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    Class Act Electromechanical Energy Conversion

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    sfasdf
    Here are the steps to solve this problem: a) Given: Bg = 1.0 T, N = 250 turns, g = 5 mm From Faraday's law: e = N * dB/dt But this is a dc source, so dB/dt = 0 Using the B-H curve: For Bg = 1.0 T, Hg = 4000 A/m From the ampere turn balance equation: NI = HcAc + HgAg 250i = 4000 * 500 + Hg * 5 i = 20 A Voltage of dc source = iR = 20 * 5 = 100 V b) Stored field energy (from previous slides): Wf = W

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    Class Act Electromechanical Energy Conversion

    Uploaded by

    sfasdf
    37 views8 pages
    Here are the steps to solve this problem: a) Given: Bg = 1.0 T, N = 250 turns, g = 5 mm From Faraday's law: e = N * dB/dt But this is a dc source, so dB/dt = 0 Using the B-H curve: For Bg = 1.0 T, Hg = 4000 A/m From the ampere turn balance equation: NI = HcAc + HgAg 250i = 4000 * 500 + Hg * 5 i = 20 A Voltage of dc source = iR = 20 * 5 = 100 V b) Stored field energy (from previous slides): Wf = W

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    Class_Act_Electromechanical_Energy_Conversion

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    Here are the steps to solve this problem: a) Given: Bg = 1.0 T, N = 250 turns, g = 5 mm From Faraday's law: e = N * dB/dt But this is a dc source, so dB/dt = 0 Using the B-H curve: For Bg = 1.0 T, Hg = 4000 A/m From the ampere turn balance equation: NI = HcAc + HgAg 250i = 4000 * 500 + Hg * 5 i = 20 A Voltage of dc source = iR = 20 * 5 = 100 V b) Stored field energy (from previous slides): Wf = W

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views8 pages

    Class Act Electromechanical Energy Conversion

    Uploaded by

    sfasdf
    Here are the steps to solve this problem: a) Given: Bg = 1.0 T, N = 250 turns, g = 5 mm From Faraday's law: e = N * dB/dt But this is a dc source, so dB/dt = 0 Using the B-H curve: For Bg = 1.0 T, Hg = 4000 A/m From the ampere turn balance equation: NI = HcAc + HgAg 250i = 4000 * 500 + Hg * 5 i = 20 A Voltage of dc source = iR = 20 * 5 = 100 V b) Stored field energy (from previous slides): Wf = W

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Electromechanical Energy Conversion

    Energy Conversion Process / Field Energy


    Electromechanical Energy Conversion
    There are various methods for calculating the force or torque developed in an energy conversion device. The
    method used here is based on the principle of conservation of energy.
    An electromechanical converter system has three essential parts: (1) an electric system, (2) a mechanical system,
    and (3) a coupling field. The energy transfer equation is as follows:

    The electrical energy loss is the heating loss due to current flowing in the winding of the energy converter. This
    loss is known as the i2R loss in the resistance (R) of the winding. The field loss is the core loss due to changing
    magnetic field in the magnetic core. The mechanical loss is the friction and windage loss due to the motion of the
    moving components. All these losses are converted to heat. The energy balance equation can therefore be written
    as
    Electromechanical Energy Conversion
    Now consider a differential time interval dt during which an increment of electrical energy dWe (excluding the i2R
    loss) flows to the system. During this time dt, let dWf be the energy supplied to the field (either stored or lost, or
    part stored and part lost) and dWm the energy converted to mechanical form (in useful form or as loss, or part
    useful and part as loss). In differential forms, equation can be expressed as

    𝑑𝑊𝑒 = 𝑑𝑊𝑓 + 𝑑𝑊𝑚

    Core losses are usually small, and if they are neglected, dWf will represent the change in the stored field energy.
    Similarly, if friction and windage losses can be neglected, then all of dWm will be available as useful mechanical
    energy output. The losses do not contribute to the energy conversion process.
    Field Energy
    Consider the electromechanical system of the figure below. The movable part can be held in static equilibrium by
    the spring. Let us assume that the movable part is held stationary at some air gap and the current is increased
    from zero to a value i. Flux will be established in the magnetic system.

    𝑑𝑊𝑚 = 0
    From equation of previous slide, we have

    𝑑𝑊𝑒 = 𝑑𝑊𝑓

    If core loss is neglected, all the incremental electrical energy


    input is stored as incremental field energy. Now,

    𝑑Φ 𝑑𝜆
    𝑒=𝑁 𝐹𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑦 ′ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤 ; 𝜆 = 𝑁Φ ∴ 𝑒 =
    𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

    𝑑𝑊𝑒 = 𝑒𝑖 𝑑𝑡

    𝑑𝑊𝑓 = 𝑖 𝑑𝜆
    Field Energy
    The relationship between coil flux linkage λ and current i for a particular air gap length is shown in figure. The
    incremental field energy dWf is shown as the cross hatched area in this figure. When the flux linkage is increased from
    zero to λ, the energy stored in the field is

    𝜆
    𝑊𝑓 = න 𝑖 𝑑𝜆
    0

    This integral represents the area between the λ-axis and the λ−i characteristic, the entire area shown shaded in figure.

    𝑁𝑖 = 𝐻𝑐 𝑙𝑐 + 𝐻𝑔 𝑙𝑔

    𝜆 = 𝑁Φ = 𝑁𝐵𝐴

    where
    A is the cross-sectional area of the flux path
    B is the flux density, assumed same throughout
    Field Energy
    𝐻𝑐 𝑙𝑐 + 𝐻𝑔 𝑙𝑔
    𝑊𝑓 = න 𝑁𝐴 𝑑𝐵
    𝑁
    For the airgap 𝐻𝑔 = 𝐵 Τ𝜇0
    𝐵
    𝑊𝑓 = න 𝐻𝑐 𝑙𝑐 + 𝑙𝑔 𝐴 𝑑𝐵
    𝜇0

    𝐵
    𝑊𝑓 = න 𝐻𝑐 𝑙𝑐 𝐴 𝑑𝐵 + 𝑙 𝐴 𝑑𝐵
    𝜇0 𝑔

    𝐵2
    𝑊𝑓 = න 𝐻𝑐 𝑑𝐵 × 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 + × 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑔𝑎𝑝
    2𝜇0

    𝑊𝑓 = 𝑤𝑓𝑐 × 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑤𝑓𝑔 × 𝑉𝑔 = 𝑊𝑓𝑐 + 𝑊𝑓𝑔

    where 𝑤𝑓𝑐 = ‫ 𝑐𝐵𝑑 𝑐𝐻 ׬‬is the energy density in the magnetic material
    𝑤𝑓𝑔 is the energy density in the airgap, 𝑉𝑐 is the volume in the magnetic material, 𝑉𝑔 is the volume of the airgap.
    𝑊𝑓𝑐 is the energy in the magnetic material and finally, 𝑊𝑓𝑔 is the energy in the airgap.
    Field Energy
    Normally, energy stored in the air gap (Wfg) is much larger than the energy stored in the magnetic material (Wfc). In
    most cases Wfc can be neglected.

    For a linear magnetic system,

    𝐵𝑐
    𝐻𝑐 =
    𝜇𝑐

    Therefore,

    𝐵𝑐 𝐵𝑐2
    𝑤𝑓𝑐 = න 𝑑𝐵𝑐 =
    𝜇𝑐 2𝜇𝑐
    Exercise
    The dimensions of the actuator system of are shown in figure below. The magnetic core is made of cast steel whose
    B-H characteristic is shown in figure (right side). The coil has 250 turns, and the coil resistance is 5 Ω. For a fixed air
    gap length g=5mm, a dc source is connected to the coil to produce a flux density of 1.0 T in the air gap.

    a) Find the voltage of the dc source.


    b) Find the stored field energy.

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