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Structure Lecture # 3

This document discusses how temperature changes and fabrication errors can affect truss members. It explains that a temperature increase will cause members to elongate, while compressive forces will cause shortening. Equating these effects determines the forces generated. Errors in member length also induce forces to maintain the design geometry. The overall force-displacement relationship accounts for applied loads, temperature effects, and errors. Member forces are then found through superposition of these separate contributions.

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kashi Bhojia
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views

Structure Lecture # 3

This document discusses how temperature changes and fabrication errors can affect truss members. It explains that a temperature increase will cause members to elongate, while compressive forces will cause shortening. Equating these effects determines the forces generated. Errors in member length also induce forces to maintain the design geometry. The overall force-displacement relationship accounts for applied loads, temperature effects, and errors. Member forces are then found through superposition of these separate contributions.

Uploaded by

kashi Bhojia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example Truss 2

1
𝑸 = 𝑲𝑫
𝑄1 𝐷1 1
1 𝐷2
𝑄2 2
2 𝐷3
𝑄3 3 = 𝑲 3
𝑄4 4 𝐷4 4
𝑄5 5 𝐷5 5
𝑄6 6 𝐷6 6

0 𝐷1
−2 𝐷2
0 0
0
= 𝑲 0
2k

0 0
0 0
2
3
𝑸 = 𝑲𝑫

4
5
6
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Trusses having thermal changes & fabrication errors

➢ If a truss member of length L is subjected to a


Temperature increase T, the member will
undergo an increase in length of:
L =  TL

➢ A compressive force q0 applied to the member will


cause a decrease in the member’s length of:
L’= q0L/AE

➢ If we equate these two displacements: q0 = AET


CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Trusses having thermal changes & fabrication errors

• If a temperature decrease occurs then T becomes Negative & these


forces reverse direction to hold the member in equilibrium and same in the case if
temperature increases.
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Trusses having thermal changes & fabrication errors

• If a truss member is made too long by an amount L before it is fitted into a truss,
AEL
the force q0 needed to keep the member at its design length L is q0 =
L
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Trusses having thermal changes & fabrication errors

• If the member is too short, then L becomes Negative & these forces will reverse
• In global coordinates, these forces are:
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Trusses having thermal changes & fabrication errors

➢ With the truss subjected to applied forces, temperature changes and fabrication
errors, the initial force-displacement relationship for the truss then becomes:

Q = KD + Q0
➢ Once these nodal displacements are obtained, the member forces are determined by
superposition:
q = k'TD + q0

➢ If this eqn. is expanded to determine the force at the far end of the member, we obtain:

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