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Array in Java

The document discusses arrays in Java, including how to declare, instantiate, and manipulate arrays. Arrays are objects that hold multiple values of a single type, and can be created to store primitive types like integers as well as custom classes. Examples are provided for common array operations like initialization, summation, averaging, and passing arrays between methods.

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Rezdar Hawrami
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
101 views

Array in Java

The document discusses arrays in Java, including how to declare, instantiate, and manipulate arrays. Arrays are objects that hold multiple values of a single type, and can be created to store primitive types like integers as well as custom classes. Examples are provided for common array operations like initialization, summation, averaging, and passing arrays between methods.

Uploaded by

Rezdar Hawrami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sulaimani polytechnic university

Computer Science Institute

Network Department / second stage

Midterm

Array in java

Prepared by: Supervised:

Rezdar Hassan Mr Rebwar Khaled

Introduction
 What is an "array"?

 Arrays themselves are objects in Java

 Creating an array

 Arrays Can Be Made of Any Type or Class

 ArrayExample.java

 Array Manipulation

What is an "array"?
A graphic representation

A variable (field, reference)


int answer;

CSStudent aStudent;

An array

int[] answers = new int[4];

CSStudent[] someStudents = new CSStudent[4];

Arrays themselves are objects in Java


Even arrays of primitive data types.

int intArray[];

intArray = new int[4];


float[] fnumbers = new float[8];

CSStudent studentArray[] = new CSStudent[10];

Note the last declaration and instantiation of an array of


CSStudent

objects

Note that array declarations use [], not ()

Question: How many CSStudent objects are created by the

declaration?

Since arrays are objects they inherit all the characteristics of

java.lang.Object

All array objects also have some other characteristics; i.e., each
array has an

associated field named length.

Notice it is a field named length, unlike the instance method


named length()

associated with String objects.


Creating an array
... is like creating an object from a class:

 declaration - assigns a name to the reference


 instantiation - creates space for the object
 initialization - gives the objects values for the first time

Arrays of primitive data types are initialized to 0

int[] grades;

grades = new int[60];

Arrays of Objects are initialized to null

Student[] students;

students = new Student[60];


The students array has been declared and instantiated, but not
yet initialized: no

Student object references have been assigned to the array


elements.

To initialize the array elements, you need to instantiate each

individually:

for (int nextStudent = 0; nextStudent < 10; nextStudent++ ) {

students[nextStudent] = new CSStudent();

Arrays Can Be Made of Any Type or Class


"Declaring a variable of array type does not create an array object or
allocate any space for array components. It creates only the variable
itself, which can contain a reference to an array."

from: Java Language Specification, Gosling, Joy, and Steel, 1996

Arrays are created (instantiated) with new, just like other objects.
Once an array is created, its length never changes.

Question: Any idea why?

Examples
int[] intArray = new int[4]; // elements initially set to 0

CreditCard cards[] = new CreditCard[MAXCARDS];


// elements initially set to null
// notice the [] can be placed with the field name
// or the type; though the latter is "better"

Tip: If you need a colllection’s size to change consider using


java.util.Vector or another collection class instead of arrays

ArrayExample.java
/** An Example of some array manipulation
**/

public class ArrayExample {

public static void main (String args[]) {

int numberOfElements = 0;
if (args.length > 0) {
// Use value from command line
numberOfElements = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
}

ArrayExample anExample = new ArrayExample();

anExample.initializeArray(numberOfElements);

// Notice that method calls can be included in other method


// calls: in this case, returning primitive values that will
// be converted to String objects.

System.out.println("sum = " + anExample.Sum() +


" average = " + anExample.Average() );
}

private int[] intArray; // all instance (non static) methods


// have acess to this ’instance’ variable
/** Initialize the array (which will be made big enough to hold
size entries) contents with some numbers */
public void initializeArray(int size) {

intArray = new int[size];

int startValue = size * 3; // pick any number

for (int i = 0; i < intArray.length; i++) {


intArray[i] = startValue; // put current number in next slot
startValue = startValue - 2; // and calculate next number
}
}

/** Calculate the sum of the array contents */


public long Sum() {
int index;
int arrayLen;
long sum = 0;

// All arrays have a length field that specifies how many


// elements the array contains

arrayLen = intArray.length;

// Calculate the sum the values in all array elements

for (index = 0; index < arrayLen; index++) {


sum += intArray[index];
}
return sum;
}

/** Calculate the average of the array contents */


public double Average() {
// Notice that Average calls Sum() to total the values in the
// array, rather than duplicating that calculation here. What
// is going on with the "(double)" ?

double average = (double) Sum() / intArray.length;


return average;
}

Array Manipulation
In class example of some array manipulation
Write a Java class named Arrays.java. This class should have the following
methods.
1. public void listArgs( String [] args)
To list out the arguments in an array of Strings
2. public long product( int [] intArray )
To compute the product of the integers in the array intArray
3. public static void main( String[] args ) Should have the following code:
if (args.length == 0) {
System.out.println("usage: Arrays [integers]");
}
else {
Arrays inst = new Arrays();
inst.listArgs(args);

int input[] = new int[args.length];


for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
input[i] = Integer.parseInt(args[i]);
}
System.out.print("product = ");
long answer = inst.product(input);
System.out.println(answer);
}

Refrences:

www.cs.cmu.edu

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