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Spread Spectrum in Spread Spectrum (SS), We Spread A Signal Over A Wide Bandwidth

Spread spectrum techniques spread signals over a wide bandwidth to provide benefits like secure communication and interference resistance. There are two main types: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) spreads the signal by phase modulating it with a pseudonoise code, and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) broadcasts the signal over a series of frequencies in sync between transmitter and receiver. Both allow multiple users to share the same bandwidth with little interference through the use of different codes or frequency hopping patterns.

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71 views9 pages

Spread Spectrum in Spread Spectrum (SS), We Spread A Signal Over A Wide Bandwidth

Spread spectrum techniques spread signals over a wide bandwidth to provide benefits like secure communication and interference resistance. There are two main types: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) spreads the signal by phase modulating it with a pseudonoise code, and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) broadcasts the signal over a series of frequencies in sync between transmitter and receiver. Both allow multiple users to share the same bandwidth with little interference through the use of different codes or frequency hopping patterns.

Uploaded by

Tana Azeez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPREAD SPECTRUM

In spread spectrum (SS), we spread a signal over a wide bandwidth


(larger than BW in traditional communication systems) - These
techniques are used for a variety of reasons, including the establishment
of secure communications, increasing resistance to natural interference,
noise and jamming
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)

Pseudo noise (PN) code is required in SS systems Pseudo noise (PN)


code symbols are called chips Chip rate or PN code rate Rc >> R
original signal :

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS


DSSS phase-modulates the original signal with a continuous string of
pseudonoise (PN) code symbols, each of which has a much shorter
duration than an information bit.
DSSS Example :

General Model of Spread Spectrum System


• Receiver uses same sequence to demodulate signal
DSSS Example :

DSSS Transmitter :

DSSS Receiver :
Gains
•Immunity from various noise and multipath distortion
–Including jamming
•Can hide/encrypt signals
–Only receiver who knows spreading code can retrieve signal
•Several users can share same higher bandwidth with little interference
–Cellular telephones
–Code division multiple access (CDMA)

CDMA for DSSS :


•n users each using different orthogonal PN sequence
•Modulate each users data stream
–Using BPSK
•Multiply by spreading code of user

Approximate Spectrum of DSSS Signal :


CDMA in a DSSS Environment :

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)


•Signal broadcast over series of frequencies
•Receiver hops between frequencies in sync with transmitter
•Eavesdroppers hear unintelligible blips
•Jamming on one frequency affects only a few bits

Basic Operation
•Typically 2k carriers frequencies forming 2k channels
•Channel spacing corresponds with bandwidth of input
•Each channel used for fixed interval
–Ex. 300 ms in IEEE 802.11

Frequency Hopping Example :

Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) :


Frequency selection in FHSS :

FHSS cycles :
Bandwidth sharing :

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