Report on Study tour

Submitted to

The Head
Department of Community Medicine
Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh

Submitted by
Name :

Class Roll No :
Batch: :

Session :

Registration No :

Professional :
Examination Roll No

Examined by:

Internal External

Signature: Signature:

Date: Date:

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Certificate
This is to certify that…………………………………………………………………
Student of 3rd year MBBS,
Examination Roll No………………………………………………………………….
Registration no…………………………………………………………………………
Session 2016-2017 (M-54) of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh,
completed the assignment on "Report on Study Tour".

His/her participation in the Day Visit and in preparing the report was
satisfactory.

We wish her/him every success in life.

Dr.Mohammad Kamruzzaman khan

MBBS, BCS, MPH
Lecturer & Head, Department of Community Medicine
Mymensingh Medical College,Mymensingh

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 Acknowledgement
Study tour is a part of the curriculum of Community Medicine conducted by 3 rd year
MBBS students and supported by the Department of Community Medicine, Mymensingh
Medical College. We would like to thank DR.Mohammad Kamruzzaman khan, Lecturer
& Head of the department of Community Medicine, Mymensingh Medical Collegen for
his encouragement and support.

Dr.Mahmuda Jahan, Lecturer, Department of Community Medicine, Mymensingh Medical

College is thanked for her support and guidance for supervising and preparing the
report on study tour.

We extend our thanks to Dr. Asma Nishat, Dr. Suriya Akhtar, Dr. Shazia Afrin,Dr.
Tasmia Hossain, Department of Community medicine, Mymensingh Medical College,
Mymensingh.

Finally, we acknowledge the effort made by Md. Imran Chowdhury, Health Educator,
Md. Forhad Ali, Md. Abdul Kader, Dept. of Community Medicine, Mymensingh
Medical College for assisting all sorts of official communication for conducting the
survey.

Thanking all
Batch:M-54 (Batch –E)
rd
3 year medical student

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 Contents

Serial No Topic Page Number

01. Introduction 5
02. Occupational Health 6-7
03. Occupational Hazards and Diseases 7-8
04. Visit to Coil Factory of Takwa Marketing Limited 9-12

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 Introduction
rd
Study tour for the 3 year MBBS students is an integral part of the curriculum of
Community
Medicine. Teachers of Community Medicine perform the responsibility for successful
implementation of the program.

Objectives of Study Tour: To observe different natural and health related organizations
of the country for acquiring knowledge and developing skills in assessing health needs
and demands of population. The development of science and technology has resulted in
the growth and spread of industries. Human progress now-a-days is measured in terms
of industrial potentialities and prosperity. Industrialization refers to a process which has
occurred in the history of all economically 'developed' states and which remains an
aspiration for most of the governments of those many populations which remain today
relatively undeveloped. Through industrialization the economy of a country is
dramatically transformed so that the means whereby it produces material commodities is
increasingly mechanized since human or animal labour is increasingly replaced by other,
predominantly mineral sources of energy in direct application to the production of useful
commodities. But it is unfortunate that we have not yet realized the evils of
industrialization. The ecological imbalance and greenhouse effects have posed serious
threat to human kind and its survival is questioned. Through the consequences of
industrialization and associated urbanization for the health and well-being of the mass of
the population still have been an unsolved issue. In our classroom teaching, we have
learnt about industrial environment and industrial hazards. In order to observe the
industrial environment and to get an idea on potential hazards that may occur in
industry and their preventive measures, we paid a tour in Coil factory of Takwa
Marketing Network, Maskanda, Mymensingh

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 Occupational Health
Occupational health: The joint ILO/WHO committee on occupational health gave the
following definition: "Occupational health should aim at the promotion and maintenance
of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all
occupations; the prevention among workers of departures from health caused by their by
working conditions; the protection of workers in their environment from risks resulting
from factors adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of the workers in an
occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological equipment, and
to summarize, the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job".

Objectives of occupational health:

 The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and
social well-being of workers in all occupations.
 The prevention among workers of departures from health caused by their by
working conditions.
 The protection of workers in their environment from risks resulting from factors
adverse to health.
 The placing and maintenance of the workers in an occupational environment
adapted to his physiological and psychological equipment.
 To summarize, the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job.

Occupational environment: It means the sum of external conditions and influences

which prevail at the place of work and which have bearing on the health of the
working population.
One of the important concern of our tour was to assess the occupational environment of
the factory. There are three types of interaction in a working environment:
 Man and physical, chemical and biological agents
 Man and machine
 Man and man

1. Man and physical, chemical and biological agents

a) Physical agents: Heat, cold, humidity, air movement, heat radiation, light, noise,
vibrations and ionizing radiation.
b) Chemical agents: Chemicals, toxic dusts and gases which are potential hazards of
the health of the workers like respiratory illness
c) Biological agents: The workers May be exposed to viral, rickettsial, bacterial and
parasitic agents which may result from close contact with products, contaminated water,
soil or food

2. Man and machine: The unguarded machines, protruding and moving parts, poor
installation of the plant, lack of safety measures are the causes of accidents which is a
major problem in industries. Working for long hours in unphysiological postures is the

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cause of fatigue, backache, disease of joints and muscles and impairment of the
worker's health and efficiency.

3. Man and man: These are human relationship amongst workers themselves, and those
in authority over them. In modern occupational health, the emphasis is on people, the
condition in which they live and work, their hopes and fears and their attitudes towards
their jobs, their fellow-workers and employers.

Occupational Hazards and Diseases

An industrial worker May be exposed to five types of hazards depending upon his
occupation
1. Physical hazards
2. Chemical hazards
3. Biological hazards
4. Mechanical hazards
5. Psychosocial hazards

A. Physical Hazards:
 Heat : Heat hyperpyrexia, heat exhaustion, heat cramp, burns, local effect such
as prickly heat
 Light: Eye strain, eye pain, headache, eye fatigue, congestion around the cornea
due to poor illumination.
 Noise: 1. Auditory effects: Temporary or permanent deafness.
 2. Non — auditory effects: Headache, fatigue, annoyance, decreased
 efficiency, interference with communication by speech
 Vibration: Blood vessels of the fingers become sensitive to spasm, injuries to
the joints of the hands, shoulders and elbows
 Mechanical factors: Injuries, Accidents
The ventilation and lighting of the factory was not satisfactory. Workers were not
provided with proper safety equipments.

B. Chemical Hazards: Chemical agents comprise chemicals, toxic dusts and gases .
These can cause following disease:
 Local action: Dermatitis, Irritation etc.
 Chemical and toxic dusts (Pneumoconiosis) :
 Coal dusts : Anthracosis
 Silica: Silicosis
 Asbestos : Asbestosis
 Iron: Siderosis
 Gases: CO, CO2, HCN, CS2 , NH3 , N2, H2S, HCl, SO2- these gases can cause
poisoning.

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C. Biological Hazards: Viral, bacterial, parasitic agents contaminated food and water
are the biological agents to safe drinking water.
Common hazards: Tetanus due to cut from contaminated parts of machines

D. Mechanical hazards: Accidents and injuries can commonly occur from moving parts
of the machines, sharp edges of machines etc. The machines are kept in the right
places to avoid any injury and accidents. Now recruits are given proper training about
the use of machines. So the incidence of mechanical injuries among new workers were
moderate. The old workers seldom face any mechanical hazards.

E. Psychosocial Hazard : These includes Hostility, Aggressiveness, Anxiety,

Depression, Sickness absenteeism
To know about the occupational hazards and occupational environment a study tour was
made at the Takwa coil Factory at Maskanda in Mymensingh.

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 Coil Factory of Takwa Marketing Limited
Plot D-5 and 6, BSCIC Industrial Area, Maskanda, Mymensingh

Place: Takwa Marketing Limited, Maskanda, Mymensingh

Date: January 26, 2019
Briefed by: Shazada Imran
Manager, Takwa Marketing Network, Mymensingh
Guided by: Dr.Mohammad Kamruzzaman khan, Lecturer and Head, Community
Medicine department ,Mymensingh medical college.

Objectives: To observe an industrial environment and to assess the potential hazards

that
may happen in an industry

Staff Pattern:
• Managing Director
• Manager-2
• Accounts Officer — 1
• Medical Officer —
• Factory. In Charge — 1
• Workers — About 30

Raw. Materials:
 Active Ingredient: S-biothrin
 Other Materials:
 Coconut Shell powder
 Wood powder
 Crushed Tamarind seeds (adhesive matter)
 Dye
 Water
 Barley
Among these materials wood and coconut shell powder is available in Bangladesh.
Rest of the materials are imported from other countries.

Steps of production of Mosquito Coils:

1. Mixing of all the ingredients to make a chy e in the loading machine.
2. Crushing the chyme in the crushing chine.
3. Extruding and stamping of the c me to give the shape of the coil.
4. Drying and heating at 60-65 Øree Celsius for 14— 15 hours.
5. Prolling

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 6. Packaging and Labeling by the workers.

Occupational Environment of the Factory:

One of the important concern of our tour was to assess the occupational environment of
the factory. There are three types of interaction in a working environment:
• Man and physical, chemical and biological agents
• Man and machine
• Man and man
A doctor is appointed for the staffs and workers of the factory who visits them every
Thursday Occupational Hazards seen in Takwa Coil Factory:
• Extreme Temperature
• Insufficient light
• Noise
• Poor Ventilation
• Congested working area
Side Effects of S-biothrin:
> Cough
> Sore throat
> Nausea
> Vomiting
> Abdominal pain
> Dizziness
Preventive measures of the Takwa Marketing Network to prevent
occupational hazards:
To avoid occupational hazards following steps should be taken-
• Implementation of proper ventilation system.
• Workers should use personal protective equipments like ear plug, ear muff, masks
and
gloves.
• Light should be sufficient.
• The working area should be large.
• Workers should be encouraged to use personal equipments.
• Effective measures should be implemented for heat control.

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Limitations:
Workers are not willing to use personal protective equipments like masks,
aprons .
Ventilation system wasn't so satisfactory to breathe adequately.

Fig : Factory worker Fig: Inside the coil factory

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Comment:
Though the workers seemed apparently healthy, Authority should give more attention
about improvement in ventilation, lighting, space area of industry. Child worker should
not be allowed. For improving occupational environment, arrangement of health
education and raising awareness among workers should be done.

Signature of the student Signature of

the teacher

Fig: Infront of Coil factory with Dr.Kamruzzaman sir

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