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Final Exam - Submitted Version PDF

The document is a final examination for an engineering management course. It consists of three sections with multiple choice and written response questions. Section A includes two questions about financial statements and ratio analysis for companies. Section B and C each include one long-form question about cost accounting methods, safety issues, and recommendations. The exam is 3 hours and covers topics related to engineering management, safety, and economics.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
382 views19 pages

Final Exam - Submitted Version PDF

The document is a final examination for an engineering management course. It consists of three sections with multiple choice and written response questions. Section A includes two questions about financial statements and ratio analysis for companies. Section B and C each include one long-form question about cost accounting methods, safety issues, and recommendations. The exam is 3 hours and covers topics related to engineering management, safety, and economics.

Uploaded by

Umarul Aiman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER I, SESSION 2018/2019

COURSE CODE : SKMM 4823

COURSE NAME : ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT, SAFETY & ECONOMICS

PROGRAMME : SKMM/SKMV/SKMP/SKMB

DURATION : 3 HOURS

DATE : DECEMBER, 2018

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:

1. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS FROM SECTION A.

2. ANSWER ONE (1) QUESTION ONLY FROM SECTION B.

3. ANSWER ONE (1) QUESTION ONLY FROM SECTION C.

PLEASE CIRCLE YOUR CHOICE OF QUESTION NUMBERS ON ANSWER


SCRIPT.

WARNING!

Students caught copying/cheating during the examination


are liable for disciplinary actions and the Faculty may recommend
the students to be expelled from the University

THIS EXAMINATION PAPER CONSIST OF (19) PRINTED PAGES ONLY


-2-
SKMM 4823

SECTION A

QUESTION 1 (20 Marks)

1.1 Table 1.1 shows financial information of Legency Ptd. Ltd. year ending 30th June 2018.

Table 1.1. Financial Information of Legency Ptd. Ltd.

Item Value (RM)


st
Stock on 1 July 2017 40,000
Stock on 30th June 2018 30,000
Purchase 160,000
Sales of product 1,500,000
Capital 550,000
Long term loans 456,000
Income from special services 500,000
Machineries & equipment 730,000
Furniture 100,000
Rent paid 300,000
General expenditures 100,000
Salaries and wages 750,000
Insurance paid 25,000
Cash in bank 464,700
Receivables /Debtors 5,300
Creditors 50,500
Overdraft 20,000

Other data are as follows:


 Depreciation for furniture is 10% per year. Depreciation allocation for furniture is
RM50,000.
 There is no depreciation for other fixed assets.
 Total tax to be paid is 25%.
 The Board of Directors agreed to distribute 60% dividend to the shareholders for
the financial year ending 30th June 2018.

a) Construct an Income Statement for Legency Ptd. Ltd. for the year ending 30 th June
2018.
(4 marks)

b) Construct a Balance Sheet for Legency Ptd. Ltd. at 30th June 2018.
(4 marks)
-3-
SKMM 4823

1.2 Table 1.2 shows the Ratio Analysis of Casto Ptd. Ltd. The analysis covers a three financial
year period of 2016 to 2018.

Table 1.2. Ratio Analysis of Casto Ptd. Ltd

Ratio Year 2016 Year 2017 Year 2018


Current 1.4 1.5 1.45
Quick 1.2 1.1 1.15

Inventory Turnover 0.98 1.02 0.97


Debtor Turnover 2.46 2.50 2.55
Asset Turnover 3.65 3.82 3.73

Debt to Equity 1.01 2.48 3.05


Debt to Asset 1.95 2.36 3.78

Gross Profit Margin 2.67 2.81 2.78


Net Profit Margin After Tax 0.69 0.67 0.61
Return to Asset 1.50 1.70 1.60
Return on Equity 2.67 2.74 2.79

a) As part of Casto’s strategic management, it is planning a corporate strategy of growth


and diversification through development and marketing of new products. However,
such an effort will require a large amount of financial capital. The company plans to
take up another long term loan to finance this plan.

Give your opinion regarding taking another long term loan to finance the plan.
Select TWO (2) appropriate ratios to explain and justify your opinion.

(6 marks)

b) Study the ratio analysis of Casto Ptd. Ltd. and identify ONE (1) weakness of this
company. Justify this weakness using relevant ratio values.
Propose TWO (2) suggestions on how this weakness may be overcome.

(6 marks)
-4-
SKMM 4823

QUESTION 2 (20 Marks)

TRACOM Sdn Bhd is a local OEM car parts manufacture companies in Johor Bahru. Their top
products are shock absorber as shown in Figure 1. Production department operates for five (5)
days per week and administrative department has a normal working hour from 8 a.m to 5 p.m
(1-hour break) with 20 days per month.

Figure 1. Shock Absorber Produce by TRACOM Sdn Bhd

Currently, the operations only focus on producing new types of car absorber; MONROE,
SACHS, BILSTEIN, KYB and TEIN. Production data in Table 1 are taken from 1st January to
31st March 2018. Direct labor cost is RM 6 per hour. In order to comply company pricing
policy, each product price must be 30% more than cost of production.

Table 2.1. Production Data

Labor Machine
No of Materials
Working No Hour
Unit Component No of Cost (RM) Administrative
Product Hour of (Per
Product (Per Unit Moves (Per Unit hours
(Per Unit Setup Unit
Product) Component)
Component) Product)
MONROE 100 8 6 4 4 8 30 120
SACHS 250 6 5 2 4 6 50 80
BILSTEIN 300 5 4 2 3 5 60 80
KYB 50 10 8 4 5 10 20 120
TEIN 100 7 6 3 4 7 40 80
-5-
SKMM 4823

Table 2.2. Overhead Cost and Cost Driver

Overhead Cost
Activity Cost Driver
(RM)
1. Material Handling 10 000 No. of Move
2. Setup 15 000 No. of Setup
3. Machine Maintenance 120 000 Machine Hour
4. Salaries of
48 000 Administrative working hour
Administrator

You as a new marketing manager at TRACOM Sdn Bhd has to strategize marketing plan for
company new products.

a) Determine the price for each new shock absorber launched by company by using;

i) Traditional costing method with the absorption of overhead based on direct


machine hours.

ii) Activity-based costing (ABC) method by using activity driver rate as given in
Table 1.
(17 marks)

b) Calculate percentage difference between Traditional and ABC method for each
product.
(2 marks)

c) In your opinion which method is more accurate? Explain why do you think so.

(1 mark)

SECTION B

QUESTION 3 (20 marks)

Figure 2 shows a scenario of two (2) workers in warehouse. Both of them were being tasked to
paint the roof bars. However, there is no ladder in that warehouse which has enough height to
perform the given task. So, they take an initiative to use forklift as a substitution for ladder.
Unfortunately, the rear wheel of forklift skidded due to oil spillage on the floor. This caused
the worker B to slip and fell down and also has a serious injury.
-6-
SKMM 4823

Figure 2. Situation in Warehouse

Based on the case given,

a) Evaluate ONE (1) unsafe act and ONE (1) unsafe condition and give your
justification
(2 marks)

b) Assume you are the Safety Officer of that company, by referring to OSHA 1994,
give FOUR (4) relevant sections which related to the person responsible or the
action to be taken. Justify your answer.
(8 marks)

c) By using a suitable analysis tool to identify, assess and suggest the control
measures, analyze the workers’ activities or working environment with at least
THREE (3) potential hazards. Then fill in all the contents needed. List at least
TWO (2) examples of control measures for each hazard and it must be in the
different hierarchies of control. Assume that budget is not a constraint to the
company.
(10 marks)
-7-
SKMM 4823

QUESTION 4 (20 marks)

Figure 3 shows a scenario in a construction site. Study the scenario and answer the questions.

Figure 3. Installation Work for Roof

Based on Figure 3,

a) Evaluate TWO (2) unsafe acts and TWO (2) unsafe conditions and give your
justification.

(4 marks)

b) Outline THREE (3) relevant sections in the Act and Regulations in OSHA 1994.
Justify your answer.

(6 marks)

c) Develop a suitable analysis by identifying THREE (3) potential hazard and assess
the risk. Then recommend control measures by giving TWO (2) specific
suggestions for each hazard.

(10 marks)
-8-
SKMM 4823

SECTION C

QUESTION 5 (20 marks)

Avik is newly hired as a Systems Engineer at Caremark. Caremark is a software developer


company. Avik and his team mates are put under supervision of Senior Engineer Bhila who
seems to allow the whole team to work on their own and realize their full potential. Avik seems
to be very positive minded, energetic type of person and had acquainted himself with his team
members quite well.

Avik had been assigned a new project and had been working days and nights with his team
mates to solve the problem. In the middle of the project’s phase, Avik encountered a difficult
situation and walked to Bhila’s office reporting the problems they were having with the
software and his solutions. Avik was surprised by the cold responds from Bhila and before
Avik could even finish, he told him that he was busy with other things, and that he would send
an email with the solution to all the members of the team by the end of the day, and that the
team could then implement it immediately. Avik was somewhat taken aback. Later in the day
he was informed by his team mate that Bhila is not going to have time to listen to his
subordinates or discuss anything. He will just provide the solution he thinks is the best. As the
days went by, Avik slowly realized that Bhila was efficient at what he did and extremely
intelligent. Bhila had neither the time nor the inclination to groom his subordinates. His
solutions to problems were always correct, but he was not willing to discuss or debate the
merits of any other ideas that his team might have. He did not hold the team down to their
deadlines nor did he ever interfere. In fact, he rarely said anything at all. If work did not get
finished on time, he would just blame the team, and totally disassociate himself from them.

As a result, Avik gradually began to lose interest in the work - it had become too mechanical
for his taste. He did not really need to think that his boss had all the answers. Avik was learning
nothing new, and felt his career was going nowhere. As he became more and more discouraged,
his performance suffered. From being someone with immense promise and potential, Avik was
now in danger of becoming just another mediocre techie.

Based on the case study, answer the following questions;

a) Analyse the working scenario faced by Avik where he began with great enthusiasm,
however, despite his positive outlook, he was quickly de-motivated. Give TWO (2)
explanations based on Herzberg’s theory the probable reasons to Avik situation.

(6 marks)
-9-
SKMM 4823

b) Using equity theory, investigate and identify THREE (3) reasons of Avik gradual
performance drop.

(6 marks)

c) The key factor why Avik felt demoralized was that his expectations were not being met.
In your opinion, explain FOUR (4) methods how Avik can improve his performance
based on expectancy theory.

(8 marks)

QUESTION 6 (20 marks)

Sarah is working in an electronic company. She has been promoted to lead one of the new
product development groups in R&D department as a team leader. Currently, the company
needs to develop several new products in order to capture a certain market share and Sarah’s
group is responsible for one of them. In order to achieve this goal, there are four workers which
have been selected to join Sarah’s project.

The first worker is Ali, a capable electronic engineer, which has wide working experience and
can work with minimal supervision and instructions. Besides, he also has a high morale and is
able to give commitment whenever given any task.

The second one is Bobo, who can excellently perform his job as designer as long as he feels
that he wants to do it. Besides that, with his good performance, he believes that his manager or
supervisor needs to take his opinion into consideration before making final decision regarding
the project.

The third worker namely Coco is a new manufacturing engineer, still inexperience but have a
lot to learn from others. However, he is a very hardworking person and always tried his best to
perform his job. The last worker is Dolah, not only also an inexperienced worker, but always
complaining and avoiding any new task given to him.

Sarah believes that she can change her leadership style based on her subordinates’ abilities
and willingness. Yet, in order to make sure she can achieve the objective of the company,
Sarah using certain approaches where she gives a strict instruction and provides details working
instructions and directions to all his workers. She defines the roles for each of them, and tells
them what to do or how and when to perform their tasks. Unfortunately, unlike her expectation,
this type of leadership style does not work well. The progress is slow and only Dolah’s
performance is improved.
-10-
SKMM 4823

a) State an appropriate leadership theory that can explain this scenario. Identify and state
the characteristic of each worker based on the leadership theory that you have selected.

(6 marks)

b) Analyze why Sarah's leadership style only enhances Dolah’s performance, but not to
the other three employees.

(4 marks)

c) Suggest what Sarah can do to improve the performance of all the workers.

(8 marks)

d) In your opinion, what can Sarah do to upgrade herself as a leader?

(2 marks)
-11-
SKMM 4823

TERJEMAHAN
SEKSYEN A
SOALAN 1 (20 Markah)

1.1 Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan maklumat kewangan Legency Sdn. Bhd. tahun berakhir 30hb Jun
2018.

Jadual 1.1. Maklumat Kewangan Legency Sdn. Bhd.

Perkara Nilai (RM)


hb
Stok pada 1 Julai 2017 40,000
Stok pada 30hb Jun 2018 30,000
Belian 160,000
Jualan produk 1,500,000
Modal 550,000
Pinjaman jangka panjang 456,000
Pendapatan dari perkhidmatan khas 500,000
Mesin dan peralatan 730,000
Perabut 100,000
Sewa dibayar 300,000
Perbelanjaan am 100,000
Gaji dan upah 750,000
Insuran dibayar 25,000
Tunai dalam bank 464,700
Penghutang 5,300
Pemiutang 50,500
Overdraf 20,000

Data lain adalah seperti berikut:


 Susutnilai untuk perabut ialah 10% per tahun. Peruntukan susutnilai untuk perabut
ialah RM50,000.
 Tiada susutnilai untuk asset tetap yang lain.
 Jumlah cukai yang perlu dibayar ialah 25%.
 Ahli Lembaga Pengarah bersetuju untuk mengedarkan 60% dividen kepada
pemegang saham untuk tahun kewangan berakhir pada 30 Jun 2018.

a) Bina Penyata Pendapatan untuk Legency untuk tahun berakhir 30 Jun 2018.
(4 markah)
b) Bina Kunci Kira-Kira untuk Legency Sdn. Bhd. pada 30 Jun 2018.
(4 markah)
-12-
SKMM 4823

1.2 Jadual 1.2 menunjukkan Analisa Nisbah Casto Sdn. Bhd. Analisa ini merangkumi tiga
tahun kewangan iaitu 2016 hingga 2018.

Jadual 1.2 Analisa Nisbah Casto Sdn. Bhd.

Nisbah Tahun 2016 Tahun 2017 Tahun 2018


Semasa 1.4 1.5 1.45
Cepat 1.2 1.1 1.15

Pusing Ganti Inventori 0.98 1.02 0.97


Pusing Ganti Penghutang 2.46 2.50 2.55
Pusing Ganti Aset 3.65 3.82 3.73

Hutang Kepada Ekuiti 1.01 2.48 3.05


Hutang Kepada Aset 1.95 2.36 3.78

Nisbah Untung Kasar 2.67 2.81 2.78


Untung Bersih Selepas Cukai 0.69 0.67 0.61
Pulangan Terhadap Aset 1.50 1.70 1.60
Pulangan Terhadap Ekuiti 2.67 2.74 2.79

a) Sebagai sebahagian daripada pengurusan strategik Casto, ia merancang strategi


pertumbuhan dan kepelbagaian melalui pembangunan dan pemasaran produk-
produk baru. Walaubagaimanapun, usaha ini memerlukan modal kewangan yang
besar. Oleh itu, syarikat merancang untuk mendapatkan satu lagi pinjaman jangka
panjang untuk membiayai pelaburan ini.

Kemukakan pendapat anda tentang rancangan mengambil satu lagi pinjaman jangka
panjang untuk menampung rancangan pertumbuhan ini.
Pilih DUA (2) nisbah yang sesuai untuk menerangkan dan menjustifikasikan
pendapat anda.

(6 markah)

b) Analisa nisbah-nisbah Casto Sdn. Bhd. dan tentukan SATU (1) kelemahan syarikat
ini. Justifikasikan kelemahan ini dengan menggunakan nisbah-nisbah yang sesuai.
Cadangkan DUA (2) cadangan-cadangan bagaimana kelemahan ini boleh diatasi.

(6 markah)
-13-
SKMM 4823

SOALAN 2 (20 markah)

TRACOM Sdn Bhd adalah syarikat perkilangan bahagian OEM tempatan yang terletak di
Johor Bahru. Produk utama mereka adalah penyerap hentakan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam
Rajah 1. Bahagian pengeluaran beroperasi selama lima (5) hari seminggu dan bahagian
pentadbiran mempunyai waktu kerja normal yang bermula pada jam 8 pagi hingga 5 petang (1
jam rehat) dengan 20 hari bekerja dalam masa sebulan.

Rajah 1. Penyerap Hentakan Yang Dihasilkan Oleh TRACOM Sdn Bhd

Ketika ini, operasi hanya memberi tumpuan kepada penghasilan penyerap hentakan model
baru; MONROE, SACHS, BILSTEIN, KYB dan TEIN. Data pengeluaran di dalam Jadual 1
adalah diambil dari 1 Januari sehingga 31 Mac 2018. Kos langsung buruh adalah RM 6 per
jam. Bagi mematuhi syarat polisi harga syarikat, setiap harga produk mestilah 30% lebih
daripada harga pengeluaran.

Jadual 2.1. Data Pengeluaran

Jam Jam
Bilangan Kos bahan
bekerja mesin
Unit komponen Bilangan Bilangan (RM) Jam
Produk buruh (Per
Produk (Per Unit persediaan pergerakan (Per pentadbiran
(Per Unit
Produk) komponen)
komponen) Produk)
MONROE 100 8 6 4 4 8 30 120
SACHS 250 6 5 2 4 6 50 80
BILSTEIN 300 5 4 2 3 5 60 80
KYB 50 10 8 4 5 10 20 120
TEIN 100 7 6 3 4 7 40 80
-14-
SKMM 4823

Jadual 2.2. Kos Overhed dan Kos Pemandu

Kos Overhed
Aktiviti Kos Pemandu
(RM)
1. Pengendalian Bahan 10 000 Bil. Pergerakan
2. Persediaan 15 000 Bil. Persediaan
3. Penyelenggaraan Mesin 120 000 Jam Mesin
4. Gaji Pekerja Pentadbiran 48 000 Masa Kerja Pentadbiran

Anda merupakan pengurus baru pemasaran di TRACOM Sdn Bhd perlu menyusun strategi
pemasaran untuk produk baru syarikat.

a) Tentukan harga bagi setiap penyerap hentakan yang baru dilancarkan syarikat dengan
menggunakan:

i) Kaedah Penentuan Kos Tradisional dengan penyerapan overhed pada jam mesin.
ii) Kaedah Penentuan Kos Berdasarkan Aktiviti (ABC) menggunakan kos pemandu
yang diberikan dalam Jadual 1.

(17 markah)

b) Kirakan peratusan perbezaan antara kaedah Penentuan Kos Tradisional dan kaedah
Penentuan Kos Berdasarkan Aktiviti (ABC) untuk setiap produk.
(2 markah)

c) Pada pendapat anda, kaedah manakah yang lebih tepat? Huraikan jawapan anda.

(1 markah)

SEKSYEN B
SOALAN 3 (20 Markah)

Rajah 2 menunjukkan senario berkenaan dua (2) pekerja di gudang. Kedua-dua mereka
ditugaskan untuk mengecat palang bumbung. Walaubagaimanapun, tiada tangga di gudang
tersebut yang mempunyai ketinggian yang mencukupi untuk melaksanakan tugas yang
diberikan. Oleh itu, mereka mengambil inisiatif untuk menggunakan trak angkat susun sebagai
pengganti tangga. Malangnya, roda belakang trak angkat susun tersebut tergelincir akibat
tumpahan minyak di lantai. Ini menyebabkan pekerja B tergelincir dan jatuh dan mengalami
kecederaan serius.
-15-
SKMM 4823

Rajah 2. Situasi di Gudang

Berdasarkan kes yang diberikan,

a) Nilaikan SATU (1) tindakan yang tidak selamat dan SATU (1) keadaan tidak selamat
dan berikan justifikasi anda

(2 markah)

b) Anggap anda Pegawai Keselamatan syarikat tersebut, dengan merujuk kepada OSHA
1994, berikan EMPAT (4) seksyen yang berkaitan dengan orang yang
bertanggungjawab atau tindakan yang akan diambil. Jelaskan jawapan anda.

(8 markah)

c) Dengan menggunakan alat analisa yang sesuai bagi mengenalpasti, menilai dan
mencadangkan kaedah kawalan, analisis aktiviti pekerja atau keadaan persekitaran
kerja dengan sekurang-kurangnya TIGA (3) bahaya yang berpotensi. Seterusnya isikan
semua kandungan yang diperlukan. Senaraikan sekurang-kurangnya DUA (2) contoh
langkah kawalan untuk setiap bahaya dan ianya mestilah berdasarkan hierarki kawalan
yang berbeza. Anggapkan bahawa belanjawan bukanlah kekangan kepada syarikat.

(10 markah)
-16-
SKMM 4823

SOALAN 4 (20 markah)

Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu scenario di dalam kerja- kerja pembinaan. Kaji senario tersebut dan
jawab soalan.

Rajah 3. Kerja Pemasangan Atap

Berdasarkan Rajah 3,

a) Nilaikan DUA (2) tindakan tidak selamat dan DUA (2) keadaan tidak selamat dan
berikan justifikasi anda.
(4 marks)

b) Gariskan TIGA (3) seksyen dalam Akta dan Peraturan dalam OSHA 1994 yang
boleh dikaitkan dengan gambar. Justifikasikan jawapan anda.

(6 marks)

c) Bina analisis yang sesuai dengan mengenalpasti TIGA (3) bahaya yang berpotensi
dan nilaikan risikonya. Kemudian cadangkan langkah kawalan dengan memberikan
DUA (2) cadangan yang spesifik untuk setiap bahaya.

(10 marks)
-17-
SKMM 4823

SEKSYEN C

SOALAN 5 (20 markah)

Avik baru di ambil bekerja sebagai Jurutera Sistem di Caremark. Caremark ialah sebuah
syarikat yang membangunkan perisian. Avik dan rakan bekerja di bawah seliaan Bhila yang
merupakan Jurutera Kanan. Bhila membiarkan semua ahli pasukan bawah seliaannya bekerja
sendiri tanpa pengawasannya dan menyedari sendiri potensi masing-masing. Avik mempunyai
minda positif, cergas dan bergaul mesra sesame rakan sekerja dengan baik.

Avik telah di tugaskan untuk mengendalikan sebuah projek dan telah bekerja keras siang dan
malam bersama rakan sekerja untuk menyelesaikannya. Di pertengahan fasa projek Avik
berdepan dengan kesulitan dan mengadu masalahnya kepada penyelianya, Bhila. Avik
membawa masalah berkenaan perisian dan penyelesaiannya ke pejabat Bhila. Avik sangat
terkejut dengan respon dingin yang di berikan oleh Bhila serta memotong laporan dari Avik
dengan menyatakan bahawa dia sangat sibuk dan akan mengedarkan penyelesaian kepada
masalah yang sedang di hadapi melalui e-mail kepada semua yang berkenaan di penghujung
hari. Penyelesaian yang akan di e-mail boleh di laksanakan serta-merta. Avik sangat terkejut.
Tidak berapa lama selepas itu Avik dimaklumkan bahawa Bhila tidak suka meluangkan masa
berbincang dan mendengar dari pekerja bawahan. Bhila sering bertindak menyelesaiakan
masalah mengikut kata hatinya sendiri. Lama kelamaan Avik akhirnya menyedari Bhila sangat
pintar dan cekap dalam mengendalikan kerja hariannya, malangnya beliau tidak mempunyai
masa atau kecenderungan untuk melatih pekerja bawahannya. Beliau sering menyediakan
penyelesaian yang tepat kepada setiap masalah tetapi tidak boleh di bawa berbincang untuk
menerima pendapat dan memberi merit terhadap pandangan baru dari orang lain. Beliau tidak
mengonkong dan mengganggu aktiviti harian pekerja bawahannya. Malah dia lebih suka
membisu dan jika kerja tidak di siapkan mengikut jadual, dia akan menyalahkan seluruh
pasukan dan mengasingkan diri.

Perlahan-lahan Avik hilang minat terhadap kerjanya dan rutin hariannya menjadi terlalu
mekanikal kepadanya. Avik berpendapat bahawa tidak semua penyelesaian yang Bhila berikan
semuanya tepat. Tiada ilmu baru yang Avik pelajari dan merasakan kerjayanya tidak membawa
kemana-mana. Prestasi kerjanya semakin hari semakin tidak menggalakkan. Dari seorang yang
mempunyai potensi besar kepada seorang pembina perisian yang biasa-biasa sahaja.

Berdasarkan kepada kajian kes, jawab soalan berikut;

a) Analisa senario kerja yang di alami Avik dimana dia bermula dengan semangat yang
tinggi dan akhirnya tidak bermotivasi walaupun dia mempunyai sikap kerja yang bagus.
Beri DUA (2) penerangan berdasarkan teori Herzberg’s untuk menjelaskan mengapa
keadaan tersebut berlaku pada Avik.

(6 markah)
-18-
SKMM 4823

b) Dengan menggunaka teori equity, siasat dan kenalpasti TIGA (3) punca prestasi Avik
merudum.

(6 markah)

c) Faktor utama mengapa Avik mengalami penurunan moral kerja adalah kerana
jangkaannya tidak tercapai. Pada pendapat anda, terangkan EMPAT (4) kaedah
berdasarkan teori expectancy bagaimana prestasi Avik boleh ditingkatkan.

(8 markah)

SOALAN 6 (20 markah)

Sarah bekerja di sebuah syarikat elektronik. Beliau telah dinaikkan pangkat untuk mengetuai
salah satu kumpulan pembangunan produk baru dalam Jabatan R & D sebagai ketua pasukan.
Pada masa ini, syarikat perlu membangunkan beberapa produk baru untuk mendapatkan
sebahagian pasaran dan kumpulan Sarah bertanggungjawab untuk salah satu daripada produk
tersebut. Untuk mencapai matlamat ini, terdapat empat pekerja yang telah dipilih untuk
menjadi ahli projek Sarah.

Pekerja pertama ialah Ali, seorang jurutera elektronik yang berkebolehan, yang mempunyai
pengalaman kerja yang luas dan boleh bekerja dengan pengawasan dan arahan yang minimum.
Selain itu, beliau juga mempunyai semangat yang tinggi dan dapat memberi komitmen setiap
kali diberi tugas.

Yang kedua ialah Bobo, yang boleh melakukan pekerjaannya sebagai pereka selama dia merasa
ingin melakukannya. Di samping itu, dengan prestasi baiknya, beliau percaya bahawa pengurus
atau penyelianya perlu mengambil pendapatnya sebelum membuat keputusan akhir mengenai
projek itu.

Pekerja ketiga iaitu Coco adalah seorang jurutera pembuatan baru, masih kurang
berpengalaman dan perlu banyak belajar dari orang lain. Walau bagaimanapun, dia adalah
seorang yang sangat rajin dan sentiasa berusaha sebaik mungkin untuk melaksanakan tugasnya.
Pekerja terakhir ialah Dolah, bukan sahaja seorang pekerja yang tidak berpengalaman, tetapi
selalu mengeluh dan mengelakkan tugas baru yang diberikan kepadanya.

Sarah percaya bahawa dia boleh mengubah gaya kepimpinannya berdasarkan kebolehan dan
kesediaan orang bawahannya. Namun, untuk memastikan dia dapat mencapai matlamat
syarikat itu, Sarah menggunakan pendekatan tertentu di mana dia memberikan arahan yang
ketat dan memberikan arahan kerja yang terperinci kepada semua pekerja. Dia mentakrifkan
peranan mereka, dan memberitahu mereka apa yang perlu dilakukan atau bagaimana dan bila
untuk melaksanakan tugas mereka. Malangnya, tidak seperti jangkaannya, gaya kepimpinan
jenis ini tidak berfungsi dengan baik. Kemajuan nampak perlahan dan hanya prestasi Dolah
nampak meningkat.
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SKMM 4823

a) Nyatakan satu teori kepimpinan yang sesuai yang dapat menjelaskan senario ini. Kenal
pasti dan nyatakan ciri-ciri setiap pekerja berdasarkan teori kepimpinan yang telah anda
pilih.

(6 markah)

b) Analisa mengapa gaya kepimpinan Sarah hanya meningkatkan prestasi Dolah, tetapi
tidak kepada tiga pekerja lain.

(4 markah)

c) Cadangkan apa yang Sarah boleh lakukan untuk meningkatkan prestasi semua pekerja.

(8 markah)

d) Pada pendapat anda, apa yang boleh dilakukan Sarah untuk menaik taraf dirinya
sebagai ketua?

(2 markah)

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