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Rain Gauge: Non-Recording Type

Rain gauges are instruments used to measure rainfall and come in two main types: non-recording and recording. Non-recording rain gauges are the most common type and consist of a cylindrical vessel with a funnel that collects rainfall in a receiving bottle, which is then measured with a graduated glass. Recording rain gauges provide a continuous record of rainfall amounts over time and come in weighing bucket, tipping bucket, and floating/natural syphon varieties that use mechanical devices like levers or floats with pens to trace rainfall accumulation on a chart. Radar is also used to measure rainfall over large areas with good accuracy.

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3K views3 pages

Rain Gauge: Non-Recording Type

Rain gauges are instruments used to measure rainfall and come in two main types: non-recording and recording. Non-recording rain gauges are the most common type and consist of a cylindrical vessel with a funnel that collects rainfall in a receiving bottle, which is then measured with a graduated glass. Recording rain gauges provide a continuous record of rainfall amounts over time and come in weighing bucket, tipping bucket, and floating/natural syphon varieties that use mechanical devices like levers or floats with pens to trace rainfall accumulation on a chart. Radar is also used to measure rainfall over large areas with good accuracy.

Uploaded by

Rana Talal Razi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Rain gauge

Rain gauge is a type of instrument used by meteorologists and hydrologists to measure rainfall rate in a
certain period of time. Rain gauges are also known as udometer, pluviometer and ombrometer.

Types of Rain Gauges

 Non-Recording Type
 Recording Type

Non-Recording Type

Non-recording type rain gauge is most common type of rain


gauge used by meteorological department. It consists of a
cylindrical vessel 127mm in diameter with a base enlarged
to 210mm diameter.

At its top section, funnel is provided with circular brass rim


which is 127mm exactly so that it can fit into vessel well.
This funnel shank is inserted in the neck of a receiving
bottle which is 75 to 100mm high from the base section and
thinner than the cylinder, placed into it to receive rainfall.

A Receiving bottle has capacity of 100mm and during


heavy rainfall, amount of rain is frequently exceeded, so the reading should be measured 3 to 4 times in a
day. Water contained in this receiving bottle is measured by a graduated measuring glass with an
accuracy up to 0. 1mm. For uniformity the rainfall is measured every day at 8:30Am IST and is recorded
as rainfall of the day.

Proper care, maintenance and inspection of rain gauge especially during dry weather is necessary to keep
the instrument free form dust and dirt, so that the readings are accurate

Recording Type Rain Gauges

There are three types of recording rain gauges

 Weighing bucket type


 Tipping bucket type
 Floating or natural syphon type rain gauge
Weighing Bucket Type Rain Gauge

Weighing bucket type rain gauge is most common


self-recording rain gauge. It consists of a receiver
bucket supported by a spring or lever balance or
some other weighing mechanism. The movement
of bucket due to its increasing weight is
transmitted to a pen which traces record or some
marking on a clock driven chart.

Weighing bucket type rain gauge instrument gives


a plot of the accumulated (increased) rainfall
values against the elapsed time and the curve so
formed is called the mass curve.

Tipping Bucket Type Rain Gauge

Tipping bucket type rain gauge is a 30cm sized


circular rain gauge adopted for use by US weather
bureau. It has 30cm diameter sharp edged receiver
and at the end of the receiver is provided a funnel.
Pair of buckets are pivoted under this funnel in
such a manner that when one bucket receives
0.25mm of precipitation (rainfall),it tips
discharging its rainfall into the container, bringing
the other bucket under the funnel.

Tipping of bucket completes an electric circuit


causing the movement of pen to mark on clock
driven receiving drum which carries a recorded
sheet. These electric pulses generated are recorded
at the control room far away from the rain gauge
station. This instrument is further suited for
digitalizing the output signal.
Floating or Natural Syphon Type Rain
Gauge
The working of this type of rain gauge is similar to
weighing bucket rain gauge. A funnel receives the
water which is collected in a rectangular container.
A float is provided at the bottom of container, and
this float raises as the water level rises in the
container. Its movement being recorded by a pen
moving on a recording drum actuated by a clock
work.

When water rises, this float reaches to the top


floating in water, then syphon comes into operation
and releases the water outwards through the
connecting pipe, thus all water in box is drained
out. This rain gauge is adopted as the standard
recording rain gauge in India and the curve drawn
using this data is known as mass curve of rain fall.

Radar Measurements
In an integrated system for measurement of rainfall, rain gauges are used for measuring the total amount
as well as intensity of a rainstorm and a microwave radar (wavelength ~ 3 to 10 cm) is used for
determining the areal extent, location, and movement of rainstorms. Also the amount of rainfall over large
areas can be determined using radars with a good degree of accuracy.

 The hydrological range of radar is about 200km.


 Heavy rains – 10 cm radar
 Light rains and snow – 5cm radar
 Doppler type radars are used for measuring the velocity and distribution of raindrops

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