North South University

Spring 2020
CSE 482.5
Take Away Home (Final) Examination

Name: Mohammad Faisal Bin Anowar

ID: 1530062042

Answer to the question no : 01

(a) Broadcast: Broadcasting is the process of sending data

packets to multiple recipients all at once. For instance, a local
area network can be configured so that any device on the
network can broadcast a message to all the others.When a
networked device wants to broadcast, it transmits a data packet
to the network's broadcast address. The network hardware, such
as routers or switches, does the work of sending the packet to
every other device in the group. The group of eligible devices is
called a broadcast domain.
Example: MAC broadcast address (all 1’s): a host with MAC
address 00:17:31:5A:E5:89 sends a frame to the broadcast
address FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. All other hosts on the network will
receive the frame .

(b) Multicast: Multicast is a method of routing data on a

computer network that allows one or more senders to
communicate efficiently with a group of receivers.Multicasting
supports one-to-many routing, in which a single device sends
data to a group of devices. It also supports many-to-many
routing, in which a group sends data to a group.Multicasting is
more efficient than broadcasting because it can target specific
devices, rather than an entire network segment. It reduces
unnecessary network and processor resource usage.
Example: IP multicast: a set of hosts on the Internet
“subscribe” to the multicast group with address 225.70.8.20.
When a host sends a datagram to 225.70.8.20, the datagram is
delivered to all hosts subscribed to that multicast group.
(c) Semantic Web: The Semantic Web is the web of
connections between different forms of data that allow a
machine to do something it wasn’t able to do directly.It is a
vision about an extension of the existing World Wide Web,
which provides software programs with machine-interpretable
metadata of the published information and data. In other words,
we add further data descriptors to otherwise existing content and
data on the Web. As a result, computers are able to make
meaningful interpretations similar to the way humans process
information to achieve their goals.
Example: Amazon, eBAY

(d) Internet Qos: Qos stands for quality of service.It

interoperate with Internet creates a large demand for QoS
support for future Internet applications. The main motivation
behind the design of the next generation Internet is convergence,
that is to say, making the Internet the common carrier for all
kinds of services. The Internet is destined to become the
ubiquitous global communication infrastructure.The Internet
exists in order to transfer information from source nodes to
destination nodes. Simultaneously, diversity of Internet services
has become very competitive and end users are demanding very
high quality services from their service providers.
 Answer to the question no : 02

With a P2P BitTorrent the originating server (the seed) makes

available one copy of the file, which is then split up into chunks.
Different chunks are sent out to the various computers
(BitTorrent clients) trying to get hold of a copy of the file.Each
client uploads their part of the file to other clients while
simultaneously downloading bits of the file they don't have from
other clients. All the clients work together as a swarm to share
the file. The file-sharing process doesn't happen in the
systematic, sequential way.Clients upload and download
simultaneously and the file actually builds up in a more random
way.
When a file is broken into a number of blocks of identical size.
For each block, hash is calculated using MD5 or SHA-1. The
hashes for all of the blocks are saved in the .torrent file. When a
block is downloaded, a peer calculates the hash of this block and
compares it to the recorded hash in the .torrent file. If the two
hashes are equal, this block is error-free. Otherwise, the block is
bogus and should be discarded.
 Answer to the question no : 03

(a) I'm using Wireless LAN (WLAN) at my home.It is a

wireless computer network that links two or more devices using
wireless communication to form a local area network (LAN)
within a limited area such as a home, school, computer
laboratory, campus, or office building.

(b) I'm using a broadband connection which is LINK3 (Internet

Service provider).Using Cat-6 cable I connected this connection
through my TP-Link router which (router) has a ip with default
username and password.With my laptop I configured the panel
of this ip,and then the router auto detected the dynamic ip of
link3,then it succesfully connected.By these process I connected
to the internet.

(c) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a dynamic mapping

protocol that maps the IP address of a computer to it’s MAC
address.Whenever a host has to send a packet to any other host it
knows the target hosts IP address.The IP protocol asks the ARP
protocol to prepare a request packet with senders IP address,
senders MAC address, target hosts IP address and the target
hosts MAC address field is not filled.The packet is then passed
to the data link layer. Here, the packet is encapsulated inside a
frame which has source address as sender’s physical address and
destination address as a physical broadcast address.As the
encapsulation packet has broadcast address in the destination
address field, it is received by each host in the network. The
target host keeps the packet as it identifies its IP address in the
ARP packet.

(d) No,there is no role of DNS found yet.

(e) The role of TCP/UDP to connect with the google classroom

web server is to create a personal classroom space for user who
can only let the other users in when the correct packet(the
classroom code) is ackknowledged.
(f) The role of TCP/UDP to connect with the google classroom
web server is letting acknowledge packet data senders into the
classroom and having online class going through the video
chatiing line need to TCP/UDP protocols tobe uninterrupted
personal video session.A message is sent over UDP and it’s
assumed to arrive at the destination. The benefit is less time
spent on the network to validate packets, the downside is that in
order to be reliable, something has to be built on top of UDP to
confirm packet delivery.That’s where Google’s QUIC protocol
comes in.The QUIC protocol can start a connection and
negotiate all the TLS (HTTPs) parameters in 1 or 2 packets
depends on if it’s a new server you are connecting to or a known
host.

(g) The HTTP (persistent/non-persistent) communication

between your laptop and the web servers: For an connection
Persistent or Non-persistent it is sure that to initiate TCP
connection one RTT is used.One RTT is used for HTTP request
and first few bytes to HTTP response to return.o in order to
know total file transmission time->total = 2RTT+transmit time.
Without parallel connection Non-Persistent-Each objection takes
two RTT (assuming no window limit) one for TCP connection
and other for HTTP image/text file.In Non-pipeline connection
we first establish connection which takes two RTT then we send
all the objects images/text files which takes 1 RTT each (TCP
for each object is not required).

References:

 Class Notes
 Lecture Slides
 https://www.networkcomputing.com/networking/basics-qos
 https://www.ontotext.com/knowledgehub/fundamentals/what-
is-the-semantic-web/
 https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/multicast.html
 https://www.dnsstuff.com/what-is-qos
 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/694847/
 https://www.cambridgesemantics.com/blog/semantic-
university/intro-semantic-web/
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221366855_A_sema
ntic_web_based_framework_for_social_network_access_contr
ol
 https://devopedia.org/semantic-web
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234819833_Internet_
QoS_Architectures_and_Mechanisms_for_Quality_of_Service
 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/694847/
 https://www.howtogeek.com/141257/htg-explains-how-does-
bittorrent-work/
 https://www.explainthatstuff.com/howbittorrentworks.html
 https://binaryterms.com/address-resolution-protocol-arp.html
 https://ma.ttias.be/googles-quic-protocol-moving-web-tcp-udp/
 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/http-non-persistent-persistent-
connection/