.00 ..
c
I
I PARK1NC
I -CONSUMR MINS
LOCATED WUHIN
I ROOF SPACE.
i
0:
31
I
I
i
-I
I
-I
DRAWING 16.2
BEDROOM
DRAWING 16.3
Chaptes 16 Elecmcal Installations 151
Symbol I Description ! Symbol Description
Supply authority Busbar or cable

0 power pole Number of strokes
denotes the number of
I I phases
I
Point of attachment Circuit breaker
Supply authority Circuit breaker with

aerial supply integral ELCB
1
I
Consumer mains
I
I& Q
I
unit (safety switch)
Supply authority off-

peak switching relay
I I I
I Route of underground I
-.-.-.- conduits and clbling Photo electric daylight
between MSB and switch
distribution boards GEC 2320A
Supply author it y
kilowatt hour meter
I 1
Distribution Board Post top mounted light
w Supply Authority
Service fuses
Bollard light
2 Switch Wall mounted light with

SOW MV lamp.
Incandescent batten
holder
-single
Fluorescent light
Selector switch
Clipsal PS35COA m
Smoke detector Unit wall mounted light
DRAWING 16.4
-
a Refer to the Specifcation for particulars of

electrical services. Note
b Allow for complying with relevant Acts,

by-laws and regulations. Item
C Allow for giving notices, obtaining permits

and completion certificates, and paying fees
and charges in connection with the installations. Item
e Allow for providing samples. Item
f Allow for providing work-as-executed drawings

as specified. Item
Mains Connection
g Allow for contacting the supply authority to

arrange overhead supply h o m existing power
pole to point of attachment, and allow for all
costs and charges. Item
Consumer Mains Between Point of

Attachment and Main Switchboard
h 4 x 25mm2 (Cu) PVC / PVC cable in conduit

(measured separately) h o m point of attachment
to main switchboard, mainly located within
roof space. m
1 30mm HDUPVC conduits including fittings

fixed to building faces. m
j Terminate consumer mains and connect to

main switchboard. no
k Ditto point of attachment located on timber

barge board. no
-
153
- Chapter 16 Elecmcal Installations
Main Switchboard
a Main switchboard all as detailed installed

inside the electrical meter cupboard and
having the following components:
No.1 x 80 amp main switch

No.28 single phase busbars
No.13 service fuses
No. 13 meter bases
No.6 bases for off-peak switching relay
No.6 - 50 amp circuit breakers
No.1 spare circuit breaker position
No. 1 photo electric daylight switch
No. 1 selector switch
And all necessary auxilkry equipment

required by the supply authority. no
b Allow for arranging with the supply

authority to install the meters and
off-peak switching relays. Item
Sub-Mains Between Main Switchboard

and Units
C 2 x 4mm2 (Cu) TPI cables drawn into

underground conduits (measured separately). m
d 2 x l o r n 2 (Cu) TPI cables ditto. m
e 40mm HDUPVC conduits laid in trenches;

include for all necessary fittings, excavation,
PVC marker tape and backfill. m
f Terminate foregoing underground sub-mains

and connect to Main Switchboard by turning
up conduit and cables through concrete floor
slab inside Main Switchboard enclosure. no
g Ditto at unit distribution boards located inside

each unit. no
Sub-Circuits
Area lighting underground sub-circuit fiom

main switchboard to no. 7 external light fittings
comprising cabling sized to retain voltage drop
within permissible limits; include for 25mm
HDUPVC conduit, connections and fittings,
excavation, PVC marker tape and backfill. no
Sub-circuit from main switchboard to GPO

inside main switchboard cupboard; include
for conduits, connections and fittings. no
Sub-circuit from main switchboard to No. 1

main switchboard cupboard light. no
External Light Fittings
Pierlite Cat. No. BOL 50 MV bollard light,

with 50W mercury vapour lamp. no
GEC Mediterranean R2 wall mounted

light, complete with SOW MBFU lamp;
include for fixing to brickwork approx.
2.40m above ground level. no
Associated Lighting SX2731 post top

mounted light complete with pipe standard
and 80W MBFU lamp; installed cgmplete. no
Main Switchboard Light Fitting
Philips VL201 weatherproof vandal resistant

fluorescent light, fixed to brickwork inside
main switchboard cupboard. no
Unit Distribution Boards
Email LC86FD recessed type unit

distribution board complete with hinged door,
fixed into brick walls and having:
1 x 32 amp circuit breaker for stove circuit

1 x 20 amp ditto hot water unit circuit
1 x 20 amp ditto power circuit.
2 x 20 amp circuit breakers with residual
current device not exceeding 30mA.
1 x 16 amp circuit breaker for lighting circuit. no
- Chapter 16 Electrical Installation __I
155
Unit Sub-circuits
Subcircuits including brick chasing. conduits,

cables, cable terminators. wall boxes. iunction
boxes. connections and earthing:
a Subcircuit from unit distribution board to

four double GPOs. no
b Ditto two double GPOs, one single GPO,

and one door bell with single switch. no
C Ditto one double GPO. 1

10
d Ditto hot water heater including flexible

connection. no
e Ditto stove including flexible connection. no
f Ditto four internal light fittings, two external

light fittings, five single switches, one two-
way switch and one smoke detector. no
Switches
g Single gang light switches with one-way switch

built into brickwork in locations as shown on
the drawings. no
h Double gang light switches with one two-way

switch and one one-way switch ditto. no
i Triple gang light switches with two one-way

switches and one two-way switch ditto. no
General Purpose Outlets
j Double outlet GPO built into brick walls in

positions directed. no
k Single ditto. no
Light Fittings
1 White heat resistant incandescent batten lamp

holder fEed to timber framed plasterboard ceilings no
m 1 x l8W HPF enclosed fluorescent light

fitting with TLD 18W/33 lamp. no
156
- Basic Building Measurement
Light Fittings cont.
a Philips L1025 surface mounted weatherproof

light fitting fixed to brick wall. no
Lamps
b 60W, 240v pearl bayonet fitting lamps

fured in position. no
C lOOW ditto. no
Water Heaters
d Make permanent connection of electricity

supply to water heater. no
e Water heaters have been measured in

Hydraulic Services. Note
Cooking Range
f Email P.C.D. 506FB elevated electric range

as specified, secured to concrete slab with
approved clips and bolt fastenings and make
connection to electricity supply. no
Smoke Detectors
g Approved smoke detectors, fixed to timber framed

plasterboard ceiling lining in position directed. no
-
CHAPTER 17
GLAZING AND PAINTING
17.01. SMM REQUIREMENTS-GLAZING

Refer to SMM, Section 12, Glazing, pages 97-99, for the rules governing the
measurement of glazing. In particular the following point should be noted:
1. Section 12, Glazing encompasses the measurement of glass and

glazing not covered in Sections 15. Partitions, 18. Windows and 19.
Doors. Typically, for most building projects, the majority of glass and
glazing is contained in windows and doors. Consequently, the Glazing
section of the Bill of Quantities is usually only a minor section
involving the measurement of leadlights, glazing bars, louvre blades,
mirrors, etc.
17.02. EXAMPLE 14LAZING-MIRRORS

Following is a worked example illustrating the measurement of mirrors.
QUESTION: B.me. the mirrors as specified.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
GLAZING
MIRRORS to be 600 x 600 x 6mm thick clear float glass, of silvering
quality, backed with a reflective surface layer and protective coafing and
having clear anodised proprietary aluminium frame all around, mitred at
comers. Fix two mirrors to timber framed wall in bathroom in positions
indicated
GLAZING
Mirrors
a 600 x 600 mirrors, comprising 6mm thick
clear float glass of silvering quality,
backed with a reflective surface layer and
protective coating and having clear anodised
proprietary aluminium frame all around, mitred
at comers: include for fixing to timber framed
wall in position indicated. no 2
-
2 -2 Bathroom
158 ' Basic Building Measurement
17.03. SMM REQUIREMENTS-PAINTING
Refer to SMM, Section 21, Painting, pages 133-136, for the rules governing the
measurement of painting. In particular the following basic requirements should be
noted:
1. Preparatory work, priming or sealing coats, undercoats and finishing

coats and the nature of the base to which the work is carried out is
included in the one description. (Refer SMM, M3, page 133.)
2. External and internal work are given separately. (Refer SMM, M5,
page 133.)
3. Painting to surfaces equal to or less than 250mm wide or girth of a
different specification from the surrounding work is billed separately
in metres. (Refer SMM, M8, page 133.)
17.04. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE-PAINTING
The Painting section is usually the last trade section in the Bill of Quantities to be
completed. The recommended measurement technique is, firstly, to cany out the
billing process working from the Specification and lining off each clause after the
billing is completed. When all the descriptions have been completed, the next task is
to "paint" the project by working directly from the draft copy of each trade section.
Starting with the Preliminaries and systematically working through each description
in each section of the Bill of Quantities the measurement process can be completed.
Naturally, many of the quantities can be repeated and no further measurement is
required from the drawings.
This method ensures that all work included in the Bill of Quantities will be considered
for painting and does not solely rely on the accuracy of the Painting specification.
Often queries will arise concerning the painting and the Architect should be consulted
if there is any doubt concerning the nature and extent of the painting work. Painting
to some elements can often be overlooked by the Specification writer, such as paint
on fair face brickwork, off-form concrete, service pipework and ducting, temporary
works. etc.
Since many of the quantities are repeated from the previous measurements it is
important to carry out bulk checks to detect obvious mistakes and avoid compounding
errors. This is a good opportunity to exercise quality control and take a second look
at your previous work. Ask yourself if the quantity seems realistic and c m y out a
bulk check if in doubt.
17.05. EXAMPLE 1-PAINTING

Following is a worked example illustiating the measurement of selected painting
classifications.
QUESTION: B.me. the painting as specifkd and as shown in the relevant drawings.
Chapter 17 Glazing and Painting 159
SPECIFICATION NOTES
PAINTING
Paints shall be proprietary brand paints approved by the Commonwealth
Paint Committee and shall comply with the relevant Australian Standard
Codes.
STRUCTURAL. STEELWORK
Application: Touch up priming coat
One coat undercoat
Two coats gloss enamel
Extent: Covered way frames as detailed in Drawings 13.1
and 13.2. Galvd steel purlins to be left unpainted.
PLASTERBOARD
Application: One coat wallboard sealer
Two coats low gloss acrylic
Extent: Plasterboard ceiling lining and cornice as detailed
in Drawing 6.1
CEMENT RENDER
Application: One coat sealer
Two coats semi-gloss acrylic
Extent: Cement rendered walls including rendered reveals
as detailed in Drawing 6.1
WOODWORK
Application: One coat pink primer
Two coats gloss acrylic
Extent: Internal doors, frames and t r i m s as detailed in
Drawing 5.1
Skirtings as detailed in Drawing 6.1
Application: One coat timber toned acrylic on all surfaces prior

to frring
Two coats timber toned acrylic after frring
Extent: Fascias and barge boards as detailed in Drawing
8.6
PAINTING
Preambles omitted
EXTERNAL WORK
Structural Steelwork
a Thoroughly degrease, touch up priming coat,
one coat undercoat and two coats gloss
enamel on covered way frames. m2 50
25.60 Columns repeat length, Item h, page 119

0.92 23.55 (girth6x 152)
0.72 Base plates repeat area, Item i, page 119
1.00 0.72
0.48 Cap plates repeat area, Item j, page 120
1.00 0.48
22.00 Roof beams repeat length, Item k,page 120
- 1.09 23.98 (girth 2 x 252 + 4 x 146)
2 / 0.40 Attached connections, Item 1, page 120
- 1.00 -0.80
49.53 m2
Woodwork
b Properly prepare, one coat timber toned
acrylic on dressed timber fascias prior
to fixing. m2 14
27.00 Fascias repeat length, Item a, page 61

-0.50 -
13.50 (girth 21200 + 2/38 + 2/10 = 496)
13.50 m2
c Ditto barges and gable infills. m2 5
8.00 Barges repeat length, Item b, page 61

-0.50 4.00 (girth 21200 + 2/38 + 2/10 = 496)
2 / 2 / 0.5 10.45 Gable infills
-0.20 -0.18
-
4.18 m2
d Properly prepare, and two coats timber
toned acrylic on pre-painted dressed
timber fascias, 0-25Om girth. m 27
- -
27.00 27.00 Fascias repeat length, Item a, page 61
27.00m (girth 125 + 38 + 10 = 173)
e Ditto on pre-painted dressed timber

barges and gable infds, 0-25Omm
girth. m 9
8.00 8-00 Barges repeat length, Item b, page 61

(girth 200 + 38 + 10 = 248)
2 10.45 0.90 Gable infills
8.90m
INTERNAL WORK
Plasterboard
f Properly prepare, one coat wallboard sealer,
and two coats low gloss acrylic on
plasterboard ceiling lining and cornice. m2 53
46.00 Ceiling repeat area, Item a, page 32

1.00 46.00
40.00 Cornice repeat length, Item b, page 32
-0.16 -6.40 (girth 160mm)
52.40 m2
Cement Render
g Properly prepare, one coat sealer, and two

coats semi-gloss acrylic on cement rendered
walls. m2 86
82.00 Cement render to w d s

1.00 82.00 (Repeat area, Item c, page 34)
4.00 Ditto
1.OO 4.00 (Repeat area, Item d, page 34)
86.00 m2
Woodwork
h Properly prepare, one coat pink primer, and
two coats gloss acrylic on timber doors. m2 25
5 J 2 J 0.86 Int. doors ( 820 + 35 = 855)

-2.08 17.89 (Item a, page 24) (2040 + 35 = 2075)
2 J 2 J 0.81 Ditto (770 + 35 = 805)
-2.08 -6.74 (Item b, page 24)
24.63 m2
i Ditto on timber door frames and architraves. m2 12
5 / 5.10 D1-5
0.33 8.42
2 / 5.05 D6,7
-0.33 -3.33
11.75m2
j Ditto timber skirting, 0-25Omm girth. m 37
- -
37.00 37.00 Repeat length, Item d, page 3 1
37.00m
MEASUREMENT NOTES-PATNTING
Item a-Smctural Steelwork: Unlike the shop priming coat previously

measured in the Structural Steel section (Refer items p and q, pa e 121) and
billed in tonnes, the site painting to the steelwork is billed in m
! The area
measured is the exposed surface area. This area is obtained by repeating the
lengths of the various structural members and multiplying by the appropriate
section girth.
I t e m be-Woodwork The priming coat applied prior to h i n g is given
separately to the finishing coats applied after h i n g . Note that the priming
coat is billed in m2 since the girth exceeds 250mm, whereas the finishing
coats, applied to the exposed surface area, are billed in m, since they are less
than 250mm girth.
I t e m f and g-Plasterboard/Cement render: A simple case of repeating the
appropriate areas and lengths from the Finishes section.
Item h-Doors: The exposed area of each type and size of door is calculated,
(allowing for paint to all edges and both faces), and multiplied by the number
of doors. The appropriate number is repeated from the Woodwork section.
Item &Timber Door Frames and Architraves: Door frames, linings,
architraves and other trims are grouped in the one description. Refer SMM,
M10, page 134. Since the girth in this case is greater than 250mm the painting
is billed in m2.
17.06. EXERCISE 1-PAINTING

measure and extend the following Bill of Quantities’ Painting section.
SPECIFICATION NOTES
PAINTING
Paints shall be proprietary brand paints approved by the Commonwealth
Paint Committee and shall comply with the relevant Australian Standard
codes.
PLASTERBOARD
Application: One coat wallboard sealer
Two coats low gloss acrylic
Extent: Plasterboard ceiling lining
Plasterboard cornice
Plasterboard wall lining
(Note: Wall, cornice and ceiling to be painted
with different colours.)
WOODWORK
Application: One coat pink primer
Two coats gloss acrylic
Extent: Timber doors, frames and trims; timber windows;
and timber skirtings.
Application: One coat timber toned acrylic on all surfaces prior

to firing
Two coats timber toned acrylic afer firing
Extent: Sawn finish timberfascias and barge boards.
SCHEDULE OF DOOR AND WINDOW OPENINGS
DOOR WIDTH HEIGHT WINDOW WIDTH HEIGHT
D1-6 900 2100 w14 1800 1200

w5 3000 1200
w6-7 600 900
I 12000 1
SECTION AA
DRAWING 17.1
- Chapter 17 Glazing and Paint YI 165
PAINTING
Preambles omitted
EXTERNAL WORK
Woodwork
a Properly prepare, one coat pink primer
and two coats gloss acrylic on timber doors. m2
b Ditto on timber door frames and trims,
0-25Omm girth. m
C Ditto on timber windows and trims. (Measured
flat overall, one side.) m2
d Properly prepare, one coat timber toned
acrylic on sawn finish timber fascias prior
to fixing. m2
e Ditto barges. m2
f Properly prepare, and two coats timber
toned acrylic on pre-painted sawn finish
timber fascias, 0-25Omm girth. m
g Ditto barges, 0-25Omm girth. m
INTERNAL WORK
Plasterboard
h Properly prepare, one coat wallboard sealer,
and two coats low gloss acrylic on
plasterboard ceiling lining. m2
i Ditto plasterboard wall lining. m2
j Ditto plasterboard cornice, 0-25Omm girth. m
Woodwork
k Properly prepare, one coat pink primer
and two coats gloss acrylic on timber doors. m2
1 Ditto on timber door frames and trims. m2
m Ditto, 0-25Omm girth. m
n Ditto on timber windows and trims. (Measured
flat overall, one side.) m2
0 Ditto timber skirting, 0-25Omm girth. m

CHAPTER 18
PRELIMINARIES
QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES
18.01. SMM REQUIREMENTS-PRELIMINARIES
Refer to SMM, Section 2, Preliminaries, pages 9-12, for the rules governing the
preparation of the Preliminaries section.
18.02. PRELIMINARIES
The Preliminaries section is the first section in the Bill of Quantities. Unlike the
following trade sections it contains very few measured quantities and mainly consists
of "Note" and "Item" descriptions. (Refer Chapter 1, 1.01 Terminology, page 2, for
the definition of "Note" and "Item".)
The SMM clearly sets out the order and information to be included in the
Preliminaries section of the Bill of Quantities. This is broadly divided into two
categories. The first of these two categories is what I refer to as "global information"
necessary for the estimator to understand the project. The information to be included
is as follows:
Names of the parties
Description of the site
Description of the works
Conditions of contract
Tender conditions
Bill of quantities
Contingencies
Contingencies may be included in a building contract to allow for unforeseen costs

and are usually in the form of a Provisional Sum The contractor is directed to
include the Contingency Sum in the Tender Sum The Contingency Sum is used to
pay for unforeseen costs that may arise during the contract period. The sum may only
be used as directed by the supervising architect and any unexpended portion of the
Contingency Sum at Practical Completion of the Works is deducted from the Contract
Sum Following is a typical Contingency Sum Specification clause.
Tenderers are to allow for and include in their Tender Sum, the sum of Ten
Thousand Dollars ($10,000.00) for Contingencies.
The second category in the Bill of Quantities' Preliminaries section contains the
general particulars giving "Items" for the various contractual conditions and site
Chapter 18 Reliminaries / Quality Control Rocedures 167
conditions as listed in the SMM. (Refer SMM, Preliminaries, clause 8, pages 11 and
12, for full details.) Three typical Bill of Quantities descriptions giving general
particulars of site conditions are as follows:
Allow for all necessary charts and

schedules. Item
Allow for erecting and maintaining
a site notice board and for removing
same on completion of the works. Item
Allow for setting out the works. Item
Government Departments often insist that the Preliminaries section of the Bill of
Quantities is not priced by the tenderers. Any costs required to comply with the
conditions specified in the Preliminaries are to be allowed for in the various unit rates
in the subsequent trade sections of the Bill of Quantities. This action is taken to assist
contract administration. Following is a typical Bill of Quantities preamble clause for
the Preliminaries section taken from a Government project.
Generally
The following clauses are given for the guidance of the tenderers. Any costs
which the Tenderer may wish to allow for these clauses as well as any clauses
or conditions not especially mentioned hereafter, shall be included in the unit
rates and prices in the various Trade sections of the Bill of Quantities and shall
not be shown as individual amounts in this Preliminaries section of the Bill of
Quantities.
This clause is followed by the usual Preliminaries descriptions found in a typical Bill
of Quantities except that the descriptions are in specification format with no provision
for pricing.
18.03. QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES
Due to the involved nature of preparing Bills of Quantities, it is most important to

exercise some form of quality control during the preparation stage.
The first step is to prepare a project programme before the work is commenced. This
programme, usually in the form of a simple bar chart, is prepared by the "Job
Captain" in consultation with the other team members responsible for the preparation
of the Bill of Quantities. The programme lists all the trade sections and indicates who
is responsible for each section of the work, the time allocated, the progress to date, the
stage that the Bill of Quantities manuscript has reached, and the documentation
(drawings and specification) that has been received from and returned to the design
consultants. The programme is constantly updated and monitored throughout the
duration of the work. At any given time during the progress of the work the team can
assess their progress and take any corrective action necessary to achieve the scheduled
completion date.
Each member of the team should exercise individual quality control during the
measurement of the various trade sections. This primarily involves:
1. Lining off each Specification clause and/or schedule after the billing
and measurement has been completed.
2. Colouring the drawings after each particular component or finish has
been measured.
3. On completion of each trade section, checking to ensure that all clauses
in the Specification section and/or schedule have been lined off and
that all trade work indicated on the drawings has been coloured in.
Never assume that the Specification and drawings are perfect. Simple
cross checking procedures as outlined in 1 and 2 above will often
reveal errors and discrepancies in the drawings and specification.
4. Looking for obvious errors, such as: unusually large quantities;
unusually low quantities: and major omissions.
5. Comparing with previous Bills of Quantities for similar type projects.
Historic Bills of Quantities act as useful guides and can often be
helpful when preparing the Bill of Quantities and assist in identifying
possible omissions.
6. Keeping and maintaining written query sheets. A query sheet is a
written record of questions and answers to problems that arise during
the preparation of the Bill of Quantities. Whenever a doubt as to the
nature and extent of the works arises during the measurement stage the
responsible design consultant (Architect, Engineer, etc.) should be
contacted and clarification sought. Answers to questions should be
recorded together with other relevant information, such as date, sketch
details, and the name of the consultant providing the information.
Quality control should also be exercised during the finalisation of each section and the
associated printing stage. It is normal practice to double check all mathematical
calculations and to proof read the typed draft where the Bill of Quantities is produced
using a traditional typed documentation process. If an integrated computer software
package is used to produce the Bill of Quantities, the checking of mathematical
calculations and proof reading is not critical, but it is still important that the surveyor
who measured the work checks the final computer printout.
After all the measurement has been completed by the team members, a total project
check should be carried out. This consists of all team members marking up a final set
of drawings and cross checking to ensure that all components have been measured. It
is good practice to return a corrected set of drawings and corrected draft specification
to the design consultants. This process improves the standard of documentation and
should result in less variations during the construction period. The drawings and
specification used to prepare the Bill of Quantities, work sheets, query sheets,
computer disks, etc. should be safely stored in case of future inquiries regarding the
accuracy of the Bill of Quantities during the construction period.
Chaptm 18 Preliminaries/Quality Control Rcedurs 169
Prior to issuing the Bill of Quantities it is essential to carry out bulk checks to avoid
possible major errors. This involves making comparative quantity checks, such as
comparing the total areas of floor and ceiling finishes; comparing total soffit
formwork area, total slab areas and the G.F.A. for the building; and checking that all
trades have been printed in full. If an elemental cost plan has been prepared for the
project the quantities in the bill should be compared with the quantities in the
elemental cost plan.
Finally, it is good practice to price the Bill of Quantities and compare the final cost
against previous estimates and elemental cost plans. The percentage cost of each
trade section can be compared with similar projects and can often be a handy guide
when trying to identify cost anomalies. After all of the above checks have been
carried out the team should be relatively confident that a high standard of work has
been achieved.
INDEX
Index Terms Links
Abbreviations 2
Area take-off 18
Australian Standard Method of Measurement 10
Bar reinforcement 76–7

Bill of Quantities 5
Bill of Quantities format 5
Billing 20
Billing process 20–2
Billing units 21
Brickwork 41–4
Exercise 45–7
Ceiling finishes 31
Exercise 35
Plasterboard ceiling lining 32
Plasterboard cornice 32
Centre calculations 48
Centre line measurement 17
Concrete 76–97
Pier and beam footings 89–92
Rein. concrete slab on ground 85–8
This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.

Index Terms Links
Concrete (Cont.)
Rein. concrete strip footings 78–84
Rein. concrete strip footings exercise 82
Slabs and stairs exercise 93–7
Stepped strip footings 83–4
Drainage 125–133
Drainage exercise 130–3
Interpolation of drainage levels 125–6
Stormwater drainage 126–9
Doors, frames and hardware 23–6
Eaves 60–2
Fascias and barge boards 61
Eaves soffit lining 61
Trims 62
Electrical Installations 145–156
Exercise 145
Finishes 27–38
Floor finishes 27–31
Carpet 30
Exercise 35
Finished as laid concrete 30
Skirting 31
Quarry tile threshold 30

Index Terms Links
Glazing 157
Mirrors 157
Glazing and Painting 157–165
Ground floor framing and flooring 49–52
Exercise 52
Groundworks 98–104
Excavation for slab on ground
exercise 100–1
Pier and beam footings 102–4
Trench excavation 98–9
Trench excavation exercise 99
Hydraulics 134–144
Exercise 134–144
Taps and outlets 142
Cold water service 140
Hot water service 141
Sanitary fixtures 143
Sanitary plumbing 144
Introduction 1–4
Linear take-off 16
Masonry 39–47
Index Terms Links
Measurement exercises 19
Measurement process 11–9
Measurement rules 11
Metalwork 105–112
Aluminium sliding windows and doors 105–6
Arch bars and angles 107–8
Balustrades 108–110
Handrails exercise 111–2
Metal door frames 112
Metric standard brickwork 39
Metric units 4
Painting 158–165
Example 158–162
Exercise 163–5
Measurement technique 158
Perimeter measurement 16
Pitched roof framing 53–6
Exercise 57
Preliminaries 166–7
Quality control procedures 167–9
Reinforcement drawing notation 77

Roof trusses 58
Exercise 58–9

Index Terms Links
Roofing 63–75
Concrete roof tiling 63–5
Terracotta roof tiling 66–9
Roof tiling exercise 70
Metal roofing, gutters and downpipes 70–5
Sample pages 6
Woodwork trade 7
Trade collection 8
General Summary 9
Set out of take-off figures 14
Standard ruled quantity surveying paper 12–3
Structural Steel 113–124
Covered way framing 117–121
Exercise 122–4
Mass details 113–6
Terminology 1
Volume take-off 19
Wall finishes 33–4

Cement render 33
Exercise 35
Woodwork 48–62

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BASIC

National Library of Australia

Marsden, Paul Kmgsley, 1945-

1 BuiIlng - Australia - Measurement 2 Buildmg - Australia - Measurement -

CHAPTER 2 BILLS OF QUANTITIES AND THE SMM 5

CHAPTER 3 THE MEASUREMENT PROCESS 11

CHAPTER 4 THE BILLING PROCESS 20

CHAPTER 5 DOORS, FRAMES AND HARDWARE 23

CHAPTER 12 METALWORK 105

CHAPTER 13 STRUCTURAL STEEL 113

CHAPTER 14 DRAINAGE 125

CHAPTER 15 HYDRAULICS 134

CHAPTER 16 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS 145

CHAPTER 17 GLAZINGANDPAINTING 157

CHAPTER 18 PRELIMINARIES 166

BILLING UNIT SYMBOL

Measure: The quantity surveying process of measuring or "taking off' the

E.o. extra over

G.L. ground level

GPO general purpose outlet

HDUPVC heavy duty unplasticised polyvinyl chloride

I.L. invert level

O.T.R. other than rock

P.C. prime cost

p.v.a. polyvinyl acetate

P.V.C. polyvinyl chloride

rebar bar reinforcement

R.L. reduced level

T&G tongue and groove

UPVC unplasticised polyvinyl chloride

V.C. vitrified clay

1.03. METRIC UNlTS

kilometre km lOOOm = lkm

Prefix Symbol Magnitude

BILLS OF QUANTITIES AND THE SMM

2.01. BILL OF QUANTITIES

2.02. BILL OF QUANTITIES FORMAT

Provisional Bill of Quantities: A Bill of Quantities containing provisional

2.03. SAMPLE PAGES

2.03.01. SAMPLE PAGE FROM WOODWORK TRADE

g 450 wide, 450 high ditto. no 6

2.03.02. SAMPLE TRADE COLLECTION PAGE

WOODWORK TO GENERAL SUMMARY:

TOTAL AMOUNT OF TENDER:

This Bill of Quantities contains 243 pages numbered consecutively born 1 to

2.04. AUSTRALIAN STANDARD METHOD OF MEASUREMENT (SMM)

materials and goods including materials required for

THE MEASUREMENT PROCESS

3.01. MEASUREMENT RULES

Drawing Dimension (mm) Take-off Figure (m)

EXERCISE 3.01.01 Convert the following drawing dimensions to take-off figures:

Drawing Dimension (mm) Take-off Figure (m)

3.02. STANDARD RULED QUANTITY SURVEYING PAPER

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANmY RATE s c

The second column, "DESCRIPTION", is subdivided into five vertical sub-columns