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    Textile Technology

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    HarmeetBhawra
    The document discusses textile technology and the production of textiles. It provides definitions of key terms like textiles, fibers, threads, and the four main sources that fibers can come from - animal, plant, mineral, and synthetic. It also summarizes some common textile manufacturing techniques like weaving, knitting, and dyeing and discusses how they transform fibers into a variety of textile materials and products.

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    Textile Technology

    Uploaded by

    HarmeetBhawra
    69 views6 pages
    The document discusses textile technology and the production of textiles. It provides definitions of key terms like textiles, fibers, threads, and the four main sources that fibers can come from - animal, plant, mineral, and synthetic. It also summarizes some common textile manufacturing techniques like weaving, knitting, and dyeing and discusses how they transform fibers into a variety of textile materials and products.

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    The document discusses textile technology and the production of textiles. It provides definitions of key terms like textiles, fibers, threads, and the four main sources that fibers can come from - animal, plant, mineral, and synthetic. It also summarizes some common textile manufacturing techniques like weaving, knitting, and dyeing and discusses how they transform fibers into a variety of textile materials and products.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    69 views6 pages

    Textile Technology

    Uploaded by

    HarmeetBhawra
    The document discusses textile technology and the production of textiles. It provides definitions of key terms like textiles, fibers, threads, and the four main sources that fibers can come from - animal, plant, mineral, and synthetic. It also summarizes some common textile manufacturing techniques like weaving, knitting, and dyeing and discusses how they transform fibers into a variety of textile materials and products.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Textile Technology

    Textile Technology directory of textile machinery makers. Includes


    industry news as well as information about manufacturers of weaving,
    knitting, spinning, and dyeing machines. Directory provides extensive
    coverage of the scientific and technological aspects of textile
    production and processing, textile manufacturing techniques, textile
    end products, chemicals and dyes.

    Textiles are typically comprised of fibers, either artificial or natural,


    that are worked together to produce a thread. Threads are then joined
    together using an array of processes, such as spinning, weaving or
    knitting, to create the final textile, which is essentially a kind of fabric.
    Any product that is primarily composed of linked fibers is typically
    called a textile. However, types of fiber can vary, resulting in
    numerous textile materials. There are four categories from which most
    fiber materials are made: animal, plant, mineral and synthetic.

    Textiles can be made from many materials. These materials come from
    four main sources: animal (wool, silk), plant (cotton, flax, jute),
    mineral (asbestos, glass fiber), and synthetic (nylon, polyester,
    acrylic).

    A range hood is a mechanical installation designed to filter air of


    airborne particles related to cooking. These particles include airborne
    grease, combustion products, smoke, odors, heat and steam. Range
    Hoods also called extractor hoods or ventilation hoods, are used in
    kitchens to provide cooks with clean air, while also preventing greasy
    buildups from forming on walls and other surfaces.
    1. Natural Fibre of Textile.
    A) Vegetable Origin:
    a) Bast Fibres like Jute, Flax, Hemp, Kenaf, Sunn, Urena, and Nettle.

    b) Seed & Fruit fibres like Coir, Cotton.

    c) Leaf Fibres like Sisal, Manila.

    B) Animal Origin:
    a) Wool and Hair Fibres,

    b) Silk and other filaments.

    C) Mineral Origin: Asbestos.


    2. Man-made Fibre/ Chemical Fibre/ Artificial Fibre:
    A) Natural Polymer Based.
    a) Cellulose

    b) Cellulose Ester

    c) Protein

    d) Miscellaneous.

    The characteristics of textile fibres 

    Selecting suitable material for the production of the required product is very important. It is
    critical to respect the amounts of production and mainly the required utility characteristics of the
    end product. For the correct selection of raw materials for textile development, it is necessary to
    know the expected features of final products, like running shoes.

    Characteristics of textile are dependend on the characteristic of basic platform fibres and are
    provided by their chemical composition, fibre structure, morphology, character of the surface,
    length of the fibres and their fineness (thickness).
    Basic textile fibres characteristics

    Fibre strength Tensile strength is strength in newtons, which is necessary for


    breakage of fibres or yarn.
     
    Ductility Ductility is the ability of the fibres to elongate when stretched,
    providing the value in particular of extension in percentage of the
      original length at the moment of breakage.
    Flexibility Fibre flexibility is its ability to return to its original shape after
    stress. Flexibility has a critical impact on the pressing of the final
      products.
    Moisture Moisture absorption is the ability of the material to accept moisture
    absorption from the surrounding environment. This characteristic belongs
    among the most important hygienic characteristics and is required
      mainly for materials that come into direct contact with the skin
    (clothing, footwear linings, etc.)
    Heat This characteristic depends on the amount of air maintained
    retention (thermal between individual fibres after completion of the final product. The
    -insulation greater the amount of air, the better the insulation. The termal
    characteristics) insulation of textile products is expressed as W/m2*K and it is the
    same unit as it is used at evaluation of thermal insulation for
      household windows.

    Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in the production
    of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving,embroidery and ropemaking. Thread is a type
    of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be
    finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing.[1] Embroidery
    threads are yarns specifically designed for hand or machine embroidery.

    Color
    Yarn may be used undyed, or may be colored with natural or artificial dyes. Most yarns
    have a single uniform hue, but there is also a wide selection of variegated yarns:

     heathered or tweed: yarn with flecks of different colored fiber


     ombre: variegated yarn with light and dark shades of a single hue
     multi-colored: variegated yarn with two or more distinct hues (a "parrot colorway"
    might have green, yellow and red)
     self-striping: yarn dyed with lengths of color that will automatically create stripes
    in a knitted or crocheted object
     marled: yarn made from strands of different-colored yarn twisted together,
    sometimes in closely-related hues

    How is fabric constructed?

    Fabrics can be made or constructed by using a number of techniques as given

    below:

    i) Weaving ii) Knitting

    iii) Non-woven iv) Braided

    v) Nets vi) Laces

    Now, let us enumerate some of the important features of these techniques.

    i) Weaving : Weaving is the most

    commonly used method of fabric

    construction. You must have seen a

    chatai being made. Weaving is similar to it, where two sets of yarns are

    interlaced with one another at right

    angles. Weaving gives a firm fabric.

    Have you heard of fabrics like poplin, denim and cambric? Yes, these

    are available in all the cloth shops and

    you must have used them to make

    your garments.

    ii) Knitting : When you knit a

    sweater, there is normally one ball


    of yarn which is interlooped to get

    a fabric. This technique is called

    knitting and it gives a lot of stretch

    and easy-care properties to fabric. Knits are mainly used for hosiery. Knit fabrics are specially useful for
    garments like underwear,

    T-shirts, socks etc.

    iii) Non-Woven: These fabrics are

    made directly from fibers without

    weaving or knitting. Fibers are held together by mechanical forces, gum or heat.

    Namada is a traditional Kashmiri piece of a non-woven type of fabric.

    iv) Braided Fabrics: Braided fabrics are created in a fashion similar to braiding

    of hair. These fabrics are mainly used to make trimmings and shoe laces.

    Fig. 24.1: Weaving

    Fig. 24.2: Knitting

    Fig. 24.3: Braided FabricHOME SCIENCE

    MODULE - 5

    Notes

    Fabric Construction

    Textiles and Clothing

    164

    v) Nets: They are open-mesh fabrics with geometrical shapes. These yarns

    may be knotted at the point of intersection. You notice it being used very

    commonly for mosquito nets.

    Fig. 24.4: Net

    vi) Laces:Yarns are criss-crossed to create intricate designs. Yarns may be

    interlooped, interlaced or knotted to give open-mesh structure. Beautiful


    decorative designs can be created through lace making. Laces are very

    important trimmings that are used to decorate a garment.

    WHAT IS WEAVING?

    In weaving two sets of yarns are interlaced at right angle to one another in an

    established sequence.

    Have you ever seen a ‘charpai’ being made? On the frame, first one rope is taken

    and interlooped on two parallel edges and after that a second rope is interlaced

    perpendicular to it going once over the rope and once under it. This kind of an

    interlacement gives an even check effect and the weave is quite firm.

    The weaving of a fabric is also done in a similar way, except for the fact that yarns

    are used for interlacing and a loom is used to hold the thread instead of a

    frame. There are some terms which are frequently used, you see them on the lable

    also.

    Selvedge: When you examine a fabric, you see two long finished edges, one on

    each side along the length of the fabric. These edges are called selvedge and give

    strength to the edges which is important in further processing of the fabric

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